基于组织层级的高校技术转移绩效影响因素研究

构建多元线性回归模型分析两个组织层级的技术转移绩效影响因素。研究表明,高校和技术转移办公室因组织层级不一致导致其绩效影响因素也不同;宏观类指标更能提升高校全局层面的技术转移绩效,而收益分配政策、组织特性等微观指标则对部门层面的绩效指标影响更大。主管部门制定绩效评估体系时应充分考虑组织层级引起的差异。     

Indicators and outcomes of Canadian university research: Proxies becoming goals?

This paper analyzes Canadian Government attempts to encourage and measure commercialization of university knowledge for socio-economic improvement. Universities are regarded as major, insufficiently exploited, repositories of knowledge. Here, paths by which knowledge can be transferred across institutional boundaries, and various input and output/outcome measures are identified. Available Canadian data are evaluated and a detailed quantitative and qualitative study of one institution is presented. Three key issues emerge: (1) current proxies focus on licensing and spin-off, and do not measure several important paths of knowledge flow; (2) most readily available proxies are derived from aggregate data and are inadequate to fully reflect the idiosyncratic and path-dependent nature of innovation; (3) if the goals and incentives of the actors in the ‘triple helix’ are skewed or misinterpreted by indicators, universities and firms may engage in counterproductive activities. We propose additional indicators that might help to prevent one measurable dimension from becoming the policy driver to the detriment of the overall goals.     

组织技术能力增长轨迹研究

组织技术能力的增长是一个技术能力各要素的持续性积累和总体技术能力从技术模仿、技术消化吸收到自主技术创新的间断性跃迁两者相结合的作用过程。为了分析能力增长过程中连续性积累和间断性跃迁的作用机理 ,以及这两者之间的相互作用原理 ,本文提出了“平台 -台阶”模式 ,以揭示组织技术能力增长的轨迹 ;探讨了组织技术能力上台阶过程中能力平台和台阶之间的协调与匹配 ;并就组织实现技术能力上台阶提出了可操作的策略     

University-based technology initiatives: Quantitative and qualitative evidence

This article discusses salient trends in university-based technology initiatives in the United States and Europe, and it summarizes the papers contained in this special issue.     

Innovating strategically in information and knowledge management: Applications of organizational behavior theory

A business school declares its strategy as becoming a leading European institution. As main vehicle for achieving recognition is the implementation of a top-down strategy naming five academic fields as key – (a) finance, (b) economics, (c) marketing, (d) law, accounting, and auditing, and (e) organizational behavior (OB). Top management allocates resources for research, academic activities, and positions to these five strategically chosen areas. Academic areas that are not strategically named must generate their own income through educational programs and research grants. Can OB serve as the platform to ensure the survival of IS/KMS? In our analysis, we found no other business school formulating a strategy along these lines; dominating strategic themes are internationalization, research excellence, and student environment. No academic field is singled out as strategic. We argue that selecting a few academic areas as a strategy is dysfunctional. We also found that OB is not very actively employed in research, be it positioning, theory, research model, analysis, or discussion. Hence, we do not find that OB offers any theorizing help to IS/KMS – this in contrast to innovation and change theories, for which we propose an framework as a means of defining IS/KMS research projects.     

From the ivory tower to the startup garage: Organizational context and commercialization processes

An impressive literature documents how individual-level factors correlate with entrepreneurship and commercialization behaviors. We have far less insight, however, into how different organizational contexts may, in fact, play a dominant role in shaping these individuals and their behaviors. In this paper, I leverage a unique case of commercialization in which a largely overlapping team attempted to commercialize a technology in two different organizational contexts – first, in a university and later in a startup firm. By detailing the contextual features in each organizational environment and by linking these features to the participants’ differing approaches and attitudes toward commercialization, I extend the current literature through a demonstration of how organizational context shapes not only the initial decision to become an entrepreneur, but also the specific ways in which individuals interpret and act upon an entrepreneurial mission. More generally, I contribute to the literature on the commercialization of university research by highlighting some of the challenges inherent in adapting a context optimized for exploration to the task of exploitation.     

国家利益主导下的科技政策发展趋势分析

在分析科技政策含义的基础上,探讨政府在科技发展中的主导性,大力加强基础研究的科技投入,积极促进官、产、学的科技研发联合,积极开展国际科技合作,建立完善的国家创新系统等科技政策发展趋势。     

Which types of knowledge-intensive business services firms collaborate with universities for innovation?

Drawing on data from an original survey of UK and US publicly traded knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) firms, we investigate what types of KIBS firms collaborate with universities and consider the collaboration important for their innovation. First, we find that science-based KIBS firms (those engaged in a science, technology, and innovation [STI] mode of organizational learning), like science-based manufacturing firms, are active collaborators with universities for innovation. This relationship is further enhanced if these firms also provide highly customized services. Second, in contrast to the existing literature suggesting that firms engaged in a doing, using, and interacting (DUI) mode of organizational learning do not regard collaboration with universities as important for their innovation, we find that KIBS firms engaged in a DUI mode of organizational learning and offering highly customized services are active collaborators with universities for innovation, despite the fact that they may not possess highly formalized scientific knowledge. These findings suggest that KIBS firms co-create knowledge with universities differently than manufacturing firms. Moreover, the findings highlight the wide variety of roles that KIBS firms play in innovation networks with universities.     

Fishing upstream: Firm innovation strategy and university research alliances

This paper examines how innovation strategy influences firms’ level of involvement with university-based research. Our results suggest that firms with internal R&D strategies more heavily weighted toward exploratory activities allocate a greater share of their R&D resources to exploratory university research and develop deeper multifaceted relationships with their university research partners. In addition, firms with more centralized internal R&D organizations spend a greater share of their R&D dollars on exploratory research conducted at universities. In contrast to other external partners, we find evidence suggesting that universities are preferred when the firm perceives potential conflicts over intellectual property.     

高校图书馆资源调节下高校技术转移赋能区域创新能力的机制研究

从高校图书馆资源视角出发，以“211工程”及省部共建高等学校为研究对象，采用广义最小二乘法考察了高校技术转移、高校图书馆资源在区域创新能力提升过程中的影响机制。研究发现，高校政府科技投入正向影响区域创新能力；高校技术转移在政府科技投入与区域创新能力间承接中介作用；高校图书馆人力资源和文献资源在高校政府科技投入与高校技术转移间起到正向调节作用。     

高校技术转让单因素效率研究

高校技术转让是联系学术研究与产业界生产实践的中间环节,是高校服务社会功能的重要体现。本文利用2000-2009年期间面板数据,以高校技术转让为产出变量,测度我国高校技术转让人员与资金单因素效率,并从高校分布地域、规格、隶属和类型四个角度对两种单因素效率进行探讨。结果表明:我国高校技术转让效率均值仅为46.48%,且人员效率与资金效率均值也保持在一个较低的水平,仅为46.90%和37.61%,除北京、浙江外,其他人员投入、资金投入绝对数均较高的区域,其人员效率与资金效率都处在相对较低的位置;从学校类型来看,重点院校与普通高校单因素效率差异不显著,相比其拥有的优质创新资源而言,还有较大的提升空间。本文的研究表明,国家继续加大对高校投入的同时,还应切实提高投入要素,尤其是资金要素的资源利用率,扭转高校科研工作供给导向倾向。     

组织控制、知识创造与技术创新关系研究

引入组织控制变量,对企业发展不同时期情境下知识创造与技术创新的关系进行探讨,分析知识创造对技术创新的主效应及组织控制在其中的调节效应,采用因子分析、相关分析和最优尺度回归方法对来自950家科技型中小企业的有效数据进行实证检验,结果表明:在初创期和成长期中知识创造对技术创新具有明显的促进作用,并且契约控制在其中发挥着显著的调节效应,成长期中信任控制的正向调节效应明显,初创期中信任控制的正向调节效应不明显。     

大学技术转移中的界面及其移动分析

大学技术转移的界面由大学与企业两个系统之间的活动过程和相互作用所决定。从界面的视角来观察,大学技术转移既非单纯发生于大学系统内部,亦非单纯发生于企业系统内部,而是大学与企业两个系统之间的界面发生交互作用的一个双向互动的演化过程。大学技术转移界面具有模糊性、多样性和演化性的特征。在大学技术转移过程中,界面位置的移动直接对应着大学技术转移的模式选择。     

Innovation performance and channels for international technology spillovers: Evidence from Chinese high-tech industries

This paper empirically investigates the impact of different channels for international technology spillover on the innovation performance of Chinese high-tech industries, using panel data analysis. We report that learning-by-exporting (and importing) promotes innovation in Chinese indigenous firms. Foreign R&D activities by multinational enterprises in a host country significantly affect the innovation performance of domestic firms only when absorptive ability is taken into account. The findings indicate that both international technology spillover sources and indigenous efforts jointly determine the innovation performance of Chinese high-tech sectors.     

产业技术标准和产业技术发展关系研究——基于专利内容分析的视角

以构成专利文献的"技术词"为最基本分析单元,深入专利文本内部对产业技术标准和产业技术整体发展进行定量描述。以近24年来通信产业专利及其必要专利为样本,通过产业技术标准与产业整体专利技术内容相似度比较,揭示技术标准与产业整体技术发展关系。研究发现,产业技术标准实现产业技术内容的收敛与规范;同时,标准专利技术产生于产业先导技术,通过技术标准实现产业先导技术向主导技术的转换。为我国科技成果转化,实现创新驱动发展提供更加有针对性的路径和建议。     

Using Delphi and fuzzy DEMATEL for analyzing the intertwined relationships of the barriers of university technology transfer: Evidence from a developing economy

Universities are highly responsible for knowledge creation and technology development. However, university technology transfer (UTT) is considered a challenge in bringing innovative technologies for commercialization and community services. Thus, identifying the barriers and their complex interrelationships that hinder the successful implementation of UTT provides a better understanding of the process, which may be considered as inputs to crucial decision-making initiatives. While this approach is highly relevant in the domain field, it remains a point of departure in the current literature. This paper addresses this gap by holistically determining the UTT barriers and their intertwined relationships. Using the Delphi method and the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) to carry out this objective, a case study in a state university in the Philippines is presented in this work. Results show that lack of resources has the strongest causal relationship among the 24 UTT barriers. Whereas, poor marketing/technical/negotiation skills of technology transfer office obtained the highest impacts received and is categorized as the main net effect. These findings are intended to guide various stakeholders in understanding the influence of barriers in the formulation of strategies and initiatives to carry out effectively the UTT process.     

高新技术企业组织控制对技术创新选择的影响研究

高新技术产业已成为国民经济的重要组成部分。本文对高新技术企业发展过程中非常重要的两种行为--组织控制和技术创新之间的关系进行了研究,以对高新技术企业进行合理的内部控制方式和技术创新选择提供帮助。     

Why do firms acquire technology?: The example of DSM's ammonia plants, 1925-1970

This article analyses markets for technology from a buyer's perspective: the question why firms acquire technology is the central research question. An in-depth historical case study of a chemical company is confronted with systematic and economic research. The acquisition of complete plants by the particular firm under study is explained and several factors are proposed which may help further research on markets for technology.     

研究型大学技术与创新能力转移的公共选择

 研究型大学如何有效服务国家自主创新战略，是政府、专家、学者近期关注的热点问题。本文在探讨了研究型大学技术转移与创新能力转移的基础上，提出研究型大学创新能力转移的新概念，阐述了创新能力转移过程中创新参与主体及其关系，然后从公共选择的视角分析目前我国研究型大学技术转移与创新能力转移, 这为进一步的产学研合作研究奠定了理论基础。     

高校财务管理现状与改进措施的探讨

随着国家对高校的投入不断增加,高校的规模不断扩大。然而,高校财务管理远远跟不上高校的发展速度,高校财务管理普遍存在财务预算执行不到位,会计核算效率低下,财务风险控制能力低等突出问题。应提高会计核算质量、落实预算绩效考核、建立高校债务风险管控机制、加强财务审计。