Culture Component is the Necessity in ELT Classroom

In the educational system of China, the aim of teaching school students English language as their main course is in order to enable them to communicate with the foreigners who are English speaking natives. In this paper, firstly, I will list out the definitions of culture given by different kinds of scholars. Secondly, I will describe the chief as- pects of culture which are taught in EL T classroom in the context of China. Lastly, I will explain, take my own teach- ing as an example, the ways of teaching the above mentioned parts of culture four different genres of modules. The main purpose of this essay is to emphasis the importance of teaching culture （may take the British culture as the specific example） in the EL T curriculum and study the effective teaching methods are used in it.     

On the Relation between Cultures and Discourse Systems

Owing to the development of new technology and information systems, the earth has become into a ＂global village＂ and the contacts among people become more frequent and significant. When different people from different races, nationalities, or backgrounds meet together, because of culture diversity, they often behave in different ways that are not understood by the others. Hence the study of intercultural communication is very important. Traditionally the study is based upon cultures that are shared by larger cultural groups, such as Orientation-culture, Western culture, European culture, African culture, Chinese culture, American culture, or even high-context culture and low-context culture. Since this kind of division easily leads to stereotyping and exaggeration of the positive or negative values of a certain cultural group, in recent years, the study has been focused on discourses, which are sub-grouping cultures such as corporate discourse, professional discourse, generational discourse and gender discourse. Discourse systems are smaller than whole cultures and tend to take on somewhat more homogeneous characteristics, if not ideological unity. In this paper, we give definitions of culture and discourse, and mainly focus on how diverse cultural issues influence communicators＇ perception and behaviors in different social or professional discourses. All our efforts on this study aim at successful communication.     

On Cultural Differences and Translation Methods

Language is the carrier of a culture.It contains rich cultural information.Therefore translation is not merely to convert one language into another,and it is also a communication activity which involves converting one type of culture into another.Cultural factors begin to gain more and more attention of translators.we find that cultural differences pose major barriers in translating.A thing which is self-evident in one culture has to be painstakingly explained in another.The most serious mistakes in translating and interpreting are usually not the result of verbal inadequacy,but of wrong cultural assumptions.Hardly can any text be successfully translated without appropriately dealing with the differences between source and target cultures.Therefore in this paper I intend to analyse the differences between Chinese and Western cultures as reflected in translation,then to put forward some translation methods(domestication and foreignization)in dealing with them.     

A Study on the Idioms Translation from the Perspective of Ocenic and Continential Difference between England and China

Geography influences the culture of one nation deeply.Due to the oceanic and continental differences-Britain locates herself in the islands of the north temperate zone while China is located in the Eurasia,the cultures of the two countries are differ ent sharply.The idioms,as the crystallization of languages and sedimentation,come from people’s daily life and are shaped by the oceanic 、continental difference largely.This article will analyze the translations between the English-Chinese idioms in the per spective of oceanic and continental culture.     

English Metaphor and its Culture

Different languages are unable to be separated from their specific social culture backgrounds. Vocabulary is language’s subsystem. English metaphor is an important part of vocabulary; it belongs to the semantic motivation of English lexicology. The social culture of a language reflects more from its linguistic metaphor. Metaphor is a significant language phenomenon that is closely linked with its culture. Much of the deep culture of a language (such as view of life, view of value, etc.) is instantiated and transmitted through the metaphors people use on the daily basis. From the angle of the relation between language and social culture, this article discusses the function of English social culture in forming English metaphors.     

Perception of Nonverbal Communication Influenced by Culture

The concept of perception influenced by culture is pretty important in the study of intercultural communication.The perceptions of language and nonverbal language formed under various cultures intimate with each other during communication.This paper aims to explore the relationship between perception and culture in nonverbal communication through the study of eye language and body odor,and promote the communication among people of different culture as well.     

Different Thought Patterns and the Limitation in Translation Between Chinese and English Language

Thought patterns and language are closely related,they are two aspect of the culture.Translation,a tool of intercultural communication,connects the different thought patterns.In this paper,a specific analysis of the limitation in translation caused by the difference is illustrated.Thus,translation is influenced deeply by the different thought patterns.The only way to get the reappearance to the culture in translation is to find out the principles of translation from the different thought patterns.     

Study of Cultural Negative Transfer in Cross-cultural Communication

Different nations in the world have their own cultures, and these cultures are characterized by both universality and particularity. The former provides a foundation and guarantee for intercultural communication, while the latter often leads to negative cultural transfer in communication if the speakers are unconscious of cultural differences. This paper makes a general analysis of the negative transfer of surface-structure culture in language forms and that of deep-structure culture in values, thought patterns, religious beliefs and ethics. It holds that failure in intercultural communication will occur if inadequate attention is paid to cultural differences in the process of language and culture learning.     

The Differences of Business Communicative Language between China and Britain

Language is the product of social being. The communicative language between China and Britain need be familiar with two spo ken and written languages as well as solid educational experience. There are a lot of oral speaking in both Chinese and English. Due to the regional culture, history culture, customs ,religious belief and historical allusion varied, the oral speaking also presents lots of cultural differ ences. By comparing the linguistic behavior in oral speaking between English and Chinese, this paper tries to discuss the difference between them and the cultural otherness it reflects. Study shows that language and culture are connected and infiltrated with each other, culture is re flected in concrete linguistic behavior.     

A Pragmatic Approach to Idiom Translation from a Cultural Perspective

Idioms are gems of a language which have been refined through ages of use. Idioms are thus always rich in cultural connotation and national flavor. Lots of cultural information is embedded in idioms. Language is a part of culture. Language is the important carrier of culture. Language and culture have close relationship with each other. The study of the relationship between language and culture has been considered a subject of great value. Owing to this, translation theorists and translators have put more attention to the cultural barriers that exist in translation. Therefore, translators have to better understand the relationship between language and culture and the relationship between culture and translation so as to render idioms from the SL into the TL faithfully and effectively.     

On the Importance of the Teaching Culture in the Foreign Language Classroom of Higher Vocational College

There is general agreement that culture should be taught in the foreign language classroom of Higher Vocational College,but just what this means is unclear.The thesis is concerned with why,what and how of teaching culture.Firstly,it will be demonstrated that teaching foreign language is not the same as giving syntactic structures,but mainly incorporates some cultures elements.Secondly,it suggests which culture is taught in the foreign language classroom.Furthermore,by means of some methods an attempt will be made to incorporate culture into the classroom.As a result of the study shows that Culture has taken an important place in foreign language classroom of Higher Vocational College.     

Application of Relevance Theory in Subtitle Translation—A Case Study of The Big Bang Theory

Audiovisual production,as social media,plays a considerable role in cultural exchanges around the world,for it is one of the ways for people to know more about exotic cultures.At the same time,due to language barriers,the importance of subtitle trans?lation is gradually recognized.The subtitle translation can go beyond the limits of time and space to faithfully reproduce the story plot and skillfully convey the feelings.From the perspective of relevance theory,the subtitle translation of The Big Bang Theory is chosen as a case in this paper to analyze the inferential process in the following three relevant aspects:relevance in context,rele?vance in culture,and relevance in the audience.     

Multiculturalism Hiding in the Film:An Analysis of Welcome

Multiculturalism is an inevitable topic facing with our daily life.A film may represent a society,culture,class,sexuality,and a multitude of things.Therefore films should be a very valuable object for studying culture in the world.In this paper,I would like to analyze the film Welcome to show the conflicts of different cultures and how multiculturalism present in movie.The purpose of this study is to view and discuss how multiculturalism has been depicted in this film.     

Towards an Understanding of Management Style Differences between China and Sweden

With the world becomes closer,the issue of understanding management and culture difference is getting more and more important.The purpose of this research is to find how culture factors impact management style in China and Sweden.The study used Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions,traditional management practice and Denison’s model of organizational culture and effectiveness as framework to identify what different management styles exist between two countries,as well as explain why the difference occurs in term of national culture dimensions and traditional management practice.The interviews were made by five Chinese employees whom have work experiences in China and now are working in Swedish organization in Sweden.From their perspectives,the paper found the dimension of involvement and consistency is significant different between two countries,subsequently,those differences were analyzed by Hofstede’s five culture dimensions,the study found:the small power distance,feminine value and lower uncertainty avoidance as well as lower hierarchy are the reasons of Swedish management style such as high level of agreement,good communication,and high capability development in Sweden.Meanwhile,the large power distance,masculine value,high uncertainty avoidance,guanxi and paternalism style of leadership are the mainly reasons of Chinese management style such like lower level of team orientation,ineffective and lower learning capacity in China.In addition,the long-term orientation cause Chinese organization like to have a long time planning,but the paternalism style of leadership induce the strategy of company departs from the reality.     

On Cultural Identity of Teachers in Teaching English

English teaching is a big project in China,whenever we teach English,we transmit western cultures,when taking in the essence of western culture,students also receive the bad things of western culture.Besides,because of learning English,many students know less and less about their own culture and are not interested in learning it.So there is a clash between Chinese cul ture and western culture.So English teachers face a problem:what is their cultural identity in English teaching?Based on the anal ysis of the necessity,demerits and clash of English language and culture teaching,this paper attempts to discuss about teachers’cultural identity in teaching English.     

Language and Culture: in View of Linguistic Memetics

Memetics is originally a theory for interpreting cultural evolution. Memes, coined to disclose a strong analogy with genes, are ideas that spread through human cultures and across the generation. As cultural replicators, memes are propagated and transmitted through imitation; language, as part of culture, produces under the influence of memes. This paper discusses the relationship between language and culture and that between language and memes. In addition, the classification of linguistic memes and the survival law residing in the memes are also expounded. The next research will focus on the impact of linguistic memes on translation and language teaching.     

On Relationship between Language and Culture from Pragmatic Perspective

The idea that language and culture are closely related is normally abstract for most people.From pragmatic perspective,it’ s noteworthy to reveal a clearer and more detailed picture of the relationship between language and culture.Taking speech act,sociocultural pragmatics,contrastive pragmatics and interlanguage pragmatics as four aspects to study,the features and realiza tion patterns of their relationship are elaborated.Besides,implications of this study lie in the usage of the relationship in second language teaching and learning.     

Embodiment of Meanings in the Transliteration of International Brand Names into Chinese

The translation of brand names is a new branch in the field of translation along with the development of economy and trade between countries,which has its own characteristics.As the language and culture of English and Chinese both differ from each other,this essay is explored to study the transliteration of brand names from English to Chinese so as to examine how meanings are embodied in the translation.     

Politeness Language in English and Chinese

Politeness is a very important topic in modern linguistics. With the development of the study of linguistics, a lot of people lay the emphasis on the study of politeness language. It can be observed in all languages and cultures as a social phenomenon, which plays an important role in individuals’ linguistic behavior. But due to different culture, different politeness principles and other reasons, different peo ple have different understandings about the definition of politeness, and they deal with politeness in different ways. Through different study background, principle and theory, this paper focuses on the politeness language in English and Chinese culture caused the differences. Politeness languages are mainly expressed in the forms of address, greeting, congratulation, appreciation and apology . The biggest difference between English and Chinese is that the Chinese system is profusion and complicated, but the English one is quite simple. Age, income, marriage and religion, etc. are taboos in English and people in western countries like to talk about weather when they meet each other; greeting in Chinese almost includes different things about one’s life. Appreciation in Chinese is not used frequently. Peo ple do not often say "thank you" to their families or friends. Appreciation in English can be used among families, friends, and colleagues and so on. At the end of this thesis, a conclusion is drawn; limitations and some suggestions of the research are stated!     

Defining parental involvement： The Israeli case

During the past decade, Israeli parents declared their rights to be involved in their children＇s education. The term used is ＂parental involvement＂, but there is no real agreement on the definition of the term. This paper describes the different opinions and approaches of parents, teachers, students, principals and decision makers, as found and described by Israeli researchers. The development, definitions and boundaries of the term are introduced. Even though the research in Israel is on a Hebrew term and this discussion is in English, the processes involved translate well, as these processes are in a well developed country, based on democracy and Western culture and an education system established under the British Mandate with its historical traces.