长芒猬草与华山新麦草属间杂种的形态学和细胞学研究

为研究长芒猬草Hystrix duthiei ssp．longearistata的染色体组成,将其与华山新麦草Psathyrostachyshuashanica进行了人工杂交,获得杂种F1。对亲本及杂种F1,花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行为、繁育特性和形态特征进行了比较分析。结果表明：杂种F1的许多形态特征介于父母本之间,花粉完全不育,结实率为0;杂种F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体配对较高,55.12％的细胞形成5个或6个二价体,其构型为：9.83Ⅰ+5.46Ⅱ+0.07Ⅲ,C-值为0.57。以上结果表明H．duthiei ssp．Longearistata含有Ns染色体组。本文还讨论了Hystrix与Leymus的关系。     

一些中国蕨类植物的细胞学观察

本文报道华东地区30种蕨类植物的染色体数目,其中阔片短肠蕨Allantodia mathewi(Cop．)Ching n＝82, 耳羽短肠蕨A．wichurae(Mett．)Ching n=41,拟粉背蕨Aleuritopteris pseudof-arinosa Ching n＝58,刺头复叶耳蕨Arachniodes exilis(Hance)Ching n＝41,斜方复叶耳蕨A．rhomboides(Wall．)  Ching n＝41,毛轴假蹄盖蕨Athyriopsis  peterseni(Kunze)Ching n＝80,园盖阴石蕨Humata tyermanni Moore n＝40,  峨眉茯蕨  Leptogramma scallanii(Christ)Chingn=36,福建剑蕨  Loxogramme  fujianensis Ching n＝35,黄腺羽蕨Pleocnemia  winitii  Holtt．  n＝41,紫柄蕨Pseudophegopteris Pyrrhorachis(Kunze)Ching n=62是首次报道。     

中国海南岛13种菊科植物的细胞学研究

对海南岛13种菊科植物进行了染色体研究,对其中9种植物进行了核型分析,结果为: 树菊Tithoni-a diversifolia A.Gray,2n=34=26m+8sm（2sat）;鳢肠Eclipta prostrata（L.）L.,2n=22=18m+4sm;金腰箭Synedrella nodiflora（L.）Gaertn.,2n=40=6m+30sm（2sat）+4st;三叶鬼针草黄花类型Bidens pilosa L.（yel-low flower）,2n=72=46m+26sm（2sat）;羽     

中国凤尾蕨属细胞学的初步研究

本文报道了中国产10种凤尾蕨属植物和2种蕨属和栗蕨属植物的细胞学研究结果。  在凤尾蕨  属中,8种是多倍体或具有多倍体细胞型,4种是无性孢子繁殖的后代,6种实际上是种复合体或种复合  体成员,单纯有性生殖的二倍体只有2种。凤尾蕨至少具有9条孢子发生路线,在其同一个体上除了产  生二倍孢子外,还可能产生少量加倍或多倍孢子;广义的蜈蚣草实际上是个种复合体,其祖先的二倍体  细胞型广泛分布于中国亚热带地区说明这里可能是该复合体的起源中心;岩凤尾蕨具有不寻常的染色  体数目n＝55,这说明在本属和本科中可能存在着非整倍体进化。     

11个四倍体赖草属物种的核型研究

对11个四倍体赖草属Leymus Hochst.物种的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下：沙生赖草L. arenarius (L.) Hochst., 2n=4x=28=18m+4sm+6st (4sat); 密穗赖草L. condensatus (J. Presl) A. Lve, 2n=4x=28=22m+4sm (2sat)+2st (2sat); 新生赖草L. innovatus (Beal) Pilg., 2n=4x=28=24m (4sat) +4sm (2sat);多枝赖草L. multicau     

紫草科微孔草属及其近缘属花粉形态的研究

 本文用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了微孔草属(Microula Benth.)6组16种及其相关的3属6种植物的花粉,并对微孔草属2种和齿缘草属(Eritrichium Schrad.)2种花粉做了花粉壁超微结构的研究。微孔草属及其相关的3属花粉为哑铃形,花粉体积很小,最大的为12.18×7.13μm,最小的只有6.36×3.36μm,具相间排列的三孔沟和三假沟。但他们在赤道部位的缢缩程度、萌发孔特征、表面纹饰及超微结构有明显的不同。从花粉形态看,微孔草属较原始,且与锚刺果属(Actinocarya Benth.)有较密切关系;齿缘草属具双内孔或单内孔且为异极,为进化类型。     

国产毛茛科银莲花族十七种植物的细胞学研究

研究了国产毛茛科银莲花族Trib．Anemoneae 17种植物的染色体数目和核型。10种银莲花属  Anemone L．植物中,1种(西南银莲花A．davidii)为x=8的四倍体(2n=4x=32),5种(匍枝银莲花A．  stolonifera、草玉梅 A．rivularis、卵叶银莲花A ．begoniifolia、水棉花A．hupehensis f. alba、大火草A．tomen-  tosa)为x=8的二倍体(2n=2x=16),4种(鹅掌草A．flaccida、湿地银莲花A．rupestris、蓝匙叶银莲花  A．trullifolia var．colestina、拟条叶银莲花A．trullifolia var．holophylla、展毛银莲花A．demissa)为x=7的  二倍体(2n=2x=14)。罂粟莲花Anemoclema glaucifolium 为x=8的二倍体。6种铁线莲属Clematis L.植  物(滇川铁线莲C．kockiana、长花铁线莲C．rehderiana、毛茛铁线莲C．ranunculoides、扬子铁线莲C．  puberula var．ganpiniana、短尾铁线莲C．brevicaudata、金毛铁线莲A．chrysocoma)均为x=8的二倍体。银  莲花属中x=7的种类的核型彼此十分相似,均由6对大型具中部着丝点的染色体和1对具端部着丝点  的染色体组成;x=8的二倍体种类的核型与罂粟莲花属和铁线莲属植物的核型十分相似,均由5对大型  具中部着丝点和3对具端部或近端部着丝点的染色体组成。     

国产12种苔藓植物的染色体数目

报道了中国产12种苔藓植物染色体数目,结果为:壶苞苔Blasia pusilla,n=9;艳绿光苔Cyathodium smaragdinum,n=9;紫背苔Plagiochasma rupestre,n=9;石地钱Reboulia hemisphaerica,n=9;宽片叶苔Riccardia latifrons,n=10;尖叶美喙藓Eurhynchium eustegium,n=11;东亚沼羽藓Helodium sachalinense,n=11;白齿藓Leucodon sciuroides,n=11     

江西九江新公园猫爪草染色体数目错误报道的更正

 对江西九江新公园猫爪草染色体数目的报道进行了改正,发现其染色体数目稳定,为2n=16,因此该种并不象前人所报道的那样是一个多倍体复合体。     

中国部分木兰科植物染色体数目

作者观察了我国木兰科7属30种植物的染色体数目,其中23种为首次报道．     

猕猴桃属十种三变种的染色体数目

Somatic chromosome numbers of 10 species and 3 varieties in  ActinidiaLindl. are reported for the first time, except A. polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Maxim. Twoploidy levels, diploid and tetraploid, are found both in A. polygama and A. kolomikta (Ma-xim. et Rupr.) Maxim. Chromosome numbers are listed as follows: A. kolomikta (Maxim. etRupr.) Maxim. 2n=58, 116, A. polygama (Sieb. et Zucc. Maxim. 2n=58, 116, A. macrosper-ma Liang 2n=116, A. callosa var. henryi Maxim. 2n=116, A. callosa var. discoler Liang 2n=116, A. cylindrica Liang 2n=58, A. chrysantha Liang 2n=116, A. sabiaefolia Dunn 2n=58, A. melliana Hand.-Mazz. 2n=58, A. hemsleyana Dunn 2n=58, A. fulvicoma var. lanata(Hemsl.) Liang 2n=58, A. latifolia (Gardn. et Champ.) Merr. 2n=58, and A. lanceolataDunn 2n=58.     

十二种国产兰科植物的染色体数目

The present paper reports the chromosome numbers of 12 species in Or-chidaceae from China. The results are as follows: Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Rchb. f. 2n=32, Calanthe discolor Lindl. 2n=40, Calanthe hamata Hand. -Mazz. 2n=40, Cephalantheraerecta (Thunb.) Bl. 2n=34, Cephalanthera falcata  (Thunb.)  B1. 2n=34,  Changnieniaamoena Chien 2n=46, Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino 2n = 42, Dendrobiummoniliforme (L.) Sw. 2n=38, Gastrodia elata Bl. n=15,  18, Liparis dunnii Rolfe 2n=20, Platanthera minor (Miq.) Rchb. f. 2n=42, Pleione bulbocoidioides (Franch.) Rolfe2n=40.     

伞形科植物染色体数目报告

In the present paper, chromosome numbers are reported for 33 speciesand varieties of Chinese Umbelliferae which belong to 17 genera in the subfamily Api-oideae.  Chromosome number of each species is shown in Table I.  Eighteen countingsare newly reported.  Chromatin bridges and fragments were observed at anaphase I insome materials.  It is suggested that the fertility reduction in some species is due tothe chromosome aberrations.     

沙冬青染色体数目及核型的研究

本文首次报道了沙冬青的染色体数目及核型,沙冬青  Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.)Cheng f.染色体基数目为x＝9,其核型公式为  2n=18=4m十14sm(2SAT)。     

杭子梢属10种植物的染色体数目

本文报道了杭子梢属Campylotropis Bunge国产10种1变种的染色体数目,其小孢子染色体数目为n=11,体细胞染色体数目为2n=22。 在光果小雀花C．polyantha var．leiocarpa中发现有少数个体为2n=23的非整倍体。     

辽宁沙参属两个种的补记及染色体数目

 此文包括了缢花沙参Adenophora contracta (Kitag．)  J．  Z．  Qu  et  Hong 和松叶沙参 A．pinifolia Kitag．两个种。在过去,前者曾被处理为石沙参的变种(A.polyantha Nakai var．contracta Kitag．)。本文通过对它的地理分布、植物体形态和细胞学特征的研究,发现它相当独特。所以,把它处理为种的等级A．contracta (Kitag．) J．Z．Qu. et Hong。后者,曾被洪德元(1983)处理为存疑种。在此被确认为独立的种。     

益母草的染色体数目

Leonurus japonicus Houtt. [L. heterophyllus Sweet, L. artemisia  (Lour.) S.  Y.Hu]  is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines used as a remedy for gynaeco-logical disease since ancient times.  A cytological investigation on the species was carried outand the materials for chromosomal examination were collected from 26 localities in 20 provi-noes and autonomous regions of this country.  The number of chromosomes in root tip cell ofthe species was found to be 20 on the whole (Tab. 1:1), agreeing with those reported by Ma andal.[2] and probably by Chuang and al.[3] as well.     The genus Leonurus L. is variable in its  chromosomes with an aneuploidy of x=9, 10 and12.  The present authors would propose that the primitive basic number of chromosome in thegenus is 9, and thus both 10 and 12 are derived, for: (1) among the 9 species (including 1 sub-species) heretofore cytologically examined, x=9 occurring in 66.7%, x=10 occurring in 22.2%,while x=12 occurring only in 11.1%; (2) in generaclosely related to the genus under considera-tion, such as Panzeria, Galeobdolon and Lamium x=9 being the sole basic number.     But L. japonicus exhibits a mixoploidy of 2n=20 (occurring at the rate of 53.30% of thetotal amount of cells examined), 2n=18 (30.70%), and 2n=16 (15.99%) in our work. (Table1).  Since the original basic number of  chromosome of the genus is 9 as proposed above, 2n=20 would be considered as a derived one and the occurrence of 2n=18 probably suggests anearly evolutionary trend of 2n=18→20 of the pecies in question.     

国产刺参属二新种

This paper reports two new species of Morina L.from western China, namelyM.bracteata C. Y. Cheng et H.B.Chen and M.lorifolia C.Y. Cheng et H. B.Chen.     

国产十四种苋属植物的染色体数目

报道了国产14种苋属植物的染色体数目。部分种的染色体数目为2n=34,即反枝苋Amaranthus  retroflexus,刺苋A．spinosus,红苋A．cruentus,腋花苋A．roxburghianus,合被苋A．polygonoides,皱果苋A．  viridis,凹头苋A．lividus,苋A．tricolor。其他种的染色体数目为2n=32,即尾穗苋A．caudatus,绿穗苋A．  hybridus,千穗谷A．hypochendriacus,繁穗苋A．paniculatus,北美苋A．blitoides,白苋A．albus。其中腋花  苋的染色体数目为首次报道。该属染色体基数为x=16,17。两种染色体基数在苋属2个组(sect．Ama-  ranthus和sect．Blitopsis)中均存在。由于苋属植物染色体大多为小型染色体,因此对苋属植物目前尚不  能进行详尽的核型分析。