The Syntax,Semantics and Pragmatics of ‘lian…dou’

This article treats the chunk‘lian…dou’an a complex conjunction on the ground that the sentence that follows the sentence in which the chunk ‘lian…dou’occurs is often incomplete.The interpretation of the incomplete sentence,or the sentence fragment,calls for the restoration of the elided constituents by reconstruction.Moreover,the proposition expressed by the sentence fragment is entailed by the proposition expressed by the sentence in which the chunk‘lian…dou’occurs.Following Montague’s rule-to-rule hypothesis,we can take the entailment inherent in the whole construction as the syntactic reflex in its semantics.Since the entailment is obviously induced by the chunk‘lian…dou’,we treat it as a complex conjunction.Section 1 demonstrates that the sentence that follows the sentence in which the chunk‘lian…dou’occurs is not independent and in many ways is similar to the ‘ruguo…(name)’construction.Section 2 develops a scalar model based on Fillmore et al (1988)for the semantic interpretation of the construction,and gives an account of a variety of ‘lian…dou’sentences.Section 3 addresses the pragmatic aspect of the construction.It also argues that the first proposition conjoined by ‘lian…dou’itself has the function of simultaneously meeting the Gricean Maxims of Relevance,Quality and Quantity,thus making the verbalization of the second proposition unnecessary.     

The Meaning of “X": Study of Meaning from the Perspectives of Semantics and Pragmatics

ＩｎｈｉｓＰｒｉｎｃｉｐｌｅｓｏｆＰｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｓＬｅｅｃｈｕｓｅｓｔｗｏ ｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓ :[1]Ｗｈａｔｄｏｅｓ“Ｘ”ｍｅａｎ ?[2 ]Ｗｈａｔｄｉｄｙｏｕｍｅａｎｂｙ“Ｘ” ?ｔｏｄｅ ｓｃｒｉｂｅｔｈｅｓｃｏｐｅｏｆｔｗｏｂｒａｎｃｈｅｓｏｆｌｉｎｇｕｉｓｔｉｃｓ :ｓｅｍａｎｔｉｃｓａｎｄｐｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｓ .① Ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｉｎｆａｃｔｇｒｏｗｓｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅｔｗｏｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｓａｎｄｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｏｆｉｔｉｓｔｏｄｉｓｃｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐａｎｄｄｉ…     

Pragmatics and the Teaching and Leaning of English

The purposeof the teaching and the learning of English is to develop communicative competence. Pragmatics is one of the most essential parts of the communicative competence .It concerns the appropriate use of language. This paper aims to show the significant role of pragmatics in the teaching and learning of English and further explores the importance of cultivating students' awareness to improve their pragmatic ability and communicative competence.     

Pragmatics and the Teaching and Leaning of English

Teh Purpose of the teaching and the learning of English is to develop communicative competence.Pragmatics is one of the most essential parts of the communicative competence .It concerns the appropriate use of language.This paper aims to show the significant role of pragmatics in the teaching and learning of English and further explores the importance of cultivating students‘awareness to improve their pragmatic ability and communicative competence。     

Semantics and Interpretation

本文通过语义学的发展简史,阐述了语义学与词汇、语义学与文化学等语境之间的关系,在不同的文化语言之间进行翻译时应注意的语义差别。同时,文章从另一个角度阐释了语言中常出现的多种歧义现象,表达同一语言现象在不同的文化背景下必须使用不同的表达方式。语义学作为一门新兴学科,有许多不足和有待于发展的地方,需要求语言学界进一步地开拓和发展。     

The “Prototype and Stereotype” Theory in Lexical Semantics Teaching Methodology

Cognitive linguistics studies the relationship between language and cognition,which claims that semantics structures reflect the mental categories which people have formed their experiences of growing up and acting in the world.The lexical and semantics combined together to be the foundations of language which makes into people’ s communication.As the main branch of cognition,the prototype and stereotype theory have a close relationship to the lexical semantics.Thus,it is essential and useful to make a research on the lexical semantics under the influence of the "prototype and stereotype theory" and it will help a lot in teaching methodology.     

Pragmatics and Translation———An Analysis of Students' Common Mistakes

ＰｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｓａｎｄＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ———ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＳｔｕｄｅｎｔｓＣｏｍｍｏｎＭｉｓｔａｋｅｓＺｈａｎｇＸｕｎｆａｎｇＭａｎｙＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓｗｈｏｈａｖｅｓｔｕｄｉｅｄＥｎｇｌｉｓｈｆｏｒｙｅａｒｓｓｔｉ...     

“American Chimera: The Ever-Present Domination of Whiteness,Patriarchy, and Capitalism…A Parable”

In Greek mythology, the Chimera is a fire-breathing monster with three heads: one of a lion, one of a horned goat, and one of a powerful dragon. Of similar construction is the presence of three structures in US society, whiteness, patriarchy, and capitalism, which are overwhelmingly represented, valued, and espoused when examining areas of progress, i.e., family income, poverty rates, high school and college graduation rates, and home ownership. This modern American three-headed beast controls, manipulates, and permeates all aspects of US society irrespective of class, culture, or gender. Using critical race theory and critical whiteness studies, this critically interpretive parable draws from the ways in which whiteness, patriarchy, and capitalism function in social, cultural, economic, and educational spheres. The parable tells the story of Sue Libertad and analyzes how this metaphorical Chimera, despite its ubiquity, silently permeates all aspects of her life. Not until a tragic outbreak occurs, does the hegemony of this chimera erodes and Sue.     

TEFL Practice and Reform： English as a lingua franca, Pragmatics and ELT

One of the most exciting things about being an English language teacher is the pace at which new ideas appear.However, new ideas do not appear out of nowhere, but rather in response to changing situations. Two very obvious (and related) pressures for change are the extension of the population of English learners from the academic to the general and the increasing globalization of English.     

The ACB of ELT…‘SLA’

SLA stands for Second Language Acquisition. Researchers working in this area are primarily concerned with understanding how people acquire a second language, both in terms of the processes they go through and the learning outcomes.     

Going…Going…Gone:The End of the Banana?

Nobody ever thought it could happen, but botanical and agricultural experts have issued a grave warning:the banana, one of the world's best-loved fruits, might practically go extinct in as short as 10 years.The bananas we eat today originated from the wild banana(Musa acuminata), which is inedible because of the many sturdy seeds it contains. Apparently, about 10,000 years ago, people somewhere in South-East Asia discovered a rare mutated variety that yielded soft, delicious fruits without seeds. This mutant plant came about mostly because of a     

The Law Is the Law,But…

Having returned from her round trip (往返旅程) ,the angry woman stood outside the ticket office of the station. "The railway owes me (?)12," she said to Harry Jenks, the young man working at the office. "You sold me a ticket for May 22nd, but there was no ship from Jersey that night. So my     

Prescient … and Not Always Accounted For: The Wisdom and Foresight of George A. Roeper

When George A. Roeper enlisted the aid of Dr. A. Harry Passow and other leaders in the field to help George convert his Michigan independent school to focus on gifted children in 1956, there was only one other elementary school in the country at the time devoted exclusively to gifted child education. Though his wife and school cofounder, Annemarie, later became quite well known in the field, George also wrote and spoke extensively about gifted children and their education. Those writings and speeches were rarely published but have been preserved in The Roeper School Archives. In this first in-depth examination, George’s writings display insight and prescience about the challenges and rewards of educating gifted children, touching on problems that still preoccupy the field, such as inclusive identification and motivation, all rooted in his humanistic point of view.     

The Cultural Politics of Progenic Auschwitz Tattoos: 157622, A-15510, 4559, …

Facing the loss of the last generation of Holocaust survivors, progeny of survivors have begun to tattoo their ancestors’ Auschwitz numbers on their own bodies. We investigate the rhetoricity of progenic tattooing through semiotic, affective, and pedagogical registers. We argue that shifting conditions of discourse across time alter decorum about public memory of the Holocaust. Further, the progenic practice, constituting a distinct form of trauma tattoo, enacts a mode of postmemory through a resignification of the original sign that makes visible the intergenerational trauma of the Holocaust.     

“The Effort of Reason,and the Adventure of Beauty”: The Aesthetic Rhetoric of Randolph Bourne

We are still coming to terms with the legacy of Randolph Bourne. Although he died at the age of 32 just as the United States was cheerfully entering the First World War under the banner of “democracy,” the words he penned in an unfinished essay still resonate in the American social conscience: “War is the Health of the State.” This maxim, once thought the exclusive property of leftist radicals, now can be heard echoing from every political corner of the blogosphere as progressives and libertarians alike find cause to question the motives of governmental power. Yet despite his reappearance as a symbol, Bourne in many ways remains as forgotten as ever—perhaps even more so as his once provocative claim has been transformed into a talking point. This essay endeavors to recapture the voice of Bourne in all its complexity, seeking to place him at the forefront of the contemporary American intellectual tradition as one of its most piercing critics, most visionary poets, and most eloquent rhetors. Specifically, we show how Bourne's critique of the “State” foresaw the rise of the technological society organized by ideological propaganda, how his vision of the Beloved Community anticipated our modern ideals of global transnationalism, and how his literary essays practiced a form of aesthetic rhetoric which employed dramatistic methods to bring about a new state of expanded social consciousness.