青海大学资源勘查工程专业本科生毕业论文质量的反思

本文分析了青海大学资源勘查工程专业本科毕业论文工作中存在的主要问题及影响本科毕业论文质量的原因。笔者根据自身指导本科毕业论文的体会,提出了转变观念、合理选择题目、增强指导教师实践能力和加强过程管理、建立淘汰制度等措施。     

Concept Maps in the Classroom: A New Approach to Reveal Students’ Conceptual Change

ABSTRACT

When entering the classroom, adolescents already hold various conceptions on science topics. Concept maps may function as useful tools to reveal such conceptions although labor-intensive analysis often prevents application in typical classroom situations. The authors aimed to provide teachers with an appropriate approach to analyze students’ concept maps within daily school routine. They intended to conclude qualitative changes from analyzing quantitative parameters. To test the approach, high school students were asked to map their conceptions before and after attending an educational program on climate change. For the analyses, quantitative as well as qualitative methods were applied. A comparison of pre- and postmaps pointed to a conceptual change. From strong correlations between qualitative and quantitative parameters we assumed our approach to be applicable. Due to its simple and barely time-consuming handling, the authors’ approach is suitable for application in conventional classroom situations and may contribute to inform teachers about students’ conceptions.     

Exploring college students’ cognitive patterns during reasoning*

This research aimed to investigate the nature of cognitive processes when college students reason about evidence on global climate change (GCC). Twenty-six undergraduate students participated in this qualitative study, where they were interviewed to evaluate competing arguments on key issues related to GCC and discuss their own perspectives. Constant comparative analysis of data from think-aloud protocols and semi-structured interviews revealed three patterns of reasoning: minimum reasoning, constrained reasoning, and deliberative reasoning. Minimum reasoning demonstrated that participants predominantly favoured arguments which supported their own beliefs, with limited reasoning about the relative correctness of opposing arguments. Constrained reasoning showed participants’ emphasis on surface features of evidence on GCC rather than its scientific underpinnings. In contrast, deliberative reasoning involved more sophisticated cognitive efforts in coordinating evidence and claims, and a key characteristic of this pattern was in-depth statistical and causal reasoning. The current findings added to our understanding of college students’ reasoning processes when they are faced with controversial issues like GCC. This work contributed to current efforts in using cognitive research to inform science and environmental education, and laid a foundation for future endeavours in promoting scientific reasoning and argumentation in climate change education.     

发展绿色经济与防范巨灾风险

随着冬季低温、南方雪灾等灾害的出现,哥本哈根气候大会再次将人们的关注聚焦在发展绿色经济上。以往人们较多关注环境生态指标在历史纵向维度的宏观变化趋势,而忽视了全球气候变化的局部微小波动其实也蕴含着巨灾风险的可能。本文以碳汇模型为桥梁,阐述了绿色经济、气候变化与巨灾风险之间的关系;建立了绿色经济投入-产出模型;评估了发展绿色经济对于防范巨灾风险的效益。结果表明:发展绿色经济,增加植被碳汇,可降低气候变化的剧烈程度,增强巨灾风险防范能力。     

简论兰州城市学院本科学生的文学作品鉴赏问题

兰州城市学院培养学生历来重视综合素质的提升,而文学作品的鉴赏是提升学生人文素养的基石,教师应充分利用课堂教学资源进行这方面的能力训练,具体途径有:一、授课中传授鉴赏技巧。二、活动中培养鉴赏能力。三、写作中提高鉴赏水平。     

六所加拿大高校面向本科生的领导教育

大学生领导教育自20世纪80年代以来在西方国家兴起并日趋活跃,最终蔓延到全世界。培养大学学生的领导力是加拿大高等教育的重要内容之一。目前加拿大共有12所高校开展本科生领导教育,其中卡莫森学院、皇家山大学、圭尔夫大学、新布伦瑞克大学、滑铁卢大学和约克大学等6所学校在本科生领导教育方面具有代表性。这6所学校在培养机构、使命、目标、计划、内容和方法上同中有异,异中有同,各有特色。鉴于此,通过介绍和比较加拿大6所高校面向本科生的领导教育计划,以期对于我国高等教育的发展有所启示。     

听觉通道下盲生与明眼学生时距知觉的比较研究

采用听觉通道下的时段比较和时段复制的实验,比较了盲生和明眼学生在时距知觉上的表现.结果表明:(1)在短时距知觉上,盲生比明眼学生略有优势.在较长时距知觉上,盲生和明眼学生无显著差异.(2)在随时距的变化而出现的时间知觉的变化上,盲生与明眼生的变化趋势相同.     

论普通高校在校大学生英语多义词义项磨蚀研究

外语磨蚀与习得互为逆过程,外语磨蚀研究在国内仍属于起始阶段。本文以英语多义词义项磨蚀为切入点,论述了本研究的意义、特色和方法,旨在进一步推进我国大学英语教学重视其教学的维护,促进习得。     

河北省高校贫困大学生心理健康状况调查

采用症状自评量表SCL-90对河北省5所高校976名贫困大学生进行问卷调查,结果表明:贫困大学生心理健康水平与国内大学生常模比较,总体差异显著;在性别和年级上存在差异;在专业上差异不显著。     

Czech students and mitigation of global warming: beliefs and willingness to take action

Abstract

The future life-styles and pro-environmental behaviour of today’s younger students will be a cardinal factor in mitigating the severity of projected climate change. In this study, Czech students at upper-primary and secondary-school levels responded to a set of covertly paired statements designed to assess their beliefs concerning the usefulness of actions that might ameliorate global warming and the degree to which they are willing to act. Relations between their beliefs and willingness to act were assessed by means of an index of Potential Effectiveness of Education (PEE). The results show that Czech students are generally sceptical about the usefulness of the actions suggested and are among the less willing, in a wider international context, to participate in actual processes that might ameliorate global warming. However, Czech secondary-school students, particularly females, are significantly more willing to act than upper-primary students. Although relatively high PEE values were observed, Czech students tend to underestimate the role of personal consumption and male students in particular are not willing to take actions that involve no immediate personal benefit. Our results thus emphasize the importance of adjusting school curricula by promoting insight into the topic of global warming, and extending that understanding into practical measures.     

当前教育体制下大学生心理障碍成因与对策

本文主要探究当前教育体制下大学生的心理健康问题。经过全国大学生心理健康状况调研发现,有20%以上大学生存在不同程度的心理障碍。究其成因主要为:学习压力、人际关系和个性特征等个人因素;父母教养方式、家庭经济等家庭因素;中小学教育环境、就业压力、教育政策等社会因素。针对大学生心理健康问题,笔者提出预防和改善的措施。     

基于归因理论的大学生学业不良现象研究

归因理论是人们对自己成功或失败的行为和结果进行了解的重要理论,学生的学业成绩是其学习结果的一种外在表现形式,对学生学业成绩的有效分析可以帮助学生了解自我,找出自身存在的优势和劣势。其中,对学业不良学生的分析将使研究更具有针对性。基于此,通过问卷调查的形式分析学业不良学生对自我的归因,以及通过访谈的形式分析他人对学业不良学生的归因,两种方式的结合将能帮助学业不良学生认识自我,找出自己失败的原因,同时针对相关原因提出相应对策,以期帮助学业不良学生改变不良习惯,促进自身的发展。     

新时期少数民族大学生心理健康教育初探

作为新时期高校的一个特殊群体,少数民族大学生不仅是未来国家社会主义建设的栋梁,还是未来推动少数民族地区经济、文化发展的骨干力量。少数民族大学生同其他大学生一样,生理、心理处在一个迅速变化期,特别容易受到各种外界因素的影响而产生心理不适。这种心理不适应不仅表现在外显的语言交际、生活习俗上,还表现在其内在的宗教信仰、行为准则、思维方式因为冲突带来一系列的心理体验上。我们必须正确引导民族学生对新的社会环境和文化氛围进行心理调适,制订行之有效的措施,帮助民族学生尽快适应大学生活,促进校园和谐与民族和谐。     

当代大学生的心理障碍与自我调适

当代大学生的心理障碍日渐严重,这不仅影响了学生个体身心健康,而且也影响了国家合格的高级人才的培养。为此,该文试图剖析大学生心理障碍产生的主要原因,探索自我调适的有效途径和方法。