教师教育的反思及教师的自我教育

受文化、体制和认知等因素的影响,以外在形式促进教师自身内化进而提高教师专业水平的教师教育模式存在着一定的缺陷和不足,教师的自我教育在一定程度上能弥补这一缺陷和不足,吸取两者的优势并加以有效整合是解决问题的一条理想途径。     

教师培养制度的变革:从师范教育到教师教育

我国高等师范教育正处于从数量满足型向质量提高型转变的重要变革时期,灵活开放的教师教育培养体系适应了知识经济社会对高素质教师的需求,师范教育向教师教育的转型是历史的必然。建立“开放型”、“综合类”、“高层次”、“专业化”的教师教育体制对提高基础教育质量具有十分重要的作用。     

教师反思的思想源头及其影响

教师反思在中外教师教育、课堂教学等领域,受到广泛关注。但是,不同学者所应用的反思概念可能不同,实践者所质疑与欢迎的教师反思也可能迥异。文章通过梳理教师反思的不同思想源头,发现这种多样性既塑造了教师反思的丰富类型,也决定了每一种教师反思都有其片面性。也就是说,每一种类型的教师反思都可能有自己的局限性,教师反思并不一定都会带来满意的结果。可以说,教师反思思想源头的多样性、类型的丰富性和存在的局限是相互关联的。这提醒我们在探讨教师反思的问题时,应带有类别意识,并更为清醒地意识到潜藏的问题。     

Practicing What We Preach in Teacher Education: A Critical Whiteness Studies Analysis of Experiential Education

In this article I problematize the reasons for and methods through which I incorporated an opportunity for experiential learning, via a Community Inquiry Project, into my own teaching. I take the stance of a teacher-researcher to closely analyze the specific documents and tasks used to introduce pre-service teachers to the project. I draw on sociocultural approaches to teacher development and literature on experiential education in teacher education to provide a background for the project and the self-study and offer critical whiteness studies as an appropriate lens through which to analyze the various elements of the project. Findings from this study suggest that the project limited the pre-service teachers’ characterizations of community, understandings of sociocultural approaches to learning, relationships to the community, and perceptions of the role of community in teaching. I draw on these findings to suggest that teacher educators share their reflective practices with their students and learn about the diverse experiences of the pre-service teachers themselves to better prepare them to inquire into and draw on knowledge of communities as they work with diverse populations of students.     

“初遇” 还是“重逢”——从教师的角度对教育的几点反思

李大圣教授的讲学有一股强大的力量,颠覆了长期以来许多习以为常又自以为是的固有视线和思维习惯,引起了几点反思：＂什么是真正的学习＂、＂道与技,书与人,诸重诸轻＂、＂教师专业成长中,什么是最可贵＂,这些反思促使当下偏离正道的教育意识努力寻找回归之路,教师角色定位得以重新回到＂人的发展＂这一原点之上。     

我国特级教师制度与特级教师研究的回顾与反思

特级教师是我国为表彰特别优秀的中小幼教师而特设的一种兼有先进性和专业性的教师称号。在回顾特级教师制度的建立、发展脉络及趋势的基础上,提出了制度中值得探讨的问题,指出了制度具体操作中的不足。通过对特级教师研究文献的回顾,提出了特级教师研究中存在的主要问题是:理论界对特级教师研究关注不够;研究内容过于单一,主要涉及到特级教师的经验。     

Teacher assessment literacy in practice: A reconceptualization

This paper aims to reconceptualize teacher assessment literacy (AL) by connecting two fields of research: educational assessment and teacher education. It begins with a scoping review of AL studies. By synthesizing and analyzing 100 studies on teacher AL, a new conceptual framework of teacher assessment literacy in practice (TALiP) is proposed. This framework is illustrated by a discussion of the various components of teacher AL and their interrelationships. This paper concludes with the theoretical contributions of the framework, a working definition of TALiP, and implications for policy and practice of assessment education.     

The Promise of Teacher Inquiry and Reflection: Early Childhood Teachers as Change Agents

In this article, a preschool teacher and an early childhood teacher educator describe and analyze their work co-creating and co-facilitating an early childhood inquiry group over seven years. The group consisted of veteran lead teachers, assistant teachers, instructional coaches, and an outside teacher educator at an urban, public preschool in San Francisco, California. Using the framework of narrative inquiry and portraiture, the article tells the story of the group’s formation, its structure, and its benefits for the participants’ personal and professional growth. The authors argue that an inquiry group is a highly viable, home-grown form of professional growth that relies on the group as a forum for self-study and reflection. The inquiry group provided the teachers with an increased understanding of child development and instructional strategies, a trusting public forum for sharing and validating their inquiry and teaching, and a communal opportunity to make visible the voices of teachers, children, and families.     

Electronic Portfolios in Teacher Education: A Case Study of Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

The use of electronic portfolios is increasingly becoming popular in teacher education programs. The electronic portfolio allows learners to express their work and take ownership over their own ability to plan and assess and reflect upon their learning during a specific period of time. While many teacher education programs have adopted electronic portfolios in order to meet accreditation requirements, others use electronic portfolios to develop and improve on students’ technology skills—train students on how to better use technology in instruction and student assessment. Irrespective of the reasons for adoption, there is the need to assess students’ perceptions of electronic portfolios, and especially to explore the benefits and challenges students face in using electronic portfolios in their course work. Using a qualitative research design, the current study explored teacher candidates’ attitudes toward electronic portfolios and the differences that electronic portfolios bring to their profession. Such a study is necessary to help administrators identify students’ needs to ensure that they are gaining the maximum benefits from the use of electronic portfolios in their programs of study.     

Teacher education, preservice teacher beliefs, and the moral work of teaching

This paper presents a case for attending to preservice teachers’ beliefs that are relevant to the moral work of teaching within teacher education research and practice, and examines what it would look like to do so. The case for attending to candidate beliefs is grounded in a learner-centered approach to teacher education and in the literature on the role of beliefs in teacher learning and change. The authors demonstrate how attending to preservice teacher beliefs is particularly critical for the task of preparing candidates for the moral work of teaching, and present a conceptual framework that can guide that task and teacher education research and practice designed to support it.     

Teacher motivation,quality instruction,and student outcomes: Not a simple path

In this commentary, I briefly describe the assumptions of the researchers, then consider what we have learned from the studies in this issue about the links between teacher motivation, instruction, and student perceptions and how best to study these links. Next, I describe three surprises and two concerns about the work reported. In discussing the implications of the research in this issue, I raise several questions that could be investigated to help us understand why teacher and student perceptions might differ and what can be done to bring them into better alignment. Finally, I explore some implications of these studies for teacher education.     

教学反思与教师专业发展

教学反思既是一个从发现问题到解决问题的过程,也是一个教师专业素质持续发展的过程。教学反思是教师专业发展的重要机制,它在教师的教育信念、专业知识、专业能力以及职业道德感等方面为促进教师的专业发展提供了可能。但并不是任何教学反思都能促进教师的专业发展。借助教学反思,促进教师专业发展,要求教师必须具备积极的情感、全面合理的知识和正确的归因模式以及良好的意志品质等科学反思的素质。     

教育改革中教师改变的困境与反思

教师在教育改革的过程中曾只是作为被改革的对象，在通过培训、指导、引领等关于改革知识、能力的认识更新之后，只剩下压力、疲惫与挫败感，教师面对一次次的改革也渐渐无动于衷。文章试图从改革的复杂性和渐进性理论入手，解读改革过程中的复杂性和教师改变的困境，进而提出四点反思，希望对当前的教育改革衣坼启示，     

Deploying Warrants,Producing Policy: A Self-Study of Teacher Education Policy Discussions

ABSTRACT

The practice of teacher education is inextricably linked to the policy environment in which it occurs. Calls by policymakers and politicians for accountability measures, standardization and performance assessments are efforts to influence the direction of the preparation of educators. In this self-study, I examine my participation in a state-level teacher education policy decision-making body in the United States in order to illuminate how policy decisions are made about teacher education. More specifically, I discuss the kinds of warrants about teacher education practice that I deployed as I navigated the political and practical consequences of policy decisions. This study serves not only to illuminate the nature of policy discussions in teacher education, but also to encourage teacher educators to engage directly the policy-making arenas that implicitly and explicitly influence their work.     

教师反思与职前教师教育改革

教师反思是教师为了提升教育教学实践合理性而进行的自我检查、自我评价和自我修正。反思使教师成为自觉的开放的存在,是教师自我成长之道。职前教师教育应转变培养范式,为反思型教师奠定素质基础：涵养德性,发展反思的动力;提升理性,发展反思的能力。     

美国教师教育的新发展:“城市教师驻校模式”及其对我国的启示

城市教师驻校模式是当前美国教育改革中新出现的一种教师培养模式,是在美国传统的教师教育模式发展无力和美国教师结构短缺现状的背景下应运而生的。这是一种职前职后一体化的教师培养模式,实施过程包括计划的组织和管理、驻校生的招录、教学点和指导教师的选拔、驻校期培养、驻校毕业生的安置以及新教师的入职指导六个部分。它为城市薄弱学校招聘、培养和留住优秀教师提供了一条有效途径。     

Race,culture and agency: Examining the ideologies and practices of U.S. teachers of Black male students

This study examines teachers of Black male students in a United States secondary school setting. Qualitative methods were used to document teachers' ideologies of and practices with their Black male students. In general, teachers drew upon competing structural and cultural explanations of Black male social and academic outcomes, while also engaging in practices that contested school barriers for Black males. Teacher beliefs about and practices with their Black male students were inconsistent in many ways, yet their agency on behalf of Black males might be understood as essential to Black male educational progress.     

Reflections on the Teacher Education System Overhaul (TESO) program in Ethiopia: Promises, pitfalls, and propositions

In 2003 the Ethiopian education system experienced wide-ranging reform that touches every aspect of the system. This reform is called TESO (Teacher Education System Overhaul). Designed to address educational problems in Ethiopia, TESO introduced significant structural changes and promised to bring a ‘paradigm shift’ in the Ethiopian educational system by engaging teacher education in changing society and promoting democratic, practical, and problem-solving education. This paper examines, through an analysis of the TESO document and an examination of the views of teacher educators, TESO’s assumptions, mission and the coherence among the various components of TESO. It also reveals gaps and discrepancies between TESO’s mission, its reform process, and strategies. The promise and assumptions of TESO are challenged by considering extant realities in Ethiopian schools and evidence from literature on effective teacher education programs and educational reform. The paper reflects on how, by giving priority to equity, TESO compromises on some elements of effective teacher education programs. It is indicated that TESO has been a welcome addition to the Ethiopian education system as it addresses elements that had previously been missing from the system, such as, outlining directions to teacher education, devoting longer duration for practicum, and heeding seriously to the professional preparation of teachers. At the same time, it is contended that the imbalance among program components, its permeability to ill-prepared students and the contradiction between program rhetoric and strategy and reform processes, as described by teacher educators, could be stumbling blocks which prevent TESO from fulfilling its promises.     

反思的价值取向与反思型教师的培养

20世纪80年代,兴起于北美和欧洲大陆的反思型教师教育运动,以燎原之势迅速影响到了世界范围的教师教育界,至今方兴未艾.在此背景下,本文着重探讨了教学反思的五种价值取向的内涵,分析了反思型教师教育中的培养模式和认知发展水平,从纵、横两个维度阐述了研究者对这一问题的不同理解,以期为我国反思型教师的培养提供一些帮助.     

Teacher self-assessment: A mechanism for facilitating professional growth

Self-assessment is a powerful technique for improving achievement. In this article we outline a theory of teacher change that links self-assessment by teachers to their professional growth. This theory provides avenues for peers and change agents to influence teacher practice. We apply the theory to change in mathematics teaching and report an explanatory case study in which use of the self-assessment tool, in combination with other elements, contributed to change in the instructional practice of a grade 8 mathematics teacher. Provision of a self-assessment tool contributed to teacher growth by: (1) influencing the teacher's definition of excellence in teaching and increasing his ability to recognize mastery experiences; (2) helping the teacher select improvement goals by providing him with clear standards of teaching, opportunities to find gaps between desired and actual practices, and a menu of options for action; (3) facilitating communication with the teacher's peer; and (4) increasing the influence of external change agents on teacher practice. The study argues that providing a self-assessment tool is a constructive strategy for improving the effectiveness of in-service provided it is bundled with other professional growth strategies: peer coaching, observation by external change agents, and focused input on teaching strategies