文化关联与跨文化翻译

关联理论认为人们在跨文化交际过程中,包含归化和异化两种途径。关联理论把翻译看作是一个跨语言、跨文化的认知过程,这为跨文化翻译提供了新的研究视角。本文借助文化关联的认知语境获得最佳关联,实现译语与源语高度一致的文化效应。     

Pupil participation and curriculum relevance

Some results of formative research carried out in primary schools in rural India have been presented. The relationship between the lesson content and the participation of the pupils has been investigated. The spontaneous participation of pupils in teacher-directed classrooms is shown to be correlated with the time spent by the teacher in relating the content of the textbook to the natural experiences of the pupils. The use of an experiment or a teaching aid is also found to be useful in drawing participation from the pupils. The results of the study are relevant for teachers working in a traditional, teacher-dominated sytem of education.     

Education and the cult of relevance

Abstract

Recent policy developments within the public service sector have led to widespread de‐professionalisation and a general loss of motivation and morale within education, health and social work. This state of affairs has been brought about by the imposition of a social market on public sector professions and through the introduction of competence‐based education and training (CBET) strategies into professional studies. These developments are criticised for their failure to capture the essential epistemological and moral dimensions of the work of professionals, and programmes for professional regeneration are recommended through the renewed emphasis on the workplace as the site of professional learning. Work‐based learning may enable professionals to re‐affirm the importance of experiential learning and reinforce the centrality of the ethical bases of professional practice.     

关联理论与功能语体

关联理论强调人在交际中的主体认知能力,而功能语体强调语言使用的规范性。从关联理论的角度看,语体是示意-推理交际中的示意手段,同时也是推理过程中认知的对象。语体信息是话语意义的组成部分,对话语的关联产生影响。语体手段的超常规的使用可能使得话语具有含义,交际者需要通过推理来获得其意义。     

战略性大学与一流大学建设的新定位

我们所说的一流大学,是指一种类型的大学,还是指一些高层次的大学?是对大学的分类还是分层?这是一个研究一流大学的方法论问题。当然,高层次也是一种分类,是指纵向的分类,但这种分类(实际是在分层),不能仅从这些大学的共性出发,而要看这些大学与其他大学的关系。任何一     

论中美大学学生学习性投入的差异

大学生学习研究成为当前高等教育研究领域的热点。清华大学、南京大学等引进美国大学生学习调查问卷,开展了一系列中美大学生学习比较研究。本文对"中国大学生学习与发展追踪研究"的中美大学生学习性投入比较研究文献进行梳理,分析中美大学生学习性投入具体指标的差异,指出应从中美高等教育课程来理解中美大学生学习性投入的差异;比较中美高等教育课程的差异,发现中美教育课程的差异是中美大学生学习性投入差异深层次原因。中国高等教育课程需要整体的、系统的改革,中国大学生学习研究测量工具需要不断改进。     

大学的学术性与中国大学的改造

我们已经取得了伟大的成就,但和国际先进水平相比仍有不小的差距,特别是国家学术水准与大国地位很不相称,而这又与大学密切相关。本文由此出发,提出了大学改造的命题。文章首先论述了大学的学术性以及大学学术与学术创新的重要性;进而追溯了中国大学的先天缺陷与学术发展中的坎坷历程,分析了中国大学早期发育不良的学术品性与至今仍然堪忧的学术水平和学术风气;最后以中国大学实际为依据,以西方大学学术精神作参照,探讨了改变中国大学学术处境、提高国家学术水准的思路。这一思路概括起来就是觉醒与改造,即解放思想,突破成见,从国家和重点大学做起,促进大学的学术战略觉醒和全面的学术化改造,包括大学理念的转变、办学模式的创新和学术制度的完善,并为此提出了具体的建议。     

本科毕业论文多元化改革路径研究

单一学术型本科毕业论文由于存在种种弊端而被诟病,部分学者主张将其废除。毕业论文作为总结大学生四年所学,考查其综合能力的重要手段,不应被＂一刀切＂。文章从财经类高校应用性人才培养的角度,剖析单一学术型论文制存在的弊端,主张本科毕业论文进行多元化改革,并就改革路径进行了探讨。     

Universities and Teacher Education

There have been momentous changes in the organisation and funding of initial teacher training which threaten the traditional role of universities. However, the critics of these changes fail to see that the changes reflect radical developments in higher education more generally as a result of widening participation, greater accountability and more diverse missions. This makes it necessary for each higher education institution to ask what its distinctive contribution could be to the various partnerships – in the case of educational studies, to the partnership with schools.     

Universities and collective bargaining

The author disagrees with Cameron's suggestion that democratization and decentralization were a mistake. As chief lobbyist of the Canadian Association of University Teachers, he argues for collective bargaining. He counters Cameron's support of the continuation of mandatory retirement with reference to the U.S. experience and points to the Supreme Court's defence of tenure.     

Absolutism and the Universities

This paper considers the range of research methods used by the UK education research community. Using insights from 25 interviews with key stakeholders it describes their views on the current strengths and weaknesses in methods, and of what methodological developments are needed for future improvement in this field. Using survey returns from 521 active researchers, the paper goes on to describe the techniques that are available for use, and those where further ‘training’ or experience is required. Using the 8,691 individual RAE returns to education, the paper then summarises the methods reported to be in actual use. Finally, it uses a brief analysis of journal contents as triangulating evidence.Our informants were generally in agreement that there is currently a widespread weakness in the quality of UK education research. Much of this weakness is attributed by them to a shortage of skills in ‘quantitative’ methods. Our other data sources suggest that the latter is less likely than the informants believe. A clear majority of education researchers report having used some quantitative methods, and the substantial number of publications involving quantitative methods supports this view. It is, perhaps, rather the type and quality of both quantitative and qualitative research along with unreasonable expectations by its users that leads to the poor public image of education research. Improvement is not going to come simply by enlarging the group of people using quantitative methods.