记者与采访对象的非言语交流及其心理效应

记者与采访对象的交流,既有言语交流,又有非言语交流。记者的提问艺术及其心理效应值得研究,采访中的非言语交流及其心理效应也不容忽视。在采访过程中,记者如果能根据采访对象的情绪和心境,采用适当的体态语言,能开创良好的采访局面;同时,记者如果能根据不同的采访情境来决定自己的穿戴,对采访也能起到促进作用。     

Culture and early social interactions. The example of mother-infant object play in African and native French Families

Data from cross-cultural studies on parental behaviour during early social interaction suggest that structural and universal features should be differentiated from culturally specific ones. No direct relations can be assumed to exist between specific forms of child rearing and development of skills in the child. However child rearing practices can have long term effects and affect social behaviours. As an illustration, we compare interactive styles of 40 French and African mothers living in Paris in an object play situation, with their 10 and 15 month-olds. French mothers’ interactions with their children are illustrative of tight connections between verbal and non-verbal behaviour. Action is the basis or anchor point for verbal exchange; and this repetition or verbal redundnacy yields discourse-on-actions which to a certain extent distances the action and allows for a generalization process to take place. In contrast, African mothers’ interactions with their infants present less verbal scaffolding of non-verbal behaviour. This type of interaction allows for a greater «disjunction» or separation of non-verbal and verbal communication. African cultures do not assign the spoken word with the educational function of structuring and planning activities. However, the models generated by the school system correspond to other types of obligations which are strongly affected by temporal perspectives.     

以非语言交际能力为目标的新型大学英语教学模式探究

人类交际是由语言交际和非语言交际构成的。探索大学英语教学中如何培养学生非语言交际的能力则具有重要意义。教师以课文中非语言交际的例子为素材,设计课堂任务活动,结合任务型教学法和交际法,并通过对学生的访谈进行总结和反馈,这就是新型的更加有效的大学英语课堂教学模式。     

从关联理论看电视访谈嘉宾如何理解主持人话语

电视访谈节目作为口头会话的一种,具有独特的会话背景。作为访谈节目主要的参与者,主持人和嘉宾通过互动实现信息的传递。本文从关联理论的角度出发,探讨在电视该谈节目中嘉宾如何解读主持人的话语以期达到两者之间更好的交流效果。     

非言语信息的心理学基础及其在教育实践中的运用

非言语信息是国内外心理学家十分关注的一个研究课题.本文在对已有的相关研究总结和分析的基础上,揭示了非言语信息的定义,特点、教育中的功能及其在教育实践中的应用.     

采访中的移情

善于移情是一种人际交往能力。采访活动是记者与采访对象之间的人际交往活动。在这个交往过程中,记者运用移情,有助于了解采访对象的社会需要,有助于用自己的情绪感染采访对象,使采访顺利进行。     

如何了解和掌握采访对象的心理

新闻采访是新闻工作为新闻报道所进行的调查研究过程，如何了解和掌握采访对象的心理尤为重要，笔从年龄，性别，化水平及所从事的职业等方面试图进行分析，以求获得最佳采访效果。     

浅析非语言行为与大学英语教学

人类的交际方式主要有两种:语言交际和非语言交际.非语言行为是文化习得的结果,受到文化的制约和影响,并且在跨文化交际中起着非常重要的作用.英语教学要通过语言交际和非语言交际来完成.因此在英语教学中要充分发挥教师引导作用,运用非语言行为创造良好的课堂氛围,培养学生的非语言交际意识.     

非语言交际在高职综合英语教学中的应用

非语言交际总是与语言交际相伴相生。每一次语言交际都需要一种或多种非语言交际的参与。随着研究的深入,发现非语言交际在高职英语教学中也发挥着应有作用。正确区分语言交际与非语言交际、合理看待非语言交际与跨文化交际的关系、分析高职英语教学的现状对推动非语言交际与教学的融合具有重要意义。应该重视学生非语言交际能力的提高,规范教学中的非语言行为,丰富非语言交际策略,建立健全综合英语教学评估体系,从而促使非语言交际在高职综合英语教学中的有效应用。     

双重代码理论及其在英语阅读理解教学中的应用

双重代码理论认为,人类的大脑具有语言和非语言两套表现系统,语言系统处理语言信息,非语言系统处理非语言的输入。读者在使用语言系统的同时,会激发非语言系统,从而产生相应的意象和情感反应。对于外语的阅读教学来说,指导学生有意识地利用意象和情感反应以及隐喻是有效的教学方法。     

谈非语言交际中的体态语

在非语言交际领域,正如在语言交际领域一样,化起着重要的支配作用。本就“体态语”这一非语言交际的重要组成部分在化交流中的影响,来说明非语言交际与化差异的密切关系,并进一步指出：无论是在日常的交际中或是在外语教学中,都应充分认识到这点,才能有效地提高跨化的结果。     

跨文化交际中的非语言语用失误分析

人类的交际包括语言和非语言交际,其中非语言交际在交际中起着十分重要的作用。由于非语言行为不能与文化分割,所以交际双方在跨文化交际中可能会因文化背景的差异而导致非语言语用失误。本文试图从身势语。副语言,客体语以及环境语等方面来探讨非语言语用失误行为及其在不同文化中的表现差异,并对如何培养和提高跨文化非语言交际能力提出一些建议。     

Taking a stance through visual texts: novice teachers as educational agents

Drawing on qualitative methodologies that integrate verbal and non-verbal texts, this study investigated novice teachers’ attributions of their experiences of internship, as conveyed through a visual text. Novices were invited to design a visual text that represented their experience during internship, as part of a national call entitled ‘Novices in Poster.’ The posters submitted yielded the publication of 127 published posters, which constituted the data for our study. The visual data were analyzed using a multilayered approach to the analysis of visual texts, drawing on Lemke’s analysis of visual and verbal data as complementary channels for obtaining an integrative interpretation of the expressed experience. Findings indicate that novices expose critical stances in relation to activism, collegiality, and leverage, making public their unique potential to improve the educational system. The visual texts underscored novices’ strong social–professional stances towards teaching, positioning them as delegates and agents striving for professional justice.     

非言语行为与跨文化交际

语言是交际的工具,是文化的载体。非言语是语言交际的补充,作为语言交际时的伴随性特征并同时具有语言功能。人们在交际中只注重语言交际,而往往忽略非言语交际作为信息传递的重要地住。文章主要对语言与非言语的关系、非言语交际分类、非言语交际的特征、非言语交际的功能做了简要阐述,并探讨了在跨文化交际中如何解决非言语手段带来的文化冲突。     

英日德文化因素对非言语交际行为影响的对比研究

言语行为和非言语行为共同构成了人类的交际行为。与言语行为相比,后者的受重视程度显然不够。从文化差异角度出发,以英国、日本和德国的三部电视剧为研究对象,选取"道歉"这一场景的数据,对言语行为和非言语行为发生比例进行对比,分析文化和非言语行为的关系,从而得出结论:非言语行为与言语行为一样,是交际行为的重要组成部分,不同国家的人们非言语行为的不同往往源于文化的差异。     

Triadic interaction in clinical task-based interviews with mathematics teachers

A clinical task-based interview can be seen as a situation where the interviewer–interviewee interaction on a task is regulated by a system of explicit and implicit norms, values, and rules. This paper describes how documenting and mapping triadic interaction among the interviewer, the interviewee, and the knowledge negotiated can be used to increase procedural replicability of the interview and accuracy of drawn conclusions about the interviewee’s thinking process. Excerpts from interviews with 25 inservice mathematics teachers working on a task to make up a problem whose solution requires division of two fractions are discussed. The excerpts illustrate the relationship between methodological decisions taken by the interviewer during the interview and the applicability of the interview output to the research questions. A divergent analysis of the interviews with these teachers, which spanned over two years and were conducted by four interviewers, is used to offer a framework for analyzing data collected in clinical task-based interviews.     

The effectiveness of nurture groups: a systematic review

Children with emotional difficulties often experience problems at school in terms of academic progress and within peer relationships. They are also more likely to continue to experience emotional problems in their adult lives. Nurture groups (NGs) were developed in the 1960s by the educational psychologist Majorie Boxall and their aim is to improve the emotional well-being of children who are struggling, through providing them with reparative attachment experiences. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of NGs. Eleven papers examining the effectiveness of NGs were included, as well as two papers which explore the particular communication styles adopted by NG teachers. There was evidence that NGs are effective in improving the emotional well-being of children, but there is a need for higher quality and longitudinal research. There is a paucity of research into secondary school NGs. The review highlighted the NG teachers’ use of more positive verbal and non-verbal behaviour. Implications for future research are discussed.     

The use and frequency of verbal and non-verbal praise in nurture groups

Nurture groups are a form of provision for children with social, emotional, behavioural and learning difficulties. The study examines the interactions between children and staff – in particular, the frequency and effects of verbal and non-verbal praise – and discusses how this contributes to its effectiveness as a positive intervention instrument for all children. Results from structured observations confirmed that interactions in four nurture groups were positive and likely to enhance the self-esteem of pupils. Staff in all nurture groups used a higher frequency of specific verbal praise compared to non-verbal praise, despite results from children's responses to praise revealing that nearly a half of the children responded to non-verbal praise by continuing with appropriate behaviours. An interesting and unexpected finding revealed that as time passed the frequency of both verbal and non-verbal praise reduced. The study highlights how the frequency of certain behaviours such as non-verbal praise can impact on children's behaviour.     

也议体态语在跨文化交际中的应用

人类交际是语言交际和非语言交际的结合。非语言交际是整个交际中不可缺少的组成部分。它在交际中的作用是不可忽视的。[1]萨莫瓦尔说:"在面对面交际中,信息的社交内容只有35%左右时语言行为,其他都是通过非语言行为传递的。"[2]在跨文化交际中,很多人往往重视语言的正确运用,而忽略非语言交际行为的文化差异及其影响,导致文化误解和文化冲突频频发生。实际上非语言交际行为和手段比语言交际行为所起的交际作用更大,它的差异比语言行为的差异所引起的文化冲突还要严重。根据毕继万在《跨文化非语言交际》中将非语言交际粗略地分成四大类:1)体态语;2)副语言;3)客体语;4)环境语,本文试从手势语、眼神交流、体触行为等方面研究体态语在跨文化交际中的应用,减少由此导致的文化差异的干扰,以促进人们之间成功地进行跨文化交际。     

感受象征的力量——福州城市发展的非言语修辞行为探析

修辞批评系统分析修辞者的修辞行为是否具有说服力、如何影响受众,从而挖掘修辞者的修辞动机和修辞目的。修辞者的修辞行为可分为言语行为与非言语行为。对于一个城市来说,其修辞行为与发展两者有机结合,不可分割。言语修辞行为、非言语修辞行为的内容、形式、过程等等,都可以极大地影响、决定城市发展的方向、策略、甚至成败。