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1.
    
Grades are important for admission of students in most higher education programs. Analyzing admission and student performance data at a major Norwegian business school, we find that the grading practice of teachers at regional colleges sending students to the school is affected by the average performance of the students being graded. Teachers at colleges recruiting good students from upper secondary school tend to be strict in their grading practice, while teachers at colleges recruiting less good students tend to follow a lenient practice. This has implications for the interpretation of grades and hence for optimal admission procedures. We develop a methodology to assess the consequences of differential grading standards. Approximately 10% of the students in our data are admitted at the expense of more competent students. We demonstrate costs for the school admitting the wrong students and in particular for the rejected students.  相似文献   

2.
为了提高教育质量,美国自20世纪80年代以来逐步兴起了教育标准运动。在建立和实施标准的过程中产生了诸如标准本身的质量问题、如何帮助教师理解标准的问题、如何满足不同学习者的不同需要问题、考试如何与标准相适应的问题以及如何恰当评分的问题等。  相似文献   

3.
Unreliability in marking is well documented, yet we lack studies that have investigated assessors’ detailed use of assessment criteria. This project used a form of Kelly’s repertory grid method to examine the characteristics that 24 experienced UK assessors notice in distinguishing between students’ performance in four contrasting subject disciplines: that is their implicit assessment criteria. Variation in the choice, ranking and scoring of criteria was evident. Inspection of the individual construct scores in a sub-sample of academic historians revealed five factors in the use of criteria that contribute to marking inconsistency. The results imply that, whilst more effective and social marking processes that encourage sharing of standards in institutions and disciplinary communities may help align standards, assessment decisions at this level are so complex, intuitive and tacit that variability is inevitable. We conclude that universities should be more honest with themselves and with students, and actively help students to understand that application of assessment criteria is a complex judgement and there is rarely an incontestable interpretation of their meaning.  相似文献   

4.
    
Quality assurance processes have been applied to many aspects of higher education, including teaching, learning and assessment. At least in the latter domain, quality assurance needs its fundamental tenets critically scrutinised. A common but inadequate approach has been to identify and promote learning environment changes ‘likely to improve’ learning outcomes. They are simply labelled ‘quality assurance’ without establishing their effectiveness. Part of the problem is that the case for quality assurance has been largely taken as self-evident. Originally, quality assurance principles were developed in domains outside higher education. In those, auditable product, service and other standards play a central role. Although external processes do not directly transfer to higher education, their underlying principles offer perspectives and pointers for reconceptualising quality assurance and improving assessment and grading. Quality assurance should be grounded in authoritative and properly formulated academic achievement standards applied to actual student works, performances and course grades.  相似文献   

5.
    
This article does not propose that professors replace librarians, but shows that librarian functions are a natural part of the teaching activities. The author (B.A., Texas; M.A., Wayne State; Ph.D., Ohio State) has contributed articles and reviews, is editor of “The College Experience,” and is associate professor of language arts, California State Polytechnic College.  相似文献   

6.
    
The theory and practice of formative assessment seems to be at a crossroads, even an impasse. Different theoretical justifications for the development of formative assessment, and different empirical exemplifications, have been apparent for many years. Yet practice, while quite widespread, is often limited in terms of its scope and its utilisation of the full range of possible approaches associated with formative assessment. The paper reviews these issues and explores them in relation to the development of formative assessment in higher education. HE is taken as ‘test case’ of the paradoxical implementation of formative assessment, whereby the aim is, ostensibly, to develop independent and critical learners, while in practice highly conformative assessment procedures are being designed and developed. The paper argues that developers also need to attend to the divergent possibilities inherent in formative assessment, if their aspirations for a more transformative practice are to be realised.  相似文献   

7.
This study was undertaken at three teacher education programmes and was designed to determine the following within each programme: (1) the reliability correlations among students’ self‐grade (SSG), the grade granted by the professor (PG) and the negotiated final grade (NFG); (2) the range and frequency of grade differences between SSG and PG; and (3) the tendency of the negotiation on NFG as compared to SSG (i.e. NFG > SSG or NFG < SSG), when SSG was not equal to PG. The samples were made up of three professors and their corresponding student groups (students, n = 100, 34 and 53, respectively), each in a different teacher education programme. The results show that there was a high reliability correlation among SSG, PG and NFG in all three programmes. Furthermore, in these programmes, the grade differences were never higher than 1.5 on a scale of 0 to 10 points; in fact, agreement between DDG and PG was reached 96%, 35.29% and 43.39% of the time), and, when disagreement emerged, it was mainly within a minimum range of 0.1 to 0.5 points. As for the tendency of NFG versus SSG in each programme, slightly higher percentages were obtained for NFG > SSG in Programmes B and C, whereas the opposite (NFG < SSG) was true in Programme A; overall, however, it could be said that both tendencies balanced each other out, being the total percentages in each programme 0%, 41% and 30% for NFG > SSG; and 4%, 23% and 26%, for NFG < SSG, respectively.  相似文献   

8.
理论是一种人为的建构,其目的是解释现实或揭示出隐藏在现实背后的机制。长期以来,高等教育研究作为一个多学科的研究领域,主要借用其他学科的理论来解释高等教育现实,基于高等教育本体的理论建构相对匮乏。高等教育研究需要问题驱动,高等教育发展需要政策驱动,但无论高等教育研究还是高等教育实践都需要\"高等教育理论\"引领。所谓\"高等教育理论\"不是从其他学科移植来的\"关于高等教育的理论\",而是从高等教育的内在逻辑出发所建构的基于高等教育本体的\"理论\"。\"关于高等教育的理论\"是开展高等教育研究的资源,\"高等教育理论\"则是高等教育研究的最后结论。  相似文献   

9.
    
Despite its growing use at the K–12 level, standards-based grading (alignment of grading to course standards) has been comparatively neglected in higher education. College students are often confronted with grading practices that reflect subjective, non-standardized formats incorporating a blend of academic and non-academic components. This case study examined student attitudes and experiences regarding standards-based grading (SBG) principles introduced in an educational technology course in a medium-sized, Midwestern university. The authors found that, while students were initially anxious about the paradigm shift and the additional work it would entail, they nevertheless viewed the model as clearer and more fair. As the study progressed, students reported moving beyond “playing the game” of earning points for a grade and actually engaging more substantively with course content. Based on regular formative feedback, students began to take more ownership of their learning. Ultimately, most participants found SBG more beneficial and defensible—and reflective of their knowledge—than traditional grading practices. To supplement these findings, the authors offer some implementation ideas to assist instructors who may want to begin using SBG in their courses, including reflecting on and clarifying their purpose for grading, ensuring that their grades have meaning (by communicating information that is accurate, meaningful, and relevant to student success), and allowing students multiple chances to demonstrate learning (if the purpose of grading and assessment is to encourage and report mastery).  相似文献   

10.
    

Abstract:

This paper records both dissatisfaction and evidence of poor current standards of literacy, notably in the area of the written word, among higher education students. It also suggests what may be done to remedy the situation.  相似文献   

11.
透视高等教育评估“热”   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
高等教育评估机构不断出现,更多的对象与项目被纳入到评估中。通过对近些年我国高等教育评估“热”的分析,从理论上指出评估存在“工具理性驱逐价值理性”、“鉴定功能排斥其他功能”和“评估手段置换评估目的”的三大陷阱,提出跨越陷阱需要“重视高等教育评估的特殊性”、“正视不同评估的效用”和“回归评估是手段而不是目的”。  相似文献   

12.
论高等教育评估的现状与走向   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
高等教育评估,一方面它作为一种手段协助政府实施对高等教育的宏观控制;另一方面,它能帮助和促进高等学校走持续、稳定发展的道路。  相似文献   

13.
高等教育评估中几个值得探讨的问题   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9  
我国高等教育评估已经开展20年,经验值得总结,有必要在下列几个问题上从理论上进行反思:高等教育评估的目的和功能问题;高等教育评估与高等教育质量保障体系问题;高等教育评估与人文精神问题;高等教育评估的再评估问题等。  相似文献   

14.
分级教学作为英语教学改革的一种模式,已经被越来越多的学校采用。它不仅体现了因材施教的教学原则,而且是适应学生现状的一种有效对策。通过对学生进行分层定级,确定相应的教材和教法,可以使学习效率得到提高,满足各层次学生在英语学习中的不同需要,进而促使各个层次的学生都得到发展。  相似文献   

15.
试论新时期高职人才的培养规格   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
本文根据新时期人才需求的特点,提出了新时期高职人才培养规格应具备的两种素质、一套知识、四类能力、六本证书,并探讨了实现这种人才培养规格的改革措施。  相似文献   

16.
问题是整个高等教育研究活动的逻辑起点,也是高等教育研究的灵魂,能够发现并提出有价值的研究问题是高等教育研究者的必备素质。问题的特点有三,第一,问题是在已经存在的理论和现实事物基础上产生的;第二,问题与主体(人)密切相关;第三,问题是不断发展的。高等教育的研究问题主要来源于高等教育实践和现有高等教育理论之间的矛盾,来源于高等教育理论内部以及高等教育和其他学科理论之间所产生的矛盾和问题。高等教育研究者在选择并确定研究问题时,要注意处理好真问题与假问题、热点问题与冷门问题、有重大价值的问题与自己能胜任的问题、他人的问题与自己的问题这四对关系,从而保证选好研究问题,使研究活动有一个好的开端。  相似文献   

17.
高等教育质量管理问题是关系国家教育发展的重要问题,与高等教育理念、管理以及环境息息相关。基于学术—保证—问责三维分析框架对中国高等教育质量管理制度变迁历程进行分析发现,政府规约、国际化冲击及自身发展等多重压力共同塑造了中国高等教育质量管理模式之独特性,政策化取向及大学文化功利主义倾向是高等教育质量管理制度变迁的主因。新时代中国高等教育管理应在国家调控、院校自治和市场调节三种力量之间平衡张力,使中国大学治理转向中国特色高等教育质量管理之新范式。  相似文献   

18.
潘懋元先生的高等教育研究思想,内容丰富,博大精深,不仅有对过去历史的反思,也有对新世纪的前瞻思考;不仅有对高等教育规律的深刻揭示,也有与国际接轨的雄才大略。潘懋元高等教育理论研究的思想是我国高等教育研究领域一笔宝贵的精神财富。  相似文献   

19.
高等职业教育教师评价的理论与实践   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
确立高等职业教育的教师评价原则和方法,既不能中专化,也不能向本科院校看齐,而是要依据高职教育的特点制定相应的评价原则和评价体系。本文从理论和实践方面对高等职业学校教师评价进行了探索。  相似文献   

20.
全球化背景下的高等教育责任制   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
高等教育责任制是一个与效率、效果和绩效评估相关的概念,它要求通过有效的方式证明高等教育取得了预定的结果和绩效。关注效率、效果,注重结果、产出是高等教育责任制的基本特征。高等教育评估是责任制的实施形式,也是质量保障的一个基本途径。通过评估加强质量保障,反映了全球化背景下高等教育管理中一种新的责任制文化。高等教育过程的内在复杂性决定了责任制及绩效测量的难度,我国高等教育评估要实现保障和提高高等教育质量的目的,同时避免对高校办学自主权造成不利影响,需要总结已有评估经验并借鉴国外有益经验,进行创造性的探索。  相似文献   

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