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1.
Pigeons responded in a two-component peak procedure in which the components differed in terms of reinforcement magnitude (Experiment 1), immediacy (Experiment 2), or probability (Experiment 3). The prediction of behavioral momentum theory that responding in the relatively richer component should be more resistant to change was tested by (1) presenting response-independent food in the intervals between components according to a variable-time (VT) schedule, (2) prefeeding, and (3) extinction. In all the experiments, peak location in baseline occurred earlier, relative to the schedule value in the richer component. Peak response rate was more resistant to change in the richer component during the VT and prefeeding tests, and change in peak rate was more sensitive to differential reinforcement than change in overall response rate. Changes in measures of performance on peak trials during the disruptor tests were partially consistent with predictions of the behavioral theory of timing. The results suggest that peak response rate provides a more sensitive index of resistance to change for fixed-interval schedules than does overall response rate and that reinforcement strengthens both peak responding and temporal control.  相似文献   

2.
In the first condition in Experiment 1, 6 rats were exposed to concurrent variable ratio (VR) 30, variable interval (VI) 30-sec schedules. In the next two conditions, the subjects were exposed to concurrent VI VI schedules and concurrent tandem VI-differential-reinforcement-of-high-rate VI schedules. For the latter conditions, the overall and relative reinforcer rates equaled those in the first condition. Only minor differences appeared in time allocation (a molar measure) across conditions. However, local response rate differences (a molecular measure) appeared between schedule types consistently with the interresponse times these schedules reinforced. In Experiment 2, these findings reappeared when the prior experiment was replicated with 5 subjects, except that the VR schedule was replaced by a VI plus linear feedback schedule. These results suggest that within the context tested, the molar factor of relative reinforcement rate controls preference, whereas the molecular factor of the relation between interresponse times and reinforcer probability controls the local response rate.  相似文献   

3.
Two groups of 6 pigeons were exposed to either a fixed-time (FT) or a variable-time (VT) schedule of response-independent food presentation. The interval between two successive food presentations (food-food [FF] interval) was either 20 or 40 sec. The duration of stimulus presentation (stimulus-food [SF] interval) was varied relative to the FF interval. All subjects were exposed to different information ratios (IRs; IR = SF/FF; IR = 1.00, 0.50, 0.15). To study the relative contribution of sign- and goal-tracking behavior to keypecking observed in standard autoshaping procedures, pigeons were autoshaped in a long-box. In the long-box, the stimulus key and the feeder are located 60 cm apart. Stimuli were always presented at one end of the box, and food was presented at the other end. Locomotor behavior and keypecks were recorded. Pigeons engaged in sign-tracking behavior when IR = 0.15, but only when presentation of the food was unpredictable on the basis of other variables (e.g., the passage of time since the last food presentation, as in FT schedules). In the case of FT schedules, subjects engaged in feeder-directed activities. No effects of varying the FF interval were found. Keypecking was observed only when the SF interval was short (IR = 0.15) and food was presented on a VT schedule.  相似文献   

4.
5.
Separate groups of food- and water-deprived rats pressed a lever for food or water, respectively, on continuous reinforcement and various fixed-ratio and fixed-interval reinforcement schedules. Food-reinforced rats on continuous, FR 2-, or FI 10-sec schedules showed consistently longer mean lever contact durations per leverpress than did water-reinforced rats on the same schedules. Mean lever-contact-duration differences between food- and water-reinforced rats were greatly attenuated or disappeared under FR 4-, FR 8-, FI 20-sec, and FI 30-sec schedules of reinforcement. These results are interpreted as supporting earlier hypotheses that there are respondent components of operantly conditioned and autoshaped leverpresses, but that these respondent components weaken with partial reinforcement and the leverpress topography comes under the control of operant contingencies.  相似文献   

6.
This study examined the effects of a behavioral parent training program presented in a manner either congruent or incongruent with participant's locus of control orientation. Statistically significant interactions between locus of control orientation and presentation mode were formed for the management skills and child behavior measures. Greater positive attitudinal changes were realized by parents participating in the shared-control training group.  相似文献   

7.
通过分析多功能水泵控制阀的水锤防护特性,并结合东风汽车公司水厂的泵房管道上的JD745X型多功能水泵控制阀的应用验证,指出此水泵控制阀是一种兼水泵控制、止回、消除水锤三种功能于一体的控制阀门,具有较广的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
一种基于模糊PID控制的锅炉汽包水位控制方法   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对锅炉汽包水位的动态特性的分析。设计了汽包水位的模糊PID控制方案。通过Simulink工具箱对实际的锅炉汽包水位进行了系统仿真实验,结果表明:该方案响应速度快、精度高,同时对虚假水位有较好的控制效果。  相似文献   

9.
GIS-Based Simulation of Engineering Construction Schedule   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
For its complexity, engineering construction schedule design is limited by various factors. Simulation-based engineering construction schedule takes critical path method ( CPM ) network as frame and calls complex cyclic operation network (CYCLONE) simulation model enclosed in advance for its simulation nodes. CYCLONE simulation model takes charge of simulating stochastic duration of activity and efficiency of resources, while CPM model performs project scheduling. This combination avoids the shortcomings of both models. Furthermore. geographic information system ( GIS ) technique is utilized to visualize the construction processes which are otherwise difficult to be understood by static results described. Application in practical project verifies the feasibility and advantage of the technique.  相似文献   

10.
分析了高校环境类专业水污染控制工程课程实践教学体系改革的必要性和重要性;探讨了该课程实践教学体系的构成及创新点;建立并实施了水污染控制工程实践教学模式。实践证明,该模式大大调动了学生主动参与实践的积极性,提高了他们解决实际问题的能力。  相似文献   

11.
通过分析工程项目的风险及其对工程进度的影响,对项目进度计划总工期进行了仿真,建立了工程项目计划进度的风险分析模型,获得了工程系统的进度估计,推导出工程总工期的风险分布,并以一个实例加以证明,说明该模型可用于进度风险分析。最后提出了应对进度风险的若干措施。  相似文献   

12.
水流量实验装置计算机控制系统   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1  
该设计是开发出水流量标准装置的计算机控制系统,涵盖了流体力学、检测技术、误差理论、电工电子以及Visual basic 6.0语言等方面的知识,设计内容包括:实验装置精确度检定,用标准表法或称重法标定涡轮流量计和浮子流量计,实验数据的保存和查询,报表的打印输出.  相似文献   

13.
A recent theory of timing (Killeen & Fetterman, 1988) suggests that adjunctive behaviors may act as discriminative cues for the passage of time and that the rate of transition between those behaviors is affected by the rate of reinforcement within the experimental context. Is the rate of transition between behaviors correlated with the rate of reinforcement? What is the context in which rate of reinforcement is calibrated? If rate of transition is correlated with reinforcement frequency, does this correlation change with extended training? Four pigeons were trained on multiple fixed-time schedules of reinforcement, with one component always FT 15 sec, the other either FT 15 sec, FT 45 sec, or FT 5 sec. Behavior was coded into one of 12 categories. Response distributions in the constant component shifted when rate of reinforcement was varied in the other component and eventually shifted back toward their original location.  相似文献   

14.
本研究考察了小学低龄入学儿童与适龄儿童在一、二年级心理与行为发展的差异,研究结果显示,在入学初期、一年级末及二年级末这三个阶段低龄入学儿童与适龄儿童在“品行”这一维度上并没有显著性差异。在入学初,低龄入学儿童与适龄儿童在“多动”这一维度上存在着显著性差异,但到一年级末已不存在着显著性的差异。在入学初、一年级末这两个阶段低龄入学儿童与适龄儿童在“不注意-被动”这一维度上存在着显著性差异,但到了二年级末已无显著性的差异。在一年级末和二年级末这两个阶段低龄入学儿童与适龄儿童在人际地位方面都存在着显著性差异。  相似文献   

15.
简要介绍蒸馏水到超纯水的应用领域要求和生产不同级别的水质应用水的有关技术与原理.  相似文献   

16.
对2017年全国大学生数学建模竞赛D题巡检线路排班问题进行再研究,利用最小生成树、多旅行商问题等方法,对巡检工人的巡检最短线路和时间进行探究,得出巡检线路排班优化模型,给出了满足各种条件所需巡检工人数量、最优巡检路线以及排班表。  相似文献   

17.
针对传统温度模糊控制在逼近稳态的调节过程中,需要经历较长的探寻调整时间这个缺点,提出了基于平衡点增量的温度模糊控制策略。开发了以DSP为核心的发动机水温传感器测控平台,实现了硬件设计、温度标定和基于平衡点增量的模糊控制策略。测试结果表明,温度传感器信号测量准确可靠,模拟温度工况控制快速平稳。该控制策略可适合惯性较大系统的动态控制。该测控平台为实验者进行温度传感器参数测量与标定、调理及驱动电路设计、控制策略验证、仪表技术研究等提供了良好的实验平台。  相似文献   

18.
对土木工程非节奏流水施工中绘制横道图进度计划的方法进行了讨论,提出了一种简便的直接绘制方法.  相似文献   

19.
跟单员是客户与公司、公司与生产、生产与客户这个循环关系的连线人,其工作质量的好坏直接影响着公司的服务品质和企业形象。在生产性跟单中,原料的采购、工艺流程与技术、生产进度与质量监控、投入与产出,由于企业性质不同,跟单内容和流程也相应不同,各自有所侧重。在小型企业中,生产跟单员身兼数职,既是内勤员,又是生产计划员、协调员、物控员,还可能是采购员。在中型、大型企业,则代表企业的业务部门向生产制造部门催单要货,跟进生产的异常,跟踪出货。根据跟单的对象和核心事物的不同,可分为生产跟单和外贸跟单,本文主要讨论中、大型企业的生产跟单。生产进度跟单的基本要求是使生产部门能按订单及时交货,使生产进度与订单交货期相吻合,尽量做到不提前交货,也不延迟交货。  相似文献   

20.
针对现有“水污染控制工程”课程体系存在的主要问题,按照21世纪环境工程本科专业人才培养目标和模式,对与水污染控制工程有关的系列课程的教学内容及层次结构、教学安排进行了分析探讨,提出了新的“水污染控制工程”课程体系构建方案。  相似文献   

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