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在排列组合问题中有一类问题是讨论把m个元素放在n个位置有多少种不同方法,这类问题在汉字编码、信号输出、股票投资、桥牌比赛、彩票中奖等实际问题中都有应用.解决这类问题关键是正确区分具体问题中的元素是有序、无序或者需要排序.我们先看下面一个简单的例子. 相似文献
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数学应用问题解决图式理论的实证研究与认知分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
廖运章 《上海师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2000,29(11):37-41
利用有暗示与无暗示试题开展数学应用问题解决图式理论实验,探索模式识别在数学应用问题解决中的认知特征。 相似文献
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曹国梅 《周口师范学院学报》2008,25(5)
讨论了单机成组排序问题的加权总完工时间和最大延迟时间的极小化问题.并分别给出了算法.对于单杌成组排序误工总数问题,通过构造函数,利用动态规划方法给出其算法. 相似文献
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[数学问题351]问题 P为三角形ABC内的一点,直线4P分别交边BC和三角形ABC的外接圆于点M和N,当点P为三角形ABC的内心,重心,约尔刚点(M为内切圆切点),奈格尔点(M为旁切圆切点),外心和垂心时,分别记线段MN的长为l_1,l_G.l_K,l_O,l_H. 相似文献
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如果一个数学问题 ,涉及到一批可以比较大小的对象 (如实数、线段、角、面积等等 ) ,它们之间事前并未规定顺序 ,在解题时 ,若能按照某种顺序关系 (如实数的大小、线段的长短等 )把它们依次排列起来 ,对问题的解决常常是有益的 .这种通过把所讨论的对象依某种顺序排列起来以达到解题目的的方法 ,我们称之为排序法 ,本文举列说明排序法在解题方面的应用 .1 解方程 (组 )例 1 求方程 ω!=x!+y!+z!的所有正整数解 .解 不妨设 x≤ y≤ z,显然有 w≥ z+1.所以有 (z+1) !≤w!=x!+y!+z!≤ 3z!,即 z+1≤ 3,z≤ 2 ,只能 x=y=z=2 ,w=3.例 2 已知方… 相似文献
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在新课程改革中,数学的教学分为文科数学和理科数学,必修数学和选修数学.在数学选修4-5中加入了排序不等式的新内容,经研究发现,排序不等式可以非常巧妙地解决某类物理问题,并能很大程度地做到把抽象的数学理论与形象的物理情景完美结合.高中数学选修4-5第3讲第3节中提到的排序 相似文献
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A hybrid two-stage flowshop scheduling problem was considered which involves m identical parallel machines at Stage 1 and a burn-in processor M at Stage 2, and the makespan was taken as the minimization objective. This scheduling problem is NP-hard in general. We divide it into eight subcases. Except for the following two subcases: (1) b≥ an, max{m, B} 〈 n; (2) a1 ≤ b ≤ an, m ≤ B 〈 n, for all other subcases, their NP-hardness was proved or pointed out, corresponding approximation algorithms were conducted and their worst-case performances were estimated. In all these approximation algorithms, the Multifit and PTAS algorithms were respectively used, as the jobs were scheduled in m identical parallel machines. 相似文献
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A hybrid two-stage flowshop scheduling problem was considered which involves m identical parallel machines at Stage 1 and a burn-in processor M at Stage 2,and the makespan was taken as the minimization objective.This scheduling prob- lem is NP-hard in general.We divide it into eight subcases.Except for the following two subcases:(1)b≥a_n,max{m,B}<n; (2)a_1≤b≤a_n,m≤B≤n,for all other subcases,their NP-hardness was proved or pointed out,corresponding approxima- tion algorithms were conducted and their worst-case performances were estimated.In aU these approximation algorithms,the Multifit and PTAS algorithms were respectively used,as the jobs were scheduled in m identical parallel machines. 相似文献
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In this paper, a single-machine scheduling model with a given common due date and simple linear processing times was considered. The objective is the total weighted tardiness penalty and earliness award. Some polynomial time solvable cases for this problem are given. A dynamic programming algorithm was provided and a branch and bound algorithm for general case of the problem was provided based on a rapid method for estimating the lower bound. 相似文献
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提出一种带有配送时间的单机排序问题,配送时间具有学习效应,目标为极小化总配送完成时间.证明了两个特殊情形下的最优序;分析一般情形下排序问题的性质,并由此得到一致性条件下该问题的最优序. 相似文献
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研究单机具有递减率的加工时间成组排序问题,目标函数为超前有奖延迟受罚排序问题.研究了该问题的3种特殊情形,给出了相应的最优算法和计算复杂性的分析. 相似文献
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以极小化平均流程时间为目标的批排序问题是十分重要的,因为极小化平均流程时间等价于极小化平均在制品占用.由于这一问题属于NP-难题,不存在多项式算法保证求得最优解.基于对该问题模型结构分析,本文提出了一个新的启发式算法.计算机模拟结果表明,该算法简便且优度高. 相似文献
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为求解最小化最大延误无等待流水车间调度问题,提出了3个基于任务块交换的邻域,其中块交换邻域的规模为O(n4),块对换和简化块交换邻域的规模为O(n3).所提邻域的规模均大于现有邻域,因此可提高局部搜索算法的解质量.给出了3个邻域的加速性质,使一个相邻解的评估时间为常量,邻域的评估时间与其规模成正比.同基于支配规则的加速方法相比,所提出的加速性质适用于任何机器数.在禁忌搜索中比较了3个邻域,以及块对换和简化块交换邻域的并集.标准实例集上的计算结果表明:3个基于O(n3)邻域的禁忌搜索算法均好于现有算法;在所有的测试算法中,采用邻域并集的禁忌搜索算法的性能最好. 相似文献
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The permutation flowshop scheduling problem (PFSP) is one of the most well-known and well-studied production scheduling problems with strong industrial background. This paper presents a new hybrid optimization algorithm which combines the strong global search ability of artificial immune system (AIS) with a strong local search ability of extremal optimization (EO) algorithm. The proposed algorithm is applied to a set of benchmark problems with a makespan criterion. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated. Comparison results indicate that this new method is an effective and competitive approach to the PFSP. 相似文献
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HAN Shu-guang JIANG Yi-wei HU Jue-liang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(1):127-133
INTRODUCTION In this paper we investigate the uniform ma-chines scheduling problem with machine activationcost. This problem has application in garment pro-duction of international trade and is motivated by thefollowing scenario. Import-export company is com-pared to scheduler in this model, and orders are jobs,which arrive one by one. And garment factories canbe regarded as machines. Since jobs should be fin-ished on time, scheduler will choose a reasonablenumber of machines to make the… 相似文献