芹菜挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法分别从芹菜茎和芹菜叶中提取挥发性成分,利用GC/MS方法鉴定挥发油中的化学成分,从芹菜叶中鉴定了19种成分,从芹菜茎中鉴定了12种成分,并且比较了它们之间的差异.     

香椿芽挥发油化学成分分析

采用同时蒸馏-萃取的方法,从山东香椿嫩芽中提取挥发油,利用GC/MS方法对提取的挥发性成分进行了鉴定,共鉴定出41种化学成分,主要有石竹烯、大牻牛儿烯、α-金合欢烯、α-荜澄茄油烯等,鉴定的挥发性成分占总挥发油的79.55%.     

蜂蜜挥发性成分的SPME-GC/MS分析

利用固相微萃取及同时蒸馏萃取法对蜂蜜的挥发性成分进行提取,采用GC/MS方法进行分离、鉴定.2种方法共鉴定挥发性成分37种,其中PA固相微萃取法鉴定了24种,PDMS方法鉴定了18种,同时蒸馏萃取方法鉴定了14种.     

超声雾化提取蜂蜜中的挥发性成分

将超声雾化作用与固相微萃取技术相结合,应用于提取蜂蜜中的挥发性成分,采用GC/MS方法进行分离、鉴定.实验结果表明,DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取纤维头富集出蜂蜜中22种挥发性化合物,且该方法简便快速,无需加热,适用于蜂蜜中挥发性成分的分析.     

松属植物挥发性成分分析——辽宁不同地区的油松松针挥发油成分的研究

报道了对辽宁五个地区的油松松针挥发性成分进行的分析和鉴定 .测得鞍山、沈阳、铁岭、锦州和朝阳等地松针中挥发油的含量分别为 1.7%、1.7%、1.4 %、1.7%、1.4 % .用GC/MS法从这 5个地区的松针挥发油中分别分离出 55种、54种、56种、54种和 56种挥发性成分 ,共确定出 52种化合物 ;并用峰面积归一化法 ,通过HP59970C化学工作站数据处理系统测得各化学成分在挥发油中的百分含量 .分析结果表明 ,不同地区的松树松针挥发油的成分有很多相同的成分 ,但也有明显的差异 ,其百分含量也不尽相同 .     

仙人掌超微粉与普通粉挥发性成分的对比

文章以正己烷-水蒸汽蒸馏法提取仙人掌药材挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）进行分离测定及定性定量的对比研究,从仙人掌药材超微粉中分离鉴定出32种化学成分,普通粉中分别分离鉴定出和28种化学成分,含有24种相同成分,其中均以异丁基邻苯二甲酸酯（Isobutyl phthalate）含量最高,超微粉含27.492%,普通粉含32.646%。     

刺芫荽挥发性成分研究

以野生刺芫荽为原料,采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取其挥发性成分,应用气相色谱—质谱法对提取物进行化学成分分析.实验结果表明,野生刺芫荽提取物中共鉴定出24种化合物,占总峰面积的65.94％,质量分数达到1.00％以上的有6种物质,其挥发性成分中醛酮类化合物相对质量分数达到58.05％.     

食用碱对玉米风味成分的影响

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取玉米及加食用碱后玉米的挥发性成分,并用气-质联用仪对提取液进行分离鉴定.初步确定了玉米挥发性成分中的32种化合物,占总峰面积的92.2%;加食用碱玉米挥发性成分中的26种化合物,占总峰面积的88.5%.玉米挥发性成分含量较高的是棕榈酸（39.4%）、亚油酸（15.0%）,3,4-二甲基己烷（5.7%）.但加入食用碱后玉米的挥发性成分主要为2,4-戊二醇（19.4%）,1,1-二乙氧基辛烷（18.9%）,2,2-二乙硫基丙烷（5.3%）.     

固相微萃取气质联用分析山东金银花挥发性组分

利用顶空固相微萃取技术,采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC/MS）对山东金银花挥发组分的化学成分进行了研究.结果：从山东干燥金银花中分析鉴定出了21种挥发性化学成分,并测定了各成分在挥发油中的百分含量,测得其中茴香精含量较高.     

干、鲜槐花挥发性成分的对比分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)技术提取干、鲜槐花的挥发性成分,经气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)测定,比较分析干、鲜槐花的香气成分变化.分析结果表明:从干槐花中鉴定出18种挥发性化学组分,从鲜槐花中鉴定出19种挥发性化学组分.干槐花挥发性组分相对百分含量为92.48%,鲜槐花挥发性组分相对百分含量为89.58%.干槐花挥发性物质中醛类的相对含量为31.76%,醇类相对含量为35.16%,相对含量较高的是己烯醛,含量为18.30%,酮类的相对含量为9.74%,呋喃的相对含量为13.89%.鲜槐花挥发性物质中相对含量较高的是1-辛烯-3-醇,含量为31.02%,其中醛类的相对含量为28.31%,醇类相对含量为44.40%,烯烃相对含量为8.39%,酮类等的相对含量较少.     

苦参不同器官中的生物碱含量分析

[目的]探讨苦参不同器官中的生物碱含量,为该资源植物的合理应用提供依据.[方法]用薄层色谱法(TLC)分析测定了辽宁产苦参不同器官中苦参碱及氧化苦参碱含量.[结果]各类器官,除叶片外,氧化苦参碱含量均显著超过苦参碱含量;苦参碱含量以种子中的为最高,占干重的0.065%,其次为茎(0.034%)、根(0.016%)、叶(0.013%);氧化苦参碱含量以根最高,占干重的3.847%,其次为种子(1.982%)、茎(0.140%),叶中未检测到;粗老根(直径大于1 cm)与细嫩根(直径在0.5~1.0 cm)中的两种生物碱含量差别不大.[结论]达到一定生长年限后,生物碱积累不再有明显增加而趋于饱和;大部分器官中,氧化苦参碱含量高于苦参碱含量;种子及茎更适合作为苦参碱的提取器官.     

南五味子属植物中的木脂素成分研究进展（1990-2007）

对南五味子属植物中的木脂素成分进行了综述。近十多年来,从南五味子属植物的不同植物中分离得到100余个木脂素类化合物,这些化合物具有抗病毒、抗氧化和细胞毒等活性。     

南五味子属植物中三萜类成分及其活性研究进展

对南五味子属植物中的三萜类成分及其活性进行了综述。从南五味子属植物的不同植物中分离得到60余个三萜类化合物,其中许多为该属植物特有成分,这些化学成分有抗HIV活性、抗HBV活性、对肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。     

Seasonal changes in tannin and nitrogen contents of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets

Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP),extractable condensed tannins (ECT),protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT),fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT),total condensed tannins (TCT),and protein precipitation capacity (PPC) in young,mature and senescent branehlets of Casuarina equisetifolia were studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County,Fujian Province,China.In addition,nitrogen contents of branehlets at the different developmental stages were also determined.The contents of TP and ECT,and PPC in young branchlets were significantly higher than those in mature and senescent branehlets through the season.However,PBCT contents were significantly higher in senescent branchlets than those in young and mature branchlets;FBCT fluctuated with season.Young branchlets had the highest N content,which decreased during branch maturity and senescence.The highest contents of TP and the lowest contents of TCT and N in young and mature branchlets were observed in summer.There was a significant negative correlation between TP and N contents.In contrast,TCT contents were positively correlated to N contents.Nutrient resorption during senescence and high TCT:N ratios in senescent branchlets are the important nutrient conservation strategies for C.equisetifolia.     

Pedagogy and Andragogy in Higher Education — A Comparison between Germany, the UK and Japan

This article analyses the kinds of pedagogical approaches in universities that are provided for young and mature students and produce relevant outcomes for them in Germany, the UK and Japan. Andragogy is a concept of pedagogical approaches for adult learners in lifelong learning, but it should be empirically examined now in higher education in relation to assessment of the outcomes of education. In this article, with the help of the CHEERS graduate survey data, different learning experiences, institutional pedagogical orientation and provisions of universities are classified and examined in the pedagogy mode for young students and the andragogy mode for mature students. Freedom of choice, independent learning, practical emphasis and libraries are elements of the andragogy mode for the mature students and class attendance, contacts with fellow students and teachers and teaching quality are elements of the pedagogy mode for the young students. In Germany, both the pedagogical mode for the young and the andragogy mode for mature students are more developed than in the UK and Japan. Then, policy and theoretical implications are discussed.     

A social semiotic mapping of voice in youth media: the pitch in youth video production†

An ethics of youth media production is the interplay of identities, media literacy, and modality that shape the environment within which young people produce media, yet how ‘voice’ is fostered and/or constrained in these environments could still be explored more fully. This paper stems from a larger qualitative study of how youth created films about their lives and communities in four non-school spaces that strove to give voice to underrepresented youth across the USA. This detailed semiotic analysis illustrates the nuances in the discussion between young people and youth media arts educators in two of these organizations during the pitch, the key moment in the filmmaking process in which the youth presented their ideas for their videos for adult approval before they moved on to the next stages, for example, filming. This analysis illustrates how young people negotiated their voice, tracing the negotiation and the inherent power dynamics that occurred.     

Seasonal changes in tannin and nitrogen contents of Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets

Seasonal dynamics of total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), fiber-bound condensed tannins (FBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT), and protein precipitation capacity (PPC) in young, mature and senescent branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia were studied at Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County, Fujian Province, China. In addition, nitrogen contents of branchlets at the different developmental stages were also determined. The contents of TP and ECT, and PPC in young branchlets were significantly higher than those in mature and senescent branchlets through the season. However, PBCT contents were significantly higher in senescent branchlets than those in young and mature branchlets; FBCT fluctuated with season. Young branchlets had the highest N content, which decreased during branch maturity and senescence. The highest contents of TP and the lowest contents of TCT and N in young and mature branchlets were observed in summer. There was a significant negative correlation between TP and N contents. In contrast, TCT contents were positively correlated to N contents. Nutrient resorption during senescence and high TCT:N ratios in senescent branchlets are the important nutrient conservation strategies for C. equisetifolia. Project supported by the National Eleventh Five-year Key Project (No. 2006BAD03A14-01), Fujian Provincial Major Special Program of Science and Technology (No. 2006NZ0001-2), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-07-0725), and the Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province University, China     

自然美的衰退与人的审美行为的成熟

随着现代文明的发展,人们对自然的审美行为愈益成熟,即对自然进行审美时运用太多的分析技巧,合理化意识支配着他;这足以导致自然美的衰退。要想使自然美有更多的呈现就必须恢复审美行为的单纯性,借助情感、联想、想象同自然进行富有生气的沟通,并对自然有一种描写与抒情的欲望。在当代生态环境面临恶化的条件下,这种面对自然的单纯性的审美行为具有积极的意义。     

稀土对菊花试管苗生长的影响

稀土对菊花试管苗生长有明显影响。添加稀土后试管苗生长速度快,,根粗苗壮,根冠比大,但根数少。20ppm浓度稀土明显抑制菊花试管苗的株高,对根无抑制作用。50ppm浓度稀土对试管苗的茎、叶、根生长都有促进作用。     

Is a picture worth a thousand words? Preference for auditory modality in young children

Linguistic labels play an important role in young children's conceptual organization: When 2 entities share a label, people expect these entities to share many other properties. Two classes of explanations of the importance of labels seem plausible: a language-specific and a general auditory explanation. The general auditory explanation argues that the importance of labels stems from a privileged processing status of auditory input (as compared with visual input) for young children. This hypothesis was tested and supported in 4 experiments. When auditory and visual stimuli were presented separately, 4-year-olds were likely to process both kinds of stimuli, whereas when auditory and visual stimuli were presented simultaneously, 4-year-olds were more likely to process auditory stimuli than visual stimuli.