对我国远程教育发展的几点认识

我国远程教育正面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战，应及时调整发展方向，制定出有效的改革方案，以把握机遇，应对挑战。本文主要对我国远程教育发展过程中所出现的若干问题进行探讨，并提出解决问题的建议。     

Transactional distance theory and total quality management in open and distance learning

Abstract

Although our perceptions regarding distance education (DE) have changed significantly, there still remains a perceived lack of quality in the development, management and delivery of DE programmes. Unfortunately, DE offered in developing countries depends largely on first and second-generation delivery modes and relies heavily on print as form of information dissemination. Thus, technological drawbacks are often hailed as the main reason for such setbacks. This article discusses the findings of a comparative study involving an education programme that runs as both a contact and a distance programme. The assessment indices include access, delivery and output, while the Transactional Distance Theory is adopted to ascertain the extent to which the theory accounts for excellence in a given programme. Findings clearly support the importance of the relationships between dialogue, structure and autonomy. However, the researchers proffer that the Transactional Distance Theory should apply not just to learning material, but to the totality of a given programme. Finally, suggestions on enhancing the total quality of programmes in this context include: the introduction of generic courses; provision of bursaries; introduction and decentralisation of pre-orientation programmes, provision of quality learning material; and workable tutoring and counseling systems.     

The Teacher–Learner Relationship: Considerations for Social Work in the Digital Age

ABSTRACT

In light of a rapidly changing educational landscape, this paper will discuss the implications of online education for the teacher–learner relationship, which is a critical aspect of academic and professional development for the social work student. As technology revolutionizes relationships, how will we ensure the intra-and interpersonal nature of social work education? The pursuit of accessible and flexible educational opportunities presently driving social work education threatens to undermine this important alliance. The centrality of relationship is discussed here in the context of current trends in distance learning. Relational-Cultural Theory and Transactional Distance Theory are posited to provide evidence for the significance of relationship in learning.     

现代远程教育中学生支持的发展方向

本文的研究目的是从国际视角，概括和总结在新的教学环境中，学生学习支持的最新变化，其中包括以下几个方面：第一、术语和作用的变化；第二、学生支持的内容框架；第三、以学生为中心的学习环境的主要特征；第四、辅导教师角色和作用的变化。作者希望借本文与我国现代远程教育实践工作者，分享世界现代远程教育发展的趋势，同时为现代远程教育机构有效利用信息技术提高学生支持的水平提供理论参考。     

远程网络教育学习支持服务体系构建的研究

"远程网络教育学习支持服务体系构建的研究"紧密结合远程网络教育的发展实际,对远程网络教育的学习支持服务体系构建的基本依据、基本原则和基本内容进行了较为深入的研究,对我国远程网络教育学习支持服务的实践模式和现状等进行调查分析,在此基础上构建了远程教育学习支持服务体系的基本框架,具有一定的创新意义和现实指导意义及推广价值。     

我国现代远程教育运行现状及质量保证措施——基于“在京现代远程教育校外学习中心评估”的研究

我国现代远程教育试点工作开展9年来,在办学模式、教学模式、管理模式、服务模式、技术模式、资源建设、质量监管、管理体制和运行机制等方面进行了有益的探索和实践,取得了许多有价值的经验和成果.学习中心作为连接学习者和主办校的桥梁,它将客观地反映我国现代远程教育的运行状况和教学质量.本文基于"在京现代远程教育校外学习中心和公共服务体系数字化学习示范中心检查评估",从指导思想和规范办学、基础设施、学习资源与应用、人员与结构、学习支持服务、教学管理等多个层面侧面反映我国现代远程教育运行现状及存在的问题,并在分析问题的基础上指出,我国现代远程教育在今后发展中应进一步明晰主办校和学习中心的职责;关注学习活动设计,引导学生主动学习;关注实践教学环节;重视内隐行为评价;加强从业人员培训;完善质量监管和评估指标体系,评估权重向学习支持服务以及网络资源应用倾斜.     

现代远程教育支持服务环境的构建

远程教育是一个服务性行业,如何构建一个学习者满意的支持服务环境?本文系统地论述了远程教育支持服务环境的基础框架,所涉及的二方面要素——社会人文环境和科学技术环境,构筑支持服务环境, 同时建立远程教育质量管理规范来保障支持服务质量。这对保障和提高远程教育的支持服务质量有着十分重要的现实意义和社会价值。     

Embracing distance education in a blended learning model: challenges and prospects

Abstract

Distance education reaches out to non-traditional students in geographically dispersed locations, who are unable to attend face-to-face classes. Contact institutions have been quick to realise the many advantages of distance (online) learning, such as easy access to learning materials, interactive activities, assessment and communication tools. However, the path to anything approaching dual-mode provision has not been without obstacles. In South Africa in the early 2000s, the Council on Higher Education reinforced the mandate of distance education universities and decreed that contact institutions should not encroach on this territory. Subsequently, various frameworks and guidelines emerged which can inform current consideration of dual-mode provision. This practitioner report presents two case studies (University of Pretoria, South Africa; and University of Oxford, United Kingdom) which explore the implications for contact institutions in expanding their provision to include distance education.     

Development and Validation of an Instrument for Assessing Distance Education Learning Environments in Higher Education: The Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new learning environments instrument designed to aid investigators and practitioners in measuring and researching the psychosocial learning environment in post-secondary distance education. Using a three-stage approach, the Distance Education Learning Environments Survey (DELES) was developed, field-tested with 680 distance education students, and then validated. The DELES has 34 items allocated to six scales: (1) Instructor Support; (2) Student Interaction and Collaboration; (3) Personal Relevance; (4) Authentic Learning; (5) Active Learning; and (6) Student Autonomy. An additional scale of Enjoyment was included in this study to explore associations between the psychosocial learning environment and student affective traits. Each learning environment item had a factor loading of at least 0.50 with its own scale, and less than 0.50 with all other scales. The alpha reliability coefficient for each scale ranged from 0.75 to 0.94. Simple correlations between Enjoyment and the DELES scales ranged from 0.12 to 0.31, with the scale of Personal Relevance having the strongest correlation with Enjoyment when all other scales were mutually controlled. The DELES, an online instrument that can be utilized by students at any location, eliminates data transfer errors and does not allow for non-responses, adding to the overall validity of the instrument. The development of DELES relied extensively on literature pertaining to high-quality distance education and expert content validation techniques. It treats distance learning as having a distinct social-psychological climate unlike those found in other post-secondary classroom environments.     

中国远程教育的新使命：提升公民科学素质

中国远程教育创办30年来成就功不可没,为中国经济和社会进步做出了突出贡献。随着时代的发展,中国远程教育又有新的使命摆在面前：提升公民的科学素质。为此,中国远程教育应采取四项措施来完成这一使命,即利用远程教学手段,开展科学技术的传播;利用远程教学方式,开展科学课教师的培训;利用远程教育特点,开展科学课教材的编写工作;利用远程教育影响,开展与其他组织机构的合作。     

Time on task in intensive modes of delivery

This paper reports on an investigation into how staff teaching in compressed courses can encourage student engagement and enhance student use of learning time, despite significant restraints of time as well as distance. Typically these courses (described here as units) are expected to have comparable learning outcomes to their full-semester counterparts and provide an opportunity for students to either retake failed units or to acquire credit for their chosen degrees in accelerated time. Organising teaching and learning through intensive modes of delivery may require different approaches to curriculum development and pedagogy compared to traditional unit planning and delivery, especially when the intensive delivery utilises online technologies. This paper explores strategies employed by successful intensive mode teachers in the development and delivery units for maximised student engagement. It concludes that many of these strategies are equally applicable in online and distance education regardless of the unit being intensive or otherwise.     

远程教育具有较优的成本-效益吗？——访远程教育经济学知名学者托马斯·赫尔斯曼博士

一直以来,远程教育被认为是具有较优的成本-效益,并为广大的发展中国家用于扩大其国民接受教育机会的手段。但是,随着信息技术的发展以及教育需求的变化,在线学习等学习形式的涌现,远程教育的这种优势是否发生了变化, 它还具备原来所拥有的成本-效益优势吗?带着这些问题,本刊记者特别专访了德国籍国际远程教育领域知名学者托马斯·赫尔斯曼博士。托马斯·赫尔斯曼(Thomas Hulsmann)主要从事远程教育经济学研究,重点是开放与远程学习的成本-效益研究。早期,赫尔斯曼作为德国技术联合会的工作人员,在非洲的一些国家从事数学教学工作长达十多年,并于1994年在马达加斯加开发数学教材时转入远程教育领域。目前,他就职于德国奥登堡大学远程教育中心。赫尔斯曼多年来综合前人的研究成果,开创了自成体系的远程教育的成本-效益研究和实证研究方法,对欧洲多个国家的远程教育机构做了实证分析,取得了目前为止对远程教育成本-效益分析最出色的实证分析成果。     

远程教育：服务全民学习、终身教育的平台——“中美远程教育培训·交流·研究”

2011年9月16日-18日,“中美远程教育培训·交流·研究”会议在南京举行。来自中关两国的专家、学者围绕“远程教育：服务全民学习、终身教育的平台”这一主题,就特殊人群的远程教育服务、远程教育的教与学、远程教育课程认证与共享机制、远程教育教师的专业能力与职业化、远程教育在学习型组织建设中的作用,新技术在远程教育中的应用等方面进行了交流和探讨。此次会议对于推动中羡双方在远程教育研究领域的互动合作有着积极的作用。     

Integrating assessment for learning in the teacher education programme at the University of Oslo

Abstract

This article provides an analysis of the integration of assessment for learning principles in the newly revised five-year Master of Education programme at the University of Oslo, Norway, across didactic subjects, pedagogy and school practice. The analysis draws on lecture notes, student videos and student exam papers among 143 student teachers, aiming to identify (a) the operationalisation of the assessment curriculum at the university campus, and in school practice, (b) how the student teachers use assessment principles as tools in their instructional designs and (c) how they self-assess their teaching practice. Our main finding is that student teachers seem to be more concerned with assessing their students than using self-assessment to improve their instruction. Based on the findings, we argue the importance of relating the teaching and learning activities with the assessment situations used in the teacher education programme.     

浅谈远程教育中自主学习能力的培养

目前，如何提升学习者的自主学习能力，促使学习者尽早适应新的教学模式已成为了远程教育研究领域中的一个重要课题。本文通过介绍三个有代表性的自主学习模型，基于它们对自主学习心理机制所作的阐释，试就如何培养远程学习者的自主学习能力进行了论述。     

国际远程教育研究的现状与挑战——专访国际远程教育著名专家迈克尔·穆尔博士

迈克尔·穆尔博士(Michael G.Moore),美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学学习和绩效系统系教育学教授,《美国远程教育杂志》主编,国际远程教育界著名的理论家和实践家,美国远程教育研究与实践的开拓者之一。在实践方面,他创办了美国第一本远程教育杂志——《美国远程教育杂志》(1987),在美国组织召开了第一个远程教育研讨会(1988),成立了美国第一个远程教育研究中心(1989);在理论方面,他提出了著名的远程教育独立学习和交互距离理论,编辑出版了多部远程教育著作,包括新近出版的远程教育百科全书——《远程教育手册》。     

面向服务的现代远程教育管理模型

随着远程教育电子政务系统推进和服务型政府建设,远程教育管理逐步走向信息化和服务化。在此背景下,论文探索应用新公共服务理论分析现代远程教育管理要素及其内容,进而构建面向服务的现代远程教育管理模型,为更好地认识服务视角下的远程教育管理,进一步建构面向服务的现代远程教育管理信息系统模型服务。     

中欧高等职业技术远程教育信息服务系统

天津高等职业技术远程教育服务系统是中欧国际科技合作项目“多级远程教育培训中心”的重要组成部分 ,是欧盟与中国政府在信息和通讯技术领域的共建项目之一。文章首先对中欧科技合作项目的任务进行了简要介绍 ;概述了构建高等职业技术远程教育服务系统的总体思路和体系结构模型 ;阐述了远程教育服务系统软件结构 ;说明了远程教育服务系统的主要功能 ;重点论述了所包含的各功能模块的技术要点     

远程教育的成本构成及变化趋势——来自北京大学医学网络教育学院的实证分析

本文基于教育经济学的成本理论,结合远程教育形式的特点,创建了医学远程教育成本的分析模型.根据该模型,实证分析了北京大学医学网络教育学院近年来的教育成本构成及变化趋势.研究结果表明,医学远程教育有着显著的规模经济效应和正外部性效应,随着招生规模的扩大,其成本效益优势日益明显.     

远程教育教师导学理念的回归

电大20我年的发展里程清楚地告诉人们，导学理念的成功建树对于电大教育事业和现代远程教育的健康发展具有极为重要的意义，汲取电大发展里程的成功经验，发扬电大早期发展过程中教师所具有的那种先进的导学理念及其表现出来的艰苦创业精神，结合现代教育技术环境，从内容到形式，从手段到广泛，一点一滴地构建起导学支持服务体系，乃是推进“人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点”的积极行为。