学衡派现代性支点下的本土化寻求

当西方思潮以势如破竹之势向中国汹涌而来的时候,“学衡派”与五四新文化运动的倡导者们展开了激烈的交锋,他们固守着民族的传统,在现代性支点下展开了对本土化的苦苦寻求。     

清朝学田的经营管理

清朝建国延续了汉族地主阶级设学田以赡学的制度，并对学田方方面面的管理都有详细的规则。学校通常设有专门机构或委派专人管理学田，一般有三种方式，一是由学官管理，二是由乡绅地主管理，三是由学校生员管理。学田的经营方式都采用租佃制，学校或直接经营租佃学田，或委托他人和其他组织对学田进行具体的经营管理，经管人须将全年学田租银收入、开支等项详细造册登记。其收支管理的严格性、独立性，使其基本不受国家财政盈亏的影响，各学钱粮收入做到了专项、专收、专管、专用，保证了学校日常费用的支出，有效地解决了清王朝的教育经费问题。     

国外高校内部的民主管理--特征、案例及启示

本文讨论了以教授参与为特征的校内民主管理的意义和原理 ;在对世界高等教育的两类体制模式作了区分之后 ,列举了一些案例 ,说明民主管理方法的可通用性 ;此外 ,针对我国高等教育的历史和现实情况 ,本文还解释了校内民主管理方法与其他方法或概念之间的联系与区别 ,指出不能期望“一抓就灵”。     

学校管理应当重视校风建设

校风是学校向社会敞开的大门，人们通过这道大门，可以评价学校管理水平的高低，教育教学质量的好坏，同时也可以鉴别一所学校的优劣。校风是一种无形的校纪、校规，对学校的师生员工有一种强大的约束力，对学校管理有积极的意义。因此，学校管理要重视校风建设。     

THE UTILITY OF MAZE ACCURATE RESPONSE RATE IN ASSESSING READING COMPREHENSION IN UPPER ELEMENTARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study examined the predictive utility of five formative reading measures: words correct per minute, number of comprehension questions correct, reading comprehension rate, number of maze correct responses, and maze accurate response rate (MARR). Broad Reading cluster scores obtained via the Woodcock–Johnson III (WJ III) Tests of Achievement served as the criterion variable. Examiners administered all reading measures to 98 students enrolled in upper elementary (UES) and middle school (MS) grades (grades 4 through 8). Results indicated significant intercorrelations within all predictor variables for the combined and UES samples; fewer intercorrelations existed at the MS level. MARR exhibited the highest correlation with WJ III Broad Reading across all correlational analyses. Additional regression analyses indicated that the MARR technique best predicted WJ III Broad Reading cluster scores across all groups analyzed. Limitations of the current study and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

ASSESSING THE FINANCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONCERNS OF ARKANSAS COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGES: A MODEL APPROACH

We surveyed Arkansas community and technical colleges to determine the extent to which these institutions had been affected, during the past 3 years, by tight budgets, volatile enrollments, unstable state support, and other unfavorable forces. In addition, we requested information concerning methods used by these institutions to address such problems. The survey instrument collected data pertaining to institutional demographics, budgetary trends, tuition trends, faculty issues, expenditure control methods used, institutional advancement activities, projections as to future financial directions, and staff development needs. The findings indicate that enrollments at most Arkansas community and technical colleges are increasing and budgets are growing, but often in amounts inadequate to compensate for rising costs. Arkansas 2‐year institutions are responding to this challenge by raising tuition, increasing the use of part‐time faculty, and seeking new sources of revenue. Staff development needs were identified for those functional areas in which additional training and development will enhance staff members’ ability to respond to changing economic conditions. This survey can be replicated in other community college systems, thus serving as a model for assessing the financial and institutional concerns of community and technical colleges nationwide.     

THE IMPACT OF TELEVISION IN THE SOCIAL CONTEXT

Studies which purport to demonstrate the adverse effects of television on the behaviour and moral standards of young people are consistent in that they refer to the media in isolation. It is frequently forgotten that television is merely one of many cues available to the child. Parents, peers and the demand characteristics of situations are more important as determiners of our social behaviour.

Experimental studies have demonstrated, however, that some children are more prone to be influenced by television than others, variables such as intelligence and the lack of a specific competence being of importance. Experiments are discussed which demonstrate that the extent of a child's pre‐experience affects the amount he is influenced by filmed models, and also that working‐class children are more influenced than their middle‐class counterparts because of their more limited experiences. It is suggested that a child's experiences “innoculate” him against the influence of television. Studies which show that children from relatively deprived home backgrounds are less able to fantasise and therefore are more vulnerable to the impact of television support the idea that the more deprived the child's own environment the greater the impact of television.     

LEARNING POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT AND ADAPTATION TO THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT: THE USEFULNESS OF THE ACFS FOR ASSESSING IMMIGRANT PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The objective of this study was to test the usefulness of dynamic assessment for determining cognitive abilities such as classification, auditory and visual memory, pattern sequences, perspective taking, verbal planning, learning potential, and metacognition in immigrant preschool children with and without competence in the dominant language (Spanish). One hundred seventy‐six preschool‐children were distributed in three groups according to the cultural background of their parents (native Spanish/Spanish‐speaking immigrants/non‐Spanish speaking immigrants). The children were assessed by means of the K‐BIT, the Application of Cognitive Functions Scale (ACFS), and metacognition, language competence and academic performance estimates. The results show that although there are initial differences in execution between the two groups (Spanish/immigrants), there are no differences with regard to learning potential. The study also demonstrates the importance of behavioral, attitudinal, and metacognitive variables in children's test execution and academic performance.     

THE TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

Most research into religious education has concentrated upon older children, but this paper reports findings obtained from the teachers of junior (seven to II years old) school children. From the content of religious education lessons and the overall religious sub‐cultures of classroom and school, conclusions are drawn about the religious socialization process of the child. A distinction is made between the child's own religious quest for meaning and the Christian culture which is generally accepted in Britain and taught in school. The child's religion is divided into the cognitive and the emotive while the socialization process is treated as cognitive, explicit and implicit. The general conclusion reached is that religious education lessons do not respond to the child's own cognitive level and are thus likely to confuse, whereas the religious life of classroom and school leads to an emotive affinity with Christianity. Thus ambivalence towards the Christian religion is produced in the child.     

STYLES OF THINKING IN THE SCHOOL

Educators know that variables beyond abilities affect students’ performance in school and their interactions with their teachers. Thinking styles are such a variable. Thinking styles are preferred ways of thinking. They are not abilities but rather preferred ways of expressing these abilities. Both students and teachers vary in thinking styles, and in systematic ways. For example, teachers tend to match the stylistic pattern of the school, and students to match the stylistic pattern of their teachers. Teachers tend to overestimate the extent to which their students match their own styles, and also evaluate more favorably students whose styles match their own. Thus, teachers are more likely to identify as “gifted” not only high ability students, but those who match them stylistically.

     

基于制度创新实现的帕累托改进——北大平民学校模式的效率机制分析

本文以北大平民学校的运作模式为案例,对其效率机制进行了经济学分析。作者认为该模式是一种基于制度创新实现的帕累托改进,其效率主要是高校所具有的范围经济和较低的交易成本。     

适应市场经济发展，强化校办产业管理

校办产业是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分。要适应市场经济发展，强化校办产业管理，促进校办产业发展，必须充分认识到：选好带头人是校办产业发展的首要条件；强化制度建设是校办产业发展的保证；完善监督体系，加强财务管理是校办产业发展的关键；依托高校优势，提高科技含量是校办产业发展的必然趋势。     

结合学校的管理实际浅谈校长的语言技巧

本文从学校管理的实际出发,从平等对待,刚柔相济,表扬对方,怒不失态等方面,阐述校长语言技巧的必要性和重要性.