河北省高校贫困大学生心理健康状况调查

采用症状自评量表SCL-90对河北省5所高校976名贫困大学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:贫困大学生心理健康水平与国内大学生常模比较,总体差异显著;在性别和年级上存在差异;在专业上差异不显著。     

Web-based training on learning organization for electrical undergraduate students in Thailand

The purpose of this research was to utilize web-based training （WBT） to enhance students＇ knowledge of learning organization （LO） in a context of electrical technology education in Thailand. The sample chosen for this study included 19 fourth year undergraduate students. The WBT was based on the five disciplines according to Senge （1991） as well as the seven habits of highly effective people （Covey, 1989）. The tools for pre- and post- testing were LO model evaluation and knowledge of LO. The reliability of the instruments was 0.9274 and 0.9905 respectively. The data were analyzed by using mean （M） and standard deviation （SD）, t-test and Pearson product-moment correlation. When pre- and post- tests mean scores of the LO model evaluation and the knowledge of LO were compared, the mean scores of post-test training were greater than the mean scores of pre-test training. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between pre- and post- tests of LO model evaluation and the knowledge of LO. Thus, it can be concluded that the model of WBT can enhance students＇ knowledge of LO in this context.     

Exploring anatomy and physiology using iPad applications

This study examined the use of iPads with anatomy applications (apps) in the laboratory sections of the largest undergraduate course at the university, Anatomy and Physiology, serving more than 300 students. The majority of these students were nursing, exercise science/physical education and biology majors. With a student survey (student opinion) and student practicum grades as metrics, this study determined whether the introduction of this novel mobile technology improved student grades and aided the students in learning the course material. The results indicated that students’ grades improved with the introduction of the iPads, and 78% of the students reported that the iPads facilitated their ability to learn the course material. There was a positive association between frequency of app use and standardized mastery of the course material, as students who used the apps more frequently scored higher and indicated that they felt as though they had learned the material more comprehensively. Owning or having an iPad at home did not have a significant effect on the learning of the material. The general consensus by students was that iPad anatomy apps should be used frequently to better develop student understanding of the course material. Anat Sci Educ 11: 336–345. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

The use of limericks to engage student interest and promote active learning in an undergraduate course in functional anatomy

The study of anatomy is a content-dense discipline with a challenging vocabulary. A mnemonic is a series of letters, a word, a phrase, or a rhyme that students can use when studying to facilitate recall. This project was designed to promote active learning in undergraduate students studying anatomy and physiology by asking them to create limericks based on course content and then to evaluate the limericks written by their peers for learning value, accuracy, style, and adherence to limerick characteristics. Students (278 and 288, respectively, in the 2009 and 2010 sections of ANP1107) worked in groups of three to create a total of 242 limericks. Peer evaluation was accomplished in two stages using a 20-point marking rubric. In Stage 1, students were randomly divided into 10 groups (n = 23 ± 2 students) with each group member evaluating the same 12 ± 1 limericks. In Stage 2, the top 19% of limericks were reevaluated by all students so that the best three could be chosen. In each of the two years, 60% of students completed all parts of the assignment. Higher percentages (75-80%) participated in limerick writing and one of the two assessment stages. A positive association was noted between level of student participation in the limerick assignment and final course marks. Limerick creation and evaluation can be used to promote active learning by encouraging students to review functional-anatomy-based content to create limericks with good learning value and to provide valid assessments of limericks written by their peers.     

Use of interactive live digital imaging to enhance histology learning in introductory level anatomy and physiology classes

Histology is one of the main subjects in introductory college-level Human Anatomy and Physiology classes. Institutions are moving toward the replacement of traditional microscope-based histology learning with virtual microscopy learning amid concerns of losing the valuable learning experience of traditional microscopy. This study used live digital imaging (LDI) of microscopic slides on a SMART board to enhance Histology laboratory teaching. The interactive LDI system consists of a digital camera-equipped microscope that projects live images on a wall-mounted SMART board via a computer. This set-up allows real-time illustration of microscopic slides with highlighted key structural components, as well as the ability to provide the students with relevant study and review material. The impact of interactive LDI on student learning of Histology was then measured based on performance in subsequent laboratory tests before and after its implementation. Student grades increased from a mean of 76% (70.3-82.0, 95% CI) before to 92% (88.8-95.3, 95% CI) after integration of LDI indicating highly significant (P < 0.001) enhancement in students' Histology laboratory performance. In addition, student ratings of the impact of the interactive LDI on their Histology learning were strongly positive, suggesting that a majority of students who valued this learning approach also improved learning and understanding of the material as a result. The interactive LDI technique is an innovative, highly efficient and affordable tool to enhance student Histology learning, which is likely to expand knowledge and student perception of the subject and in turn enrich future science careers.     

关于高中数学课程学习的比较研究--对大学生群体的调查与分析

通过问卷调查,对大学生中男女生之间、城乡学生之间、民族学生之间关于高中数学的学习目的、学习兴趣、学习方法以及对高中数学课程改革的期望的比较研究,得到了一些初步结论,给课程改革提供参考.     

高职艺术类学生学习风格调查与英语教学策略

学生的学习风格如果与教师的教学风格出现错位,会使学生对学科失去信心甚至放弃。文章以高职艺术类学生学习风格问卷调查的结果为基础,探讨了英语教学的策略,旨在帮助英语教师了解艺术类学生的学习风格,针对艺术类学生的视觉-空间优势智能来促进其语言智能的发展,做到学习风格与教学风格的有机结合,提高艺术类学生的英语教学质量。     

Influence of study approaches and course design on academic success in the undergraduate anatomy laboratory

Many pre‐health professional programs require completion of an undergraduate anatomy course with a laboratory component, yet grades in these courses are often low. Many students perceive anatomy as a more challenging subject than other coursework, and the resulting anxiety surrounding this perception may be a significant contributor to poor performance. Well‐planned and deliberate guidance from instructors, as well as thoughtful course design, may be necessary to assist students in finding the best approach to studying for anatomy. This article assesses which study habits are associated with course success and whether course design influences study habits. Surveys (n = 1,274) were administered to students enrolled in three undergraduate human anatomy laboratory courses with varying levels of cooperative learning and structured guidance. The surveys collected information on potential predictors of performance, including student demographics, educational background, self‐assessment ability, and study methods (e.g., flashcards, textbooks, diagrams). Compared to low performers, high performers perceive studying in laboratory, asking the instructor questions, quizzing alone, and quizzing others as more effective for learning. Additionally, students co‐enrolled in a flipped, active lecture anatomy course achieve higher grades and find active learning activities (e.g., quizzing alone and in groups) more helpful for their learning in the laboratory. These results strengthen previous research suggesting that student performance is more greatly enhanced by an active classroom environment that practices successful study strategies rather than one that simply encourages students to employ such strategies inside and outside the classroom. Anat Sci Educ 11: 496–509. © 2018 American Association of Anatomists.     

高校本科专业教学效果影响因素实证研究

文章以J大学工商管理专业为例,调查了276位本科生,在此基础上,通过构建结构方程模型,实证分析了教师教学水平、教师教学方式、学生学习动机、学生学习行为、学生自主学习和教学环境对教学效果的影响,以及在此过程中学习自主性中介作用的发挥情况。研究结果表明,教师的教学方式、教学行为、学生学习行为、教学环境、学习自主性均会显著影响教学效果,且学生的自主学习有显著的中介作用;而学生学习动机对教学效果的影响缺乏显著性。文章分析了实证结果产生的原因,并从高校、教师、学生三方面入手,提出了针对高校本科专业有效提升教学效果的对策建议。     

大学生学习适应性及其影响因素

运用自编问卷对大学生学习适应性及其影响因素进行研究。结果表明:大多数大学生对学习是适应的,不能适应学习的大学生占36.3%;在学习适应性方面,女生优于男生,高年级优于低年级;学习压力三年级最高,学习紧张与焦虑程度四年级最低。教学方法、学习态度、课程设置、学习方法是造成学习适应不良的主要原因,不同性别、专业和年级之间也存在差异。适应良好学生的学习自主性水平较高,自主性作为大学生学习适应的指标之一是可行的。     

The role of attitudinal factors in mathematical on-line assessments: a study of undergraduate STEM students

This study explores student attitudes to the use of substantive on-line assessments that require mathematical answers. Since there is limited guidance available for their use in a university setting, our goal is to learn what are the important aspects in student acceptance of e-assessments that support learning of mathematical subjects in higher education. To that end we analyse the effects of a variety of attitudinal factors towards such assessments amongst a cross-section of first year students in an English university, using a detailed questionnaire. These students were all previously exposed to on-line assessments containing substantial mathematical work, including testing of and feedback on the algebraic structure of their answers, based on identifiable misconceptions underlying these answers. Since students received highly tailored feedback, the expectation was that the usefulness of this feedback would be the key driver in their usage of educational technology. The results indeed suggest that students find on-line feedback more enjoyable and useful than conventional feedback, but enjoyment and attitude are the two most important factors.     

高等学校本科教学面临的挑战与改革

我国高等学校本科教育近年来有了巨大的发展 ,但也面临着严峻的挑战。为应对新形势 ,本科教学必须深化改革 ,进一步转变教育观念 ,调整专业设置与课程体系 ,更新与丰富教学内容 ,改革教学方法 ,以培养适应我国 2 1世纪发展需要的高质量人才。     

Strengthening the central position of undergraduate course teaching in local higher education institutions

Based on the achievements from the educational and teaching reforms conducted in Yanshan University in recent years, and considering the problems arisen from the University＇s development, this paper attempts to explore and illustrate the significance of conducting the teaching-oriented study and discussions, most importantly it provides some reflections on the basic issues in subject construction. Finally, this paper firmly holds the view that strengthening the central position of teaching is of strategic importance to local universities and colleges, therefore, only through placing teaching on the center stage of leaders of various levels and center of all the university＇s activities, at the same time carrying out the guideline for intensifying the principal status of undergraduate education, can Yanshan University rank in well-known high level university in China.     

Resident perceptions of anatomy education: a survey of medical school alumni from two different anatomy curricula and multiple medical specialties

In 2004, the University of Michigan Medical School reduced its gross anatomy curriculum. To determine the effect of this reduction on resident perceptions of their clinical preparedness, we surveyed alumni that included residents from the original and new shortened curricula. A Likert-scale survey was sent to four classes of alumni. Respondents were compared in old curriculum (OC) and new curriculum (NC) groups, surgical specialty (SS) and nonsurgical specialty (NS) groups, and subgroups of SS and NS were compared for differences between OC and NC. Mean response scores were compared using independent samples T-tests. As a single population (n = 110), respondents felt their anatomy education prepared them well for residency, that a more robust anatomy curriculum would be helpful, that dissection was important to their residency preparation, and that a 4th year anatomy elective was effective in expanding their anatomy education and preparing them for residency. No significant difference existed between OC and NC groups, neither as a whole nor as SS and NS subgroups. The SS group felt dissection was more important to their residency preparation than the NS group (P = 0.001) and that a more robust anatomy curriculum would have better prepared them for residency (P = 0.001). Thirty percent of SS respondents who did not take a 4th year elective commented that they wish they had. Fourth year anatomy electives were highly valued by residents, and respondents felt that they should be offered to students as a way of revisiting anatomy following the 1st year of clinical training.     

大学本科教学过程完整性与研究性学习

研究性学习既是大学本科教学过程中的学习方式,又是学习发展环节,它与接受性学习环节一起构成大学本科教学过程完整性的两个基本要素。完整的教学过程,应促进人的潜能的充分开发,体现出不断发展、否定之否定的辩证发展逻辑,体现出主体性的不断生成与发展,体现出主体对知识的认识,体现出从教到不需要教的自身超越性。     

论本科生教学与研究生教学的互馈关系

在高校教育管理中,应运用系统论、控制论方法,在本科生教学与研究生教学之间建立起互馈关系,包括两者之间的前馈关系与后馈关系。对本科生教学与研究生教学之间建立互馈关系具有制约的因素,首先是教育管理的体制因素,其次是由于学科建设中专业建设与学位建设的重点不同,此外是教育管理上缺乏系统管理的科学理念。要建立本科生教学与研究生教学之间互馈的良性机制,就要在深化教育体制改革中加强管理部门之间的协调与交流。在学科建设中加强与完善专业建设与学位建设的结合,在改进教育管理中培养系统管理的科学理念。     

The effects of passive and active learning on student preference and performance in an undergraduate basic science course

Active learning is based on self-directed and autonomous teaching methods, whereas passive learning is grounded in instructor taught lectures. An animal physiology course was studied over a two-year period (Year 1, n = 42 students; Year 2, n = 30 students) to determine the effects of student-led seminar (andragogical) and lecture (pedagogical) teaching methods on students' retention of information and performance. For each year of the study, the course was divided into two time periods. The first half was dedicated to instructor-led lectures, followed by a control survey in which the students rated the efficiency of pedagogical learning on a five-point Likert scale from one (strongly disagree) to five (strongly agree). During the second period, students engaged in andragogical learning via peer-led seminars. An experimental survey was then administered to students using the same scale as above to determine students' preferred teaching method. Raw examination scores and survey results from both halves of the course were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test. By the end of the study, student preference for peer-led seminars increased [mean ± SD: (2.47 ± 0.94)/(4.03 ± 1.36), P < 0.04], and examination scores significantly increased [mean ± SD: (73.91% ± 13.18)/(85.77 ± 5.22), P < 0.001]. A majority of students (68.8%) preferred a method that contained peer-led seminars and instructor-led lectures. These results may indicate that integration of active and passive learning into undergraduate courses may have greater benefit in terms of student preference and performance than either method alone.     

计算机辅助语言教学在少数民族学生英语教学中的应用研究

计算机辅助语言教学已成为英语教学手段中必不可少的一部分,本文从计算机辅助语言教学的本身出发,旨在为如何在少数民族班英语教学中运用计算机辅助语言教学模式提出建议,以此更好地指导教师英语教学,提高少数民族学生英语水平。     

生理教学中应用情境教学模式的研究

为提高生理学授课效率和教学质量,激发同学的学习兴趣,探讨了在生理学教学中创设并应用情境教学模式的科学性、原则、方法及应用效果。