Cost-effectiveness comparison of manual and on-line retrospective bibliographic searching.

A study to compare the cost effectiveness of retrospective manual and on-line bibliographic searching is described. Forty search queries were processed against seven abstracting-indexing publications and the corresponding SDC/ORBIT data bases. Equivalent periods of coverage and searcher skill levels were used for both search models. Separate task times were measured for question analysis, searching, photocopying, shelving, and output distribution. Component costs were calculated for labor, information, reproduction, equipment, physical space, and telecommunications. Results indicate that on-line searching is generally faster, less costly, and more effective than manual searching. However, for certain query/information-source combinations, manual searching may offer some advantages in precision and turn-around time. The results of a number of related studies are reviewed.     

Teaching on-line retrieval systems at the University of California, Los Angeles

All library school students should be provided with an opportunity to obtain hands-on experience in using such bibliographic retrieval systems as ORBIT, DIALOG, OCLC, etc. Yet, such training is both costly and time consumming. Two key issues that must be resolved in order to make the training more efficient and more effective are: (1) the integration of training in the curriculum as a module in cataloging and reference courses or as a separate course; and (2) the method of training which may include the use of videotapes, demonstrations, training manuals, etc. The teaching program at UCLA provides for discussion and demonstration of on-line retrieval techniques in the basic courses and advanced search training in a separate course using a specially prepared training manual.     

A comparative study of multiple attribute tree and inverted file structures for large bibliographic files

A variety of data structures such as inverted file, multi-lists, quad tree, k-d tree, range tree, polygon tree, quintary tree, multidimensional tries, segment tree, doubly chained tree, the grid file, d-fold tree. super B-tree, Multiple Attribute Tree (MAT), etc. have been studied for multidimensional searching and related problems. Physical data base organization, which is an important application of multidimensional searching, is traditionally and mostly handled by employing inverted file. This study proposes MAT data structure for bibliographic file systems, by illustrating the superiority of MAT data structure over inverted file. Both the methods are compared in terms of preprocessing, storage and query costs. Worst-case complexity analysis of both the methods, for a partial match query, is carried out in two cases: (a) when directory resides in main memory, (b) when directory resides in secondary memory. In both cases, MAT data structure is shown to be more efficient than the inverted file method. Arguments are given to illustrate the superiority of MAT data structure in an average case also. An efficient adaptation of MAT data structure, that exploits the special features of MAT structure and bibliographic files, is proposed for bibliographic file systems. In this adaptation, suitable techniques for fixing and ranking of the attributes for MAT data structure are proposed. Conclusions and proposals for future research are presented.     

基于Web的联机书目检索的效用性及其开发研究

针对目前国内图书馆联机检索馆藏书目的应用情况，通过基于Web的联机书目检索的一般方式，指出联机书目检索的高效性，并提出对其进行开发建设的可行性。     

卫生保健教学的魅力

通过多种教学手段和方法,让护生对卫生保健加以关注．主动去学．不断积累卫生保健方面的新知识、新技能,活到老、学到老、用到老,注重卫生保健,健康地度过一生。这是卫生保健工作所追求的最高境界,也是教师与护生共同追求的结果。     

信息工程专业英语教学改革初探

本文讨论了信息工程专业英语现存的主要问题,从学生认识、教学内容,教学材料的选取、教学方法、考核办法等方面对信息工程专业英语的教学改革进行了初步探索,以期达到更好的教学效果,培养学生较好的专业英语技能。     

物理演示实验教学中计算机控制的应用

大学物理演示实验课程能够培养学生的创新意识和学生独立自主的素质,通过实验的操作和技能的培训,使学生逐步养成严谨的思维以及掌握科学的方法原理,能够有效地解决实际问题。然而目前高校的物理演示实验由于技术条件和仪器设备的限制,影响到了实验的正常进行。随着计算机技术的发展和成熟,已经广泛地运用在我们的周围,尤其在高校教学中,已得到普遍的使用,其中计算机对物理演示实验的控制就起到了良好的效果,计算机通过多媒体展现了传统实验由于条件限制不能展现的演示,尤其是Excel、Origin和MATLAB软件的使用,更好地分析和研究了实验的数据和图形变化。计算机技术在物理演示实验中的运用,有效地解决了传统实验的难题,并且激发了学生的兴趣,提高了教学质量。     

项目引领开展网页设计与制作课堂教学

当前,许多网页设计与制作教师根据教材要点边讲授边演示,学生根据教师的思路依葫芦画瓢,尽管能完成教学计划,但课程结束后,学生仍然不能开发实际项目,这与社会的广泛需求和课程重要地位极不相称。文章着重探讨了采用项目引领开展网页设计与制作课堂教学,培养实用性网页设计与制作人才的方法。     

“大型数据库开发与管理”教学中互动式“学生授课”模式初探

＂大型数据库开发与管理＂是信息管理与电子商务专业一门重要的专业课,具有计算机课程的特点,需着重培养学生的学习能力、动手实践能力、创新能力、发现问题和解决问题的能力。但是在实际教学中,发现存在学生学习兴趣低下、学习方法不正确、实践时间不足等问题。为解决上述问题,笔者在教学中采用了互动式以学生为主的授课方式,从教学方法、教学环节和考核方式三个方面进行了改革。经过一学期的改革实践后,发现学生的自学能力、动手能力、沟通能力均有明显提高,从被动学习转向了主动学习,改革取得较好效果。     

在新课标环境下对化学实验教学的探索与思考

化学是一门以实验为基础的自然科学。在教学过程中,依托教材中的＂探究实验＂培养学生的实验技能、以多媒体辅助实验教学培养学生的观察能力、实验中尽可能变教师演示为学生自主演示来调动学生的学习积极性,实践证明这些做法取得了较好的实效。同时,对新教材存在的一些不足进行了反思。     

英美文学教学现状调查与对策探讨

随着当前经济全球化的发展,英美文学也在不断发展。本文先从教师、学生、师资等各方面提出了我国当前英美文学教学所存在的问题．再进一步针对这些问题提出了调整课程设置、改进教学方法、改善考核方式等方面的对策,希望对我国英美文学教学的改进与完善能有一定的借鉴与指导意义。     

Charging users for library service

The question of instituting direct charges for library service is examined and is contrasted with the current indirect changing system where services are paid for by taxes of various types. The policy of whether to levy direct charges for on-line bibliographic searching serves as an example for the analysis. In this case it is concluded that due to considerations of information as a merit good, the service should be supplied free of direct charges to certain users in a specified amount. For other users it is reasonable to impose direct charges.     

“任务驱动”教学法在中职体育课堂中的应用

＂任务驱动＂是一种基于建构主义教学理论基础上的教学法。通过任务引导学生进行探究问题、寻找对策与解决问题的操作,并在活动中使自己的能力得到提高。本文论述＂任务驱动＂教学法在体育教学领域的应用,为体育教学实践提供教学方法上的演示与参考。     

A program for machine-mediated searching

A technique of online instruction and assistance to bibliographic data base searchers called Individualized Instruction for Data Access (IIDA) is being developed by Drexel University. IIDA assists searchers by providing feedback based on real-time analysis while searches are being performed. Extensive help facilities which draw on this analysis are available to users. Much of the project's experimental work, as described elsewhere [1–3], is concerned with the process of searching and the behavior of searchers. This paper will largely address itself to the project's computer system, which is being developed by subcontract with the Franklin Institute's Science Information Services.     

科技查新中参考文献著录技巧解析

在比较分析国内外在线数据库题录输出接口及导出方式的基础上,以CNKI中国知网学术文献总库期刊文献的输出格式及参考文献管理软件NoteExpress为例, 详细分析了在线数据库期刊文献输出、NoteExpress题录信息导入过程及导入后题录信息的输出情况。并通过NoteExpress软件的"在线更新题录"功能及修改输出样式的方式完善了科技查新检索结果的题录信息。     

WorldCat数据库的网上检索

WorldCat是当今世界上最大的书目数据库，信息资源丰富，包含6800万条书目记录和10亿多条馆藏数据，本文详细地介绍了网上检索WorldCat数据库的方法和途径；     

实践式教学在应用化学专业英语教学中的应用

所谓实践式教学,就是让学生在实践中,在使用英语的过程中学习英语。从应用化学专业资料和信息的收集、专业英语阅读、专业英语写作、专业英语听、说能力训练这四个方面进行讨论,提出了一系列适用于应用化学专业英语实践式教学的具体方法。教学效果表明,该教学法能够激发学生的学习兴趣,有效地提高学生的专业英语应用水平。     

后殖民视野下的英美文学教学改革

英美文学作为我国高校英语专业的必修课之一,既要提高学生的文学欣赏和理解能力,更要培养学生的本土文化意识。在后殖民视野下,英美文学教学中的文化殖民现象受到关注,教学改革应从教学内容的本土化修正、教学主体的双重文化立场、文化全球化冲击的消融三方面进行,消除英美霸权话语对英美文学教学的影响。     

纸上得来终觉浅 绝知此事要躬行——《波的形成与传播》教学案例分析

《机械波的形成与传播》一节是高中物理教学的难点之一,用传统演示实验加问题探究的方式进行教学很难使学生有深刻的理解,严重影响学生在问题解决中的知识迁移;为此,我在教学中设计了用学生编舞的方式突破教学难点,收到了很好的效果。