第三代信息构建及其对情报学的影响

本文从信息构建的发展历程出发,分析第三代信息构建的特点,并与第一代和第二代新型构建进行了比较,明确了信息构建在当代与信息设计、信息管理以及信息管理构建概念的区别。在此基础上,提出了信息构建在网站建造方面的应用以及需要注意的问题。最后,探讨了第三代信息构建对情报学的影响。     

Rise of the phoenix: A review of new forms and exploitations of grey literature

In the field of scientific, technical, and business information a new legend has arisen. Grey literature (GL), thought by many to have become dormant, has witnessed a rebirth. Grey literature, like the phoenix of ancient legend, has been enkindled by its own resources. New producers and publishers of grey literature have provided us with new forms and types of grey literature. New methods and mediums of storing and distributing grey literature have created new uses for these resources, and in turn, new users of these resources are demonstrating its further capabilities. Government organizations, business and industry, as well as academic institutions have come to view themselves as publishers of grey literature. Their reports, working papers, and policy statements are no longer available only to a limited few in printed form, but are published electronically and are available in networked environments for unlimited retrieval. These new resources, stored in a host of electronic formats, have lured new user groups worldwide, and the exploitation of these resources have not only been made for economic gain, but have greatly contributed to the knowledge base in many fields and disciplines, to the decision making in local and (inter)national government agencies, and in information forecasts for businesses. The rise of this new grey phoenix has emerged over the past quarter of a century from an uncontrolled mass of information to new meta-information applicable for science and industry. phoenix n: A bird of ancient legend said to be the only one of its kind and to live more than 500 years, at the end of which it built for itself a funeral pile, lighted it with the fanning of its wings, and rose again from its ashes; hence, an emblem of immortality; a paragon. this article was adapted from a paper presented at the second U.S. Workshop on Grey Literature (GreyWorks’96) held at College Park, Maryland, USA on November 18, 1996.     

The citation impact of information behavior theories in scholarly literature

Theories of information behavior have been developed and used in a variety of disciplines to describe the needs, seeking/search/sharing behaviors, and uses of information among individuals and groups in a variety of contexts. While the development of a theory is a complex, evolutionary process, often involving many thinkers over a long period of time, there is generally a single or small group of publications that can be pointed to as the genesis of a theory. The genesis publications for information behavior theories were examined to determine the information behavior theories receiving the most direct citations in scholarly literature. The findings of this study may be beneficial to library and information science researchers in identifying influential and growing theories of information behavior for incorporation as the foundation of their own research.     

Pitfalls of new information and communication technologies

A grave socio-psychological problem (that is often overlooked by the national press) is discussed due to the modern scientific and technological progress in cyberspace. The negative effects of abnormal pastimes are considered in detail, as well as the patterns of deviant behavior on the web that are characteristic of Internet addicts (adults and children) and the prevention of Internet addiction disorder.     

新信息技术在智能图书馆中的应用

介绍了云计算、移动互联和物联网的概念、特点和作用,及其对图书馆智能化、知识化、泛在化服务的影响。     

The internet as a new distribution channel of scientific grey literature: The case of Italian WWW servers

The enormous range of information sources and communication services available on the Internet today recalls the information explosion and information overload that characterizes this century. We are certainly facing new kinds of information and communication patterns, based on direct electronic communication between end-users among themselves and/or between end-users and information sources. Moreover, this new channel of communication provides the opportunity to distribute different types of information, which in some cases are available only in a networked environment. The aim of this article is to analyze whether this new scenario has stimulated the production and the direct distribution of grey literature as well as changing its “traditional” features. The starting point of the study are the Italian WWW servers of the National Research Council.     

The impact of information skills training on independent literature searching activity and requests for mediated literature searches

Background: Most NHS library services routinely offer both mediated searches and information skills training sessions to their users. We analyse the impact of these two services on the amount of literature searching demonstrated by users of hospital‐ based library services in the north‐west of England. Methods: Data for (1) mediated literature searches, (2) number of library users attending information skills training sessions, (3) amount of library staff time devoted to information skills training, and (4) number of Athens‐authenticated log‐ins to databases were obtained from statistical returns for 2007, and analysed for significant correlations. Results: There was evidence of quite strong correlations between the two measures of training activity and the number of mediated literature searches performed by library staff. There was weaker evidence of correlation between training activity and total literature searching activity. Discussion: Attending training sessions may make some library users aware of the difficulty of complex literature searches and actually reduce their confidence to perform their own complex searches independently. The relationships between information skills training, mediated literature searches, and independent literature searching activity remain complex.     

The use of grey literature in health sciences: a preliminary survey

The paper describes some initiatives in the field of grey literature (GL) and the activities, from 1985, of the Italian Library Association Study Group. The major categories of GL are defined; a survey that evaluates the use of GL by end users in the health sciences is described. References in selected periodicals and databases have been analyzed for the years 1987-1988 to determine the number of articles citing GL, the number of GL citations found in selected periodicals, the various types of GL found, and the number of technical reports cited and their country of origin and intergovernmental issuing organization. Selected databases were also searched to determine the presence of GL during those same years. The paper presents the first results obtained.     

The ubiquity of grey literature in a connected content context

Publishing Research Quarterly -     

Biological databases: A new scientific literature

Biology is entering a new era in which data are being generated that cannot be published in the traditional literature. Databases are taking the role of scientific literature in distributing this information to the community. The success of some major biological undertakings, such as the Human Genome Project, will depend upon the development of a system for electronic data publishing. Many biological databases began as secondary literature—reviews in which certain kinds of data were collected from the primary literature. Now these databases are becoming a new kind of primary literature with findings being submitted directly to the database and never being published in print form. Some databases are offering publishing on demand services, where users can identify subsets of the data that are of interest, then subscribe to periodic distributions of the requested data. New systems, such as fordable while offering a powerful search tool to the scientific community. Although many questions remain regarding the ultimate interactions between electronic and traditional data publishing and about their respective roles in the scientific process, electronic data publishing is here now, changing the way biology is done. The technical problems associated with mounting cost-effective electronic data publishing are either solved, or solutions seem in reach. What is needed now, to take us all the way into electronic data publishing as a new, formal literature, is the development of more high-quality, professionally operated EDP sites. The key to transforming these into a new scientific literature is the establishment of appropriate editorial and review policies for electronic data publishing sites. Editors have the opportunity and the responsibility to work in the vanguard of a revolution in scientific publishing.     

新一代WEB技术层：XML

可扩展标记语言（XML）是万维网协会（W3C）定义的用于优化Web上的传输的SGML的子集，它是一种元标注语言，提供一种描述结构数据的格式，本文讨论使用XML作为数据的标准格式，Web发展的趋势是数据集成和管理，而只有利用XML才是解决这一问题的关键。     

The information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors: a selective literature review

General practitioners play a central role in primary care. Clinical Governance and advances in Information and Communications Technology dominate the agenda for change. The aim of this literature review is to indicate publications that have made a significant contribution to understanding of the information wants, needs, behaviour and preferences of family physicians and to identify areas in which there is scope for further research. Concentrating on material published in the 1990s, this review looks at the information needs of family doctors and at their information seeking behaviour. Work on the needs of General Medical Practices and of Primary Care Groups is included. The review discusses studies of information gatekeepers and projects intended to augment access to information services. A few texts are recommended as essential reading.     

Teaching the teachers to teach information literacy: A literature review

As part of the ongoing debates over the best methods for teaching information literacy, some librarians have argued for a “teach the teachers” strategy. In this approach, librarians concentrate some of their instructional energies on teaching disciplinary faculty to teach information literacy. In this paper, multiple examples of “teach the teachers” efforts are reviewed, in order to provide insight into the impact that taking this approach might have on librarians, faculty, and students. Results indicate that the “teach the teachers” approach shows promise as one method by which librarians can support the integration of information literacy into the curriculum, but that more assessment is needed to determine the long-term impact of such initiatives on faculty teaching practices and students' information literacy development.     

数字图书馆中多媒体数据库信息的检索

数字图书馆是一种新概念和新技术,数据类型包括文本、语音、图像、视频等多媒体信息.文章主要介绍了数字图书馆多媒体数据库信息中基于内容的图像、音频、视频检索技术,并阐述多媒体数据库信息检索技术的发展趋势.