中德词类划分的对比

词类是词的语法分类,是根据词在语法上的一些区别特征对它们进行的分类。不同的语言有不同的方法,划分词类的目的是为了说明语言的结构规则。汉语和德语属于完全不同的语系,在词类划分上是既有差异又有共性。     

浅析俄语话语词的预设

随着语言学的发展,话语词越来越受到学者们的重视。话语词是指能够保证语篇的连贯性、直接反映说话人的立场和说话人与受话人交流过程中相互影响的语言单位。话语词打破了传统语法的词类划分规则。话语词在使用中表达出的某种语义可归结为预设。预设在语气词、副词以及词组等话语词中都有独特的表现。     

名词活用为动词援例辨析

词类活用是指某些词在特定的语言环境中临时、偶然地活用为另一类词,具有了另一类词的语义特征与语法特征。这就是词类活用的定义。在上述定义中,“临时”、“偶然”这两个词至关重要,它集中概括了词类     

汉語常識講話——第三講 語法

四、各类实词的语法特点和用途每类词都应该有一个定义,有了定义,照理可以根据定义去分辨一个词的词类。可是汉语词类的划分不如那些形态丰富的语言(如俄语里名词有变格,动词有变位)那样简单明了;有些词类的定义很难下;就是有了定义,有时还不能根据定义去分辨一个词的词类。因此掌握各类词的语法特点,不仅可以了解各类词的性质,而且可以帮助我们去分辨一个词的词类。就各类词的语法特点来说,有些词类的复杂一     

词的兼类问题研究述评

划分词类只能根据词的语法功能,只能在确定了词的同一性问题的基础上进行。词类是概括词的分类,划分词类不能根据个体词在句子里所实现出来的语法性质给它分类。     

近20年古汉语词类问题研究刍议

上古汉语词类问题研究主要包括词的分类、归类、兼类、活用及虚词的研究。词类问题研究的相对落后状态，已经制约了古代汉语语法研究进一步向纵深发展。怎样有组织有计划地对先秦若干部有代表性的典籍所提供的语料作穷尽的考察、充分细致的静态描写、严格的频率统计以及在现代语言理论指导下的科学分析，以推进上古汉语词类问题研究，这是我们所面临的重要课题     

不可低估的“小词”

英语中,词汇根据其在句中的功能不同而被分为实词和虚词两大类。实词是能够充当句子成分并且具有完整词汇意义的词,例如,名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词。虚词没有完整的词汇意义,但有语法意义或叫功能意义。实词属大词类,虚词属于小词类或叫次要词类。英汉两种语言对词汇的分类差异不大,但由于两种语言的表达方式和结构形式差别较大,两种语言进行转换时,在词义的表达和应用方面有很大的不同,因此,翻译时不能低估这些虚词或者小词。一、冠词在句中,冠词有时仅起语法上的作用。例如,用在形容词的最高级前和序数词前的定冠词,有时能使所限定…     

谈诗词中的词类活用

词类是根据词的语法意义和语法功能而划分的词的类别。古代汉语的词类划分与现代汉语基本上是一致的,各类词的语法意义和语法功能古今汉语也基本上是一致的,而且是相对固定的。 但在古代汉语中,某些词在特定的语言环境中可以灵活运用,临时改变其基本功能,在句中充当其它类词,词的这种临时的灵活运用即是词类的活用。在古汉语中,名词、动词、形容词等都可以活用,其中散文中词类活用现象比较常见。诗词中就相对少些。现代诗词创作中也有因袭古法活用词类的例子。 本文拟就所积累的古今诗词例句谈谈其中的词类活用现象。 一、名词活用…     

“转类”的语法基础——谈名词具有述谓性的强制条件

汉语的词是可以分类的,每个词都有一定的类属,这是语言学界几经论争而公认了的观点.词类的划分是根据词的语法特点作出的,而每一类词的语法特点,是这一类词在与别类词的相互关系中显示出来的,这是因为任何事物都是处在与其他事物的普遍联系之中的。没有各类词之间的不同相互关系,也就决然划分不出词类.这一点,曹伯韩先生早在《词的形态和词类的意见》中明确指出。胡附文炼两位先生在《谈词的分类》中,周祖谟     

“军”与“城”是词类活用吗?

词类活用是古代汉语中常见的语法现象。它是指本来属于某一类词,具有该词类的词性、语法功能,但在特定的语言环境中(指进入某一个句子后)临时具有另一类词的词性、语法功能,词义也随之产生一些变化,而这个语言环境一旦消失,它又恢复原来的特点。这种现象,语法学家称为“词类     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.