Improved Synthesis of Nefazodone from Phenol

A route for the synthesis of nefazodone is reported. Nefazodone was obtained with an overall yield of 37. 2% from phenol. The key steps involve the improved synthesis of 5-ethyl-4-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1, 2, 4-triazol-3(2H)-one, a key intermediate in the synthesis of nefazodone. The phenol was etherified with 1, 2-dichloroethane (75%), followed by iodination-amination with Nal and CH_3OH-NH_3(85.7%), acylation with ethyl chloroformate (95.7%) and cyclization with propionyl hy-drazine (83.6%).     

Synthesis of Silver Sulf ide Quantum Dots Via the Liquid–Liquid Interface Reaction in a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor

We developed the high-gravity coupled liquid–liquid interface reaction technique on the basis of the rotating packed bed(RPB) reactor for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of silver sulfi de(Ag_2S) quantum dots(QDs) with near-infrared(NIR) luminescence. The formation of Ag_2S QDs occurs at the interface of microdroplets, and the average size of Ag_2S QDs was 4.5 nm with a narrow size distribution. Ag_2S QDs can disperse well in various organic solvents and exhibit NIR luminescence with a peak wavelength at 1270 nm under 980-nm laser excitation. The mechanism of the process intensifi cation was revealed by both the computational fl uid dynamics simulation and fl uorescence imaging, and the mechanism is attributed to the small and uniform droplet formation in the RPB reactor. This study provides a novel approach for the continuous and ultrafast synthesis of NIR Ag_2S QDs for potential scale-up.     

Developing Pragmatic Competence in Chinese EFL Classroom

This paper aims at investigating effective classroom-based instructive methods that facilitate the development of pragmatic competence of the intermediate-level adult English learners in China,who have gained relatively high grammatical competence but low pragmatic competence.The paper starts with the importance and components of pragmatic competence.It then examines what should be taught to help develop learners’ pragmatic competence.The paper focuses on some explicit instructive methods adopted by the author in her conversational English class that may raise learners’ awareness of pragmatic knowledge and enhance learners’ practice of pragmatic abilities:1) Encouragement of learners’ observation of pragmatic phenomena by English speakers from authentic audio-visual materials;2) Discussion of linguistic variations for each speech act and strategies of carrying out certain speech acts according to contextual cues;3) Role-play tasks engaging students in different speech events and communicative actions.The effectiveness of these methods is shown by test results after at the end of the course.     

Blind separation of speech signals based on wavelet transform and independent component analysis

Speech signals in frequency domain were separated based on discrete wavelet transform （DWT） and inde- pendent component analysis （ICA）. First, mixed speech signals were decomposed into different frequency domains by DWT and the subbands of speech signals were separated using ICA in each wavelet domain; then, the permutation and scaling problems of frequency domain blind source separation （BSS） were solved by utilizing the correlation between adjacent bins in speech signals; at last, source signals were reconstructed from single branches. Experiments were car- ried out with 2 sources and 6 microphones using speech signals at sampling rate of 40 kHz. The microphones were aligned with 2 sources in front of them, on the left and right. The separation of one male and one female speeches lasted 2.5 s. It is proved that the new method is better than single ICA method and the signal to noise ratio is improved by 1 dB approximately.     

On the Differences of Apology Speech Act in Chinese and English

The language of apology is a special kind of speech which could provide support for the hearer who is offended. And speech act reflects a variety of culture norms and values and serves, the speech of apology can act as a mirror of certain cultural values in Chinese and English cultures. This paper analyzes the different categories, strategies and restraining factors of the apolo?gized speech. Then the following conclusion is arrived:The different communication ways and value orientation directly lead to the different choices of apology strategies.     

Kinetically Controlled Carboxypeptidase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Novel Antioxidant Dipeptide Precursor BOC-Tyr-Ala

Recently, enzymatic peptide synthesis has drawn increasing attention due to its eco-friendly reagents and mild conditions, as compared to traditional chemical peptide synthesis. In this study, we successfully produced an important antioxidant dipeptide precursor, BOC-Tyr-Ala, via a kinetically controlled enzymatic peptide synthesis reaction, catalyzed by the recombinant carboxypeptidase Y(CPY) expressed in P. pastoris GS115. In this reaction, the enzyme activity was 95.043 U/mL, and we used t-butyloxycarbonyl-L-tyrosine-methyl ester(BOC-Tyr-OMe) as the acyl donor and L-alanine( L-Ala) was the amino donor. We optimized the reaction conditions to be: 30 °C, pH 9.5, organic phase(methanol)/aqueous phase = 1:20, BOC-Tyr-OMe 0.05 mol/L, Ala 0.5 mol/L, and a reaction time of 12 h. Under these conditions, the dipeptide yield reached 49.84%. Then, we established the kinetic model of the synthesis reaction in the form of Michaelis–Menten equation according to the concentration–time curve during the process and the transpeptidation mechanism. We calculated the apparent Michaelis constant K_m~(app) and the apparent maximum reaction rate r_(max)~(app) to be 2.9946 × 10~(-2)mol/L and 2.0406 × 10~(-2)mmol/(mL h), respectively.     

Investigating Pragmatics of Complaint Speech Acts in English and Chinese

The speech act of complaint is an important research subject of pragmatics,which is worthy of research among speech acts.With the development of research into speech acts,some scholars have performed investigations of complaints,but they have done little work on Chinese language complaints.Therefore,it is necessary to make a further study on complaint as a speech act in Chinese.This thesis is based on speech act theory and the politeness principle as an empirical study of the speech act of com plaint in Chinese.It aims to provide a more complete and comprehensive result of participant production of the speech act of complaint.     

Preparation of nanometer γ-Fe2O3 by electrochemical oxidation in non-aqueous medium

1IntroductionThe synthesis and characterization of nano-struc-tured materials are the subject of intense current re-search.Hyperfineγ-Fe2O3particle with good perfor-mance,such as magnetism,catalysis,gas-sensitivityand so on,are widely applied in various fields[1].It ishighly significant to research and develop the methodsfor synthesis of nanometerγ-Fe2O3.With the development of nano-science and nano-technology,the methods for preparation ofγ-Fe2O3have been greatly progressed,for example,…     

非谓语动词专项练习

用所给动词的适当形式填空1.He entered the classroom_______(follow)bya group of students.2.______(not receive)a reply,we wrote again.3.______(inspire)by the expert’s speech,LiHua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.4.My wife had a long talk     

Modeling and loading compensation of a rotary valve-controlled pitch system for wind turbines

A rotary valve-controlled pitch system is proposed to regulate the generator power and smooth power fluctuations for a wind turbine. Design details and dynamic modeling of this pitch system are presented and analyzed. A practical loading compensation approach is synthesized and involved in the pitch system to compensate for the external uncertain pitch loads. The proposed pitch system and loading compensation approach have been experimentally evaluated in terms of generator power smoothing and control accuracy. As demonstrated by the comparative experimental results, the proposed pitch system can be used to significantly smooth the generator power fluctuations and hence to improve the power quality as compared with a servo valve-controlled pitch system under the same operating conditions. The loading compensation approach can also be used to significantly attenuate the effects of external pitch loads and improve the robustness and reliability of the pitch system. The proposed pitch system features good control accuracy and cost-efficiency and hence is attractive for applications in modern largescale wind turbines.     

煤沥青应用研究综述

煤沥青是煤炭经高温热分解后的副产物煤焦油经进一步蒸馏加工后的产物,煤沥青组成极为复杂,具有稳定的性能,以煤沥青为原料,经过进一步加工后可获得一系列重要的高附加值衍生产品;综述了煤沥青用作煤沥青涂料、筑路沥青、炭素工业浸渍剂和粘结剂以及中间相煤沥青等方面的应用原理和进展。     

Development in children's interpretation of pitch cues to emotions

Young infants respond to positive and negative speech prosody (A. Fernald, 1993), yet 4-year-olds rely on lexical information when it conflicts with paralinguistic cues to approval or disapproval (M. Friend, 2003). This article explores this surprising phenomenon, testing one hundred eighteen 2- to 5-year-olds' use of isolated pitch cues to emotions in interactive tasks. Only 4- to 5-year-olds consistently interpreted exaggerated, stereotypically happy or sad pitch contours as evidence that a puppet had succeeded or failed to find his toy (Experiment 1) or was happy or sad (Experiments 2, 3). Two- and 3-year-olds exploited facial and body-language cues in the same task. The authors discuss the implications of this late-developing use of pitch cues to emotions, relating them to other functions of pitch.     

硬沥青添加改性制备发泡聚苯乙烯研究

利用深度萃取脱油方法制备的高软化点硬沥青材料, 通过熔融共混的方法对聚苯乙烯进行添加改性, 并通过高压渗透发泡剂的方法进行预发泡处理, 对蒸汽发泡后的泡沫聚苯乙烯进行了压缩强度, 吸水性, 发泡倍率等表征, 结果表明硬沥青的添加不会对材料的发泡性能产生影响, 但压缩强度会有所降低。     

Spatial Metaphor Facilitates Word Learning

Why are spatial metaphors, like the use of “high” to describe a musical pitch, so common? This study tested one hundred and fifty-four 3- to 5-year-old English-learning children on their ability to learn a novel adjective in the domain of space or pitch and to extend this adjective to the untrained dimension. Children were more proficient at learning the word when it described a spatial attribute compared to pitch. However, once children learned the word, they extended it to the untrained dimension without feedback. Thus, children leveraged preexisting associations between space and pitch to spontaneously understand new metaphors. These results suggest that spatial metaphors may be common across languages in part because they scaffold children’s acquisition of word meanings that are otherwise difficult to learn.     

基于正弦模型的汉语语音的韵律修正

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒ ,ａｔｉｍｅ ｓｃａｌｅａｎｄｐｉｔｃｈ ｓｃａｌｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａ ｔｉｏｎａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ[2 ] ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｓｉｎｕｓｏｉｄａｌｍｏｄｅｌｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｉｎ ｐｒｏｓｏｄｉｃｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｐｅｅｃｈ .Ｉｔｉｓａｐｉｔｃｈ ｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｏｕｓａｌｇｏｒｉｔｈｍ .Ｅａｃｈｆｒａｍｅｏｆｓｈｏｒｔ ｔｅｒｍｓｐｅｅｃｈｓｉｇｎａｌｉｓｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｕｍｏｆｓｉ ｎｕｓｏｉｄａｌｗａｖｅｓｏｆ…     

Field Study and the Rhetoric Curriculum

Using field study to teach writing and speaking in rhetoric impacts both how technical communication defines itself and its role in the curriculum. This article reviews materials that support field study, describes course assignments, and examines student writing. I find that as field study offers a precise, event-based resource for teaching rhetoric, so rhetoric offers an audience-centered format to bring properties of the field inside.     

西充方言“轻声、儿化”调值中平现象研究

西充方言属于入声独立区,中古入声字独立一调,调值中平(33);但音系中的中平调不仅仅只表示中古入声字的调值,还出现于轻声、儿化音以及叠音词的次音节上,这便造成了调类和调值的错位。文章认为,这样的错位,首先源于儿化等语法层面因素的渗透,渐渐导致语音的弱化;而其调值与入声的趋同,则源自音系内部的整化原则的系统整合。     

Patterns of motivating teaching behaviour and student engagement: a microanalytic approach

Positive student engagement is a prerequisite for students’ educational success. In this study, a microanalytic approach was used to explore patterns in teachers’ use of specific motivating teaching behaviours from the perspective of self-determination theory in relation to indicators of students’ positive engagement. The lessons of 52 teachers were observed and event-based coded. Results showed that specifically asking motivating questions and providing positive feedback and support during exercises were associated with subsequent positive student engagement. Unexpectedly, some demotivating teaching behaviours were also found to relate to positive student engagement, although to a lesser extent. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

     

朗读中语调偏误的类型分析

朗读的语调是语流中呈现出来的音高变化的总体模式,它与字调、轻重、停连、快慢等因素有关。从字调偏误、轻重音失当、语句高低升降的“失势”、停连的“失态”、语速快慢的“失度”等方面入手对语调偏误的类型进行剖析,将有利于朗读实践。