用Origin计算并绘制双液系T-X相图

考虑温度对蒸发焓的影响,导出了理想双液系液-气平衡时两相的组成与温度的定量关系。以Pb-Sn系统为实例,利用Origin7.0自动计算并绘制了T-X相图,不需编程,方法简便,结果令人满意。     

理想双液系T-X图的计算

导出了理想双液系T-X图液相线和气相线的计算公式,并以苯-甲苯双液系为例进行实际计算,结果令人满意.     

聚醚砜铸膜液三元相图的计算

以Flory-Huggins理论为基础上，改进了Marquardt法（非线性最小二乘法）。编程计算了PES-DMAc-H2O铸膜液体系的浊点线（Binodal）和旋节线（Spinodal）方程，画出三元相图。     

水——无机化合物相图

无机化合物的水溶液是实验室和工业上必不可少的系统。理解水溶液的相行为对于了解试剂的性能至关重要。本文介绍了我们周围一些重要无机化合物水溶液的相图,分析了有蒸气相共存时的相平衡,着重探索了相图的实际应用。旨在激发学生运用相图解决实际问题的兴趣。     

稀溶液依数性的相图解析与应用

稀溶液依数性是指稀溶液中依赖溶质数量的物理性质．通过阐述稀溶液依数性的数学函数关系和相图分析方法,分析了依数性在人们生活与生产实践中的应用实例,有利于提高学生运用基本理论解决实际问题的能力．     

折光率法测定苯酚-正庚烷相图和苯酚在若干溶剂中的浓度

发展了一种快速测量中等浓度苯酚的简明方法,对于在线检测具有一定实用意义。用折光率法测定了常压下45℃到60℃间苯酚在无水乙醇、正戊醇、氯仿、四氯化碳、正庚烷中的浓度和苯酚-正庚烷的部分相图。首先进行了方法可靠性和精密度验证。对环己烷-甲醇体系,进行了平衡时间与折光率测量,得出振荡2小时,静止1小时,折光率趋于稳定,误差小于0.05%,从而确定本装置下实验条件为恒温振荡2小时、静止1小时。我们对苯酚-正戊醇体系进行了回收率实验,实验表明回收率可达98.36%。测得45℃、52℃、60℃下的各组工作曲线,曲线表明折光率与溶质浓度在15%以下可用直线近似,在大浓度范围偏离线性关系。因此,在15%以下,可用线性关系求得溶质浓度,超过这一范围,必须用实测工作曲线,才能减少误差。从曲线的等间隔可以看出:同一浓度下,在小温度范围内,线性关系成立。作为实例,我们研究了苯酚-正庚烷体系,这是一个两相体系。首先测定了苯酚-正庚烷体系在两个单相区域的工作曲线。在15%浓度范围内都是一条直线,但它们的斜率竟差4倍。由不同温度下的工作曲线,得到了苯酚-正庚烷体系的部分相图。实验表明,用本方法测量中等浓度苯酚是一种简明、快速而有相当正确度的实用方法。     

自蔓延高温合成层状Ti_3SiC_2陶瓷的相形成过程

采用自蔓延高温合成方法,以Ti、Si、C粉为原料合成了层状Ti3SiC2陶瓷材料,用X射线衍射分析了燃烧合成产物的相组成,并结合反应物体系的差热分析和X射线衍射分析探讨了自蔓延高温合成Ti3SiC2的相形成过程,进而建立Ti-C-Si体系在自蔓延燃烧合成反应过程的物理模型.     

氧化铝层状结构陶瓷的研究进展

层状结构陶瓷以其独特结构和优异性能成为陶瓷材料的研究热点.本文综述了氧化铝层状结构陶瓷的设计、制备并分析比较了各种制备方法的优缺点,详细介绍了其优异力学性能和摩擦学性能,并对其发展趋势做了展望.     

含二氧化锆陶瓷的热力学

Thermodynamic assessment in the ternary systems ZrO2 -CeO2 -Y2 O3, ZrO2 -CeO2 -Ce2 03 and the limiting binaries ZrO2 -Y2 O3, ZrO2 -CeO2, CeO2 -Y2 03, ZrO2 -Ce2O3, CeO2 -Ce2O3 as well as the modeling for oxides are reviewed comprehensively. Based on the recent estimations on the YO1.5-CeO2, ZrO2-CeO2 and ZrO2 -YO1.6 systems, isothermal sections at 1273 and 1 973 K of the ternary CeO2- ZrO2-YO1.5system are calculated. In the system of ZrO2-CeO2-Ce2O3, the complex relation between the nonstoichiometry （y） in CeO2-x, the composition of the ZrO2 -CeO2 solid solution and the oxygen partial pressure （Po2 ） for different ZrO2 containing solid solutions CexZr1-xO2-x. are evaluated from 1 473 to 1 773 K. The relation between the degree of Ce^＋4 reduction to Ce.3 under different Po2 in the fluorite CeO2-xy and CexZr1-xOz-x solid solutions at different temperatures can be used as a guide in the development of functional ceramics.     

二元合金相图实验数据的自动采集与处理

研究将微型计算机控制技术应用于物理化学实验中，使用微型计算机自动采集、显示和分析合金样品的温度数据，绘制步冷曲线和相图，实现了二元合金相图实验数据的自动采集与处理。     

一个非线性力学问题的理论分析和数值模拟研究

应用非线性动力学的原理和方法,从理论上分析了不动点的类型,并通过数值计算作出了相同初始条件、不同参数情况下质点运动相平面上的相轨迹,从而更加全面、直观地得出了不同参数条件下质点的运动情况．     

Co-Pi和Cu2O共修饰TiO2薄膜及其光电化学性质研究

用阳极氧化法在Ti基片上制备出TiO2薄膜,然后通过电化学沉积法将Co-Pi和Cu2O沉积在TiO2薄膜表面.通过扫描电镜、X-射线衍射和光电化学性质测试,发现TiO2薄膜表面先沉积Co-Pi能够有效阻止Cu2O颗粒堆积,光电流显著提高.而先沉积Cu2O后沉积Co-Pi,则会使Cu2O还原为Cu,同时形貌发生改变.特别地,沉积300秒Co-Pi后再沉积Cu2O颗粒,能得到200 mA/cm2的最大光电流.     

DyCl3-KCl和DyCl3-CaCl2体系相图的热力学优化计算

1 Introduction Molten salts are considered to be used as fluid tar-gets in the nuclear incineration of transuranic elementswith proto accelerators .The molten salts are also usedas the media in high temperature chemical reprocess-ing of spent nuclear fuel of fast reactors .The phase di-agrams of rare earth metal halides in combination withalkali metal halide systems are of pri me i mportance inapplication. The thermodynamic properties and phase diagramsof the DyCl3-MClnsystems ( M =alkali or…     

复合固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-SnO2的制备及催化合成己酸异戊酯的研究

合成了复合固体超强酸S2O8^2-／ZrO2-SnO2,研究了SnO2的最佳添加量,并将其应用于催化合成己酸异戊酯的反应,考查了最佳反应条件．SnO2的最佳添加量为2．0％,最佳反应条件为0．10mol己酸使用1．0g复合固体超强酸催化剂,醇酸摩尔比2．0,反应时间为2．5h,己酸的酯化率可达96％以上,而且不污染环境．     

Fabrication and Properties of 3Y-TZP/ZrO2 / Al2O3/MgO Ceramics

Studies on the sintering, microstructure, mechanical properties and low temperature degradation behavior of yttria stabilized-tetragonal zirconia polycrystal （3Y-TZP） were carried out. The results show that the addition of Al2O3 and MgO improve the sintering at low temperatures, and cause exaggerated grain growth and the transformation of tetragonaI-ZrO2 to monoclinic-ZrO2 with corresponding changes in the mechanical properties. The addition of the yttria-free monoclinic zirconia particles change the overall yttria distribution and induce an active transformation toughening mechanism. Furthermore, the dispersed yttria-free ZrO2 can inhibit the tetragonal zirconia transformation, which is beneficial to the improvement of the low temperature degradation behavior of 3Y- TZP ceramics.     

Thermodynamic optimization of the DyCl_3-KCl and DyCl_3-CaCl_2 systems

1 Introduction Molten salts are considered to be used as fluid tar-gets in the nuclear incineration of transuranic elementswith proto accelerators .The molten salts are also usedas the media in high temperature chemical reprocess-ing of spent nuclear fuel of fast reactors .The phase di-agrams of rare earth metal halides in combination withalkali metal halide systems are of pri me i mportance inapplication. The thermodynamic properties and phase diagramsof the DyCl3-MClnsystems ( M =alkali or…     

纳米稀土复合固体超强酸对己酸烯丙酯的催化合成研究

以纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-2%Nd2O3为催化剂,通过己酸与烯丙醇反应合成己酸烯丙酯.探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响,正交实验结果表明:SO42-/ZrO2-2%Nd2O3固体超强酸具有良好的催化活性,醇酸物质的量比为2:1,反应时间为2.5h,带水剂甲苯20mL,催化荆用量为反应物料总质量的3.0%时,酯化率达98.2%.该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用,具有价廉易得、催化效果好、操作简单、无环境污染等优点.     

Preparation and characterization of mesoporous indium oxide

Indium oxide nanocrystals with mesoporous structure were successfully synthesized by using triblock copolymer as a template, and characterized by thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimeter (TG-DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and N₂ adsorption. A high EO/PO ratio is thought to be the key point to prepare mesoporous In₂O₃. The results show that the average pore diameter of the products is 6 nm, the BET surface area is 54.78 m²/g, and the adsorbing pore volume is 0.345 cm³/g. After comparing with normal indium oxide nanoparticles by BET test, mesoporous indium oxide demonstrates a large difference in adsorbing pore volume and average pore diameters from normal ones. Project supported by the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (Grant No.J50102)     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of liquid phase sintered silicon carbide composites

Silicon carbide (SiC) composites were prepared by hot-press sintering from α-SiC starting powders with BaAl2Si2O8 (BAS). The effects of additives on densification, microstructure, flexural strength, and fracture behavior of the liquid phase sintered (LPS) SiC composites were investigated. The results show that the served BAS effectively promotes the densification of SiC composites. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the SiC composites can reach a maximum value of 454 MPa and 5.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively, for 40% (w/w) BAS/SiC composites. SiC grain pullout, crack deflection, and crack bridging were main toughening mechanisms for the sintered composites.