盐酸氯普鲁卡因的合成工艺

以对硝基甲苯为原料,逐一探讨盐酸氯普鲁卡因的合成过程     

羟丙基b-环糊精包合硫酸氢氯吡格雷片的制备工艺研究

目的通过对羟丙基b-环糊精包合硫酸氢氯吡格雷片的制备工艺研究,找到最佳原料配比。方法选用特殊辅料水溶性羟丙基b-环糊精,将硫酸氢氯吡格雷进入其空穴中,提高主药稳定性。结果研究出最优处方:硫酸氢氯吡格雷16.15%,羟丙基b-环糊精58.05%,PEG-6000 12.9%,70%乙醇12.9%。结论羟丙基b-环糊精包合硫酸氢氯吡格雷片各项指标均符合标准。     

盐酸克林霉素凝胶的制备工艺与质量标准研究

目的：探讨研究盐酸克林霉素凝胶的制备工艺,并建立其质量标准研究方法。方法以盐酸克林霉素磷酸酯为主药,卡波姆940为辅料,制备盐酸克林霉素凝胶剂;并应用高效液相色谱法来测定其含量。结果盐酸克林霉素在2.5-19.0 mg/ml内线性关系良好,平均回收率为99.92%,RSD=0.587%（n=3）。结论：该制剂的制备工艺操作简便、可行,质量控制方法准确、稳定、可控,且分离度好,能够作为盐酸克林霉素凝胶的质量标准研究的方法。     

盐酸头孢甲肟的合成

本文以收率为指标对盐酸头孢甲肟合成工艺进行研究。本文采用高效液相测定盐酸头孢甲肟含量。0．1％冰乙酸水溶液－乙腈（82：18）为流动相;检测波长为254nm;流速1．0mL·min^-1,本实验对沉淀出盐酸头孢甲肟的滤液进行处理,采用树脂吸附,解析后再沉淀,增加了收率。本工艺收率高,优于原有工艺。     

盐酸氨溴索缓释片的研究

制备日服一次的盐酸氨溴索缓释片,并采用体外方法对其进行科学评价。以羟丙甲纤维素(HPMC K4M)为基本骨架材料,采用湿法制粒工艺制备盐酸氨溴索缓释片。采用高效液相色谱法测定释放度。最佳处方每片含主药盐酸氨溴索75mg,辅料HPMC K4M60mg,乳糖312 36mg,微晶纤维素101 18mg,聚维酮K30 10mg及硬脂酸镁2mg;最佳制备工艺为湿法制粒工艺。本处方工艺稳定,适用于盐酸氨溴索缓释片的工业化生产。     

盐酸阿奇霉素注射液的制备工艺与质量研究

目的:确立盐酸阿奇霉素注射液的处方及制备工艺,并建立其质量控制研究方法。方法:通过多组选择性实验来确定盐酸阿奇霉素的处方及制备工艺,同时采用HPLC法来对其含量及有关物质进行测定和检测。结果盐酸阿奇霉素在0.1-1.0 mg/ml的浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9998。平均回收率为99.82%,RSD=0.53%,n=6。结论:盐酸阿奇霉素注射液的处方设计合理,制备工艺可行、简便,质量稳定、可靠。     

头孢克洛片的处方工艺及质量研究

目的:研究并分析头孢克洛分散片的处方工艺,以及以头孢克洛为主,盐酸溴已新为辅的分散片制剂质量。方法:研究并分析头孢克洛、盐酸溴已新以及相关辅助材料的影响因素,在选取恰当辅助材料的基础之上,针对头孢克洛片的处方工艺加以合理优化,并通过以溶出度为衡量标准的试验方式,分析所制备头孢克洛片的制剂质量。结果:本文所阐述的头孢克洛分散片处方工艺简便,具有分散溶出快的特点。试验研究测定结果显示:在25min时间范围内,按照本文处方工艺所制备而成的头孢克洛分散片累计溶出率达到了95%以上,证实其质量稳定有效。结论:本文所述处方工艺下所制备而成的头孢克洛分散片质量稳定,符合现行中国药典基本要求与规范,值得应用与推广。     

盐酸苯海拉明口崩片的制备工艺及质量控制研究

研究盐酸苯海拉明口崩片的处方工艺,并建立质量控制方法。方法:用无定形乳糖和甘露醇为赋形剂,制备盐酸苯海拉明口崩片,采用高效液相色谱法来测定盐酸苯海拉明的含量。结果:盐酸苯海拉明线性范围为5-80ug.ml-1,线性关系良好(r=0.9999),平均回收率为100.30%,RSD为0.11%。结论:该处方及制备工艺简单、合理可行。质量标准可靠、全面,质量控制方法准确可靠。     

盐酸伐昔洛韦在多壁碳纳米管--Nafion修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

应用循环伏安法和徽分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法研究了盐酸伐昔洛韦在多壁碳纳米管-Nafion修饰电极上的电化学行为,发现在该电极上有一灵敏氧化峰,并对其在修饰电极上的电化学行为进行了初步探讨。此法测定的线性范围为4．0×10—7～1．0×10-5mol／L,检出限为1．5×10—7mol／L。用该法对盐酸伐昔洛韦片进行了测定,回收率为96．5％-100．4％。并探讨了盐酸伐昔洛韦在修饰电极上的电极过程和反应机理。     

盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液的制备及稳定性研究

本文对盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液的制备工艺及稳定性进行研究。以pH、含量、不溶性微粒、可见异物等指标考察盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液的稳定性。含量测定方法准确、重现性好,可用于盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液的稳定性考察。盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液对光照和高温具有一定耐受能力。盐酸川芎嗪氯化钠注射液可以存放24个月。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence