气质类型与篮球选材

气质类型是运动员所必须具备的重要的心理素质。它与个人技术特长有密切的关系。目前,国内外篮球训练都非常重视个人特长的培养,因为它是个人攻击性最稳定、最有效的武器,也是衡量一名优秀运动员的重要标志。因此,运动员的气质类型及其选材问题日益引起教练员高度重视。本文的研究目的是通过对篮球运动员气质类型的测定,进一步探讨和分析篮球运动员气质类型的分布特点以及不同气质类型运动员在某些技术指标上的差异,分析气质类型与技术特长、位置的关系,为篮球运动员     

篮球运动员特长技术重要性及其培养

为了更好的提高篮球运动员的技术水平，运用了文献资料法、观察、走访谈话研究方法，对我国篮球运动员的特长技术重要性、培养模式和方法进行了分析探讨。说明了特长技术在篮球运动员技术发展中占有重要的地位，发展和培养篮球运动员的特长技术是1个值得我们研究和解决的问题。     

浅谈篮球运动员的神经类型及心理训练

适宜的气质类型是运动员所必需具备的重要心理素质，它与个人技术特长及位置分工有密切关系。优秀篮球运动员的成长因素是多方面的，不仅需要具有超群的身体素质，极大的生理潜力和遗传方面的优势，而且还需要有运用、动员和发挥这些优势的心理能力，具有良好的心理品质。根据气质的可塑性，需要自控能力来支配和完善自己的气质，使其扬长避短，将之运用到教学中就可以培养出全面的篮球运动员。     

对篮球运动员气质类型的初步研究

本文对１３６名参加山东大学生篮球赛运动员进行了气质类型的数理统计和综合分析，归纳了运动员气质类型的总体分布特点以及不同位置上运动员的气质类型的分布特点。得出了篮球运动员气质类型的不同，在场上的表现及所担任的角色也不同的结论。     

篮球运动员的气质类型与位置

在篮球运动员的选材和训练中，不仅要考虑其特殊的身体条件和身体素质，还要顾及其气质类型。本从多方面对篮球运动员的气质类型与位置的关系进行论述，以便为篮球教练员进行科学选材与训练提供理论依据。     

气质类型与篮球运动员能力发展方向

本文运用文献综述的方法,通过对国内外关于篮球运动员气质类型方面的研究,讨论了篮球运动员气质类型与能力发展方向的关系,并对篮球选材提出了由原来的为篮球项目选才细化为为赛场上的某一具体位置的选才,将选才的目标进一步细化,为篮球运动员的心理选材提出了有效参考。     

篮球运动员特长技术重要性及其培养

本文通过对世界篮球最高水平的聚会的奥运会比赛中队员的特长技术的研究,并查阅了一些NBA著名球员和我国的著名运动员的特长技术,并对他们的培养方式、方法等进行了分析和研究。研究结果表明,越是优秀的运动员他们具有全面的基本技术,也具有最多的特长技术,他们往往在比赛中是球队的灵魂,常常把他们的特长技术发挥得淋漓尽致,使对手防不胜防,给对手以致命的打击,是夺取比赛胜利的关键。世界篮球优秀运动员特长技术的特点具有前沿性、稳定性、独特性、攻击性、观赏性。其特长技术的分类是依据特长技术的参与人群的数量,可以分为个人的特长…     

粘液质篮球运动员与后卫位置的亲和作用分析

从运动心理学的角度分析NBA著名篮球后队员的气质类型，结果显示粘液质篮球运动员更适合后卫位置。     

针对不同气质类型的篮球运动员进行心理训练的研究

根据四种不同的气质类型即多血质、粘液质、胆汁质和抑郁质,对篮球运动员进行不同的心理训练,能够使不同的类型得到因材施教,使篮球运动员逐步完善自己的专业技术水平,适应竞技化程度越来越高的篮球比赛。     

我国男子CUBA运动员与篮球专项学生焦虑和气质类型的对比分析

通过采用量表测试法、文献资料法和实验观察法等对中国CUBA运动员与篮球专项学生焦虑和气质类型进行分析研究,结果是CUBA运动员与篮球专项学生的赛前状态焦虑具有位置差异,中锋高于前锋、后卫;前锋、后卫间没有差异;而特质焦虑各个位置间没有显著差异,同时CUBA运动员和篮球专项学生的气质特征影响其特质焦虑和赛前状态焦虑水平.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.