Ancient discipline, vigorous KIZ： Aiming at frontiers

Many science historians say modern zoology emerged in 1552 with the publication in Paris of Edward Wooton De differentiis animalium. Others trace it back to Aristotle (382-322 BC) and his History of Animals. But no matter how old zoology is, this     

Ethical frontiers of ICT and older users: cultural, pragmatic and ethical issues

The reality of an ageing Europe has called attention to the importance of e-inclusion for a growing population of senior citizens. For some, this may mean closing the digital divide by providing access and support to technologies that increase citizen participation; for others, e-inclusion means access to assistive technologies to facilitate and extend their living independently. These initiatives address a social need and provide economic opportunities for European industry. While undoubtedly desirable, and supported by European Union initiatives, several cultural assumptions or issues related to the initiatives could benefit from fuller examination, as could their practical and ethical implications. This paper begins to consider these theoretical and practical concerns. The first part of the paper examines cultural issues and assumptions relevant to adopting e-technologies, and the ethical principles applied to them. These include (1) the persistence of ageism, even in e-inclusion; (2) different approaches to, and implications of independent living; and (3) the values associated with different ethical principles, given their implications for accountability to older users. The paper then discusses practical issues and ethical concerns that have been raised by the use of smart home and monitoring technologies with older persons. Understanding these assumptions and their implications will allow for more informed choices in promoting ethical application of e-solutions for older persons.     

信任、控制与合伙企业成长危机——基于企业家人力资本与心理所有权的解释

合伙企业在经历创立、快速成长期后往往会进入一段内耗严重、合作关系面临破裂的危机阶段,能否超越这一阶段是企业持续成长的关键。在内部控制缺乏的情形下,信任下降与信任结构的变化是导致创业者合作关系破裂的直接原因,而创业过程中企业家人力资本的消长与心理所有权的产生,以及由此导致的对人力资本剩余索取权和经营控制权的扩张性诉求及机会主义行为,则为这时期信任与合作关系的变化提供了深层解释。     

Built to lie: Investigating technologies of deception,surveillance, and control

This article explores technological systems that dissimulate by design. Examples include untrustworthy hotel and workplace thermostats, digital applications to spy on workers and family members, and commercial and law-enforcement systems that surreptitiously collect mobile phone data. Rather than view such cases as exceptional, I argue that deceptive communication systems are hidden articulations of normal technological orders. If deception in itself is not the primary problem with such systems, then transparency alone cannot be the solution. As troubling as institutional opacity might be, an analysis of deceptive systems reveals more fundamental problems: imbalances in power and widespread acquiescence to corporate and state efforts to control individuals, groups, and their data. By moving beyond a quest for (or belief in) technological veracity, scholars could redirect attention to power inequalities and the pressing question of how to live together ethically.     

Vaccine technology transfer in a global health crisis: Actors,capabilities, and institutions

The COVID-19 pandemic, which featured international pharmaceutical firms seeking to build global manufacturing networks to scale-up the supply of vaccines, has generated heightened interest in understanding the role of firm-to-firm technology transfer. While considerable attention has been given to tracking the extent of international vaccine technology transfer, we know little about how partnerships were established and work in practice. Understanding the challenges that such projects face, and how such challenges may be overcome, is crucially important. This paper provides an account of the partnership between the British-Swedish multinational pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, the vaccine developer that has engaged in the most technology transfer and built the widest global manufacturing network, and Bio-Manguinhos, a public laboratory linked to Brazil's Ministry of Health. The case study demonstrates the importance of capabilities and regulatory flexibility. Moreover, the analysis highlights the role of political factors that affect the process of technology transfer, and innovation more broadly. Because of the risks involved and the need to quickly mobilize existing capabilities and build new ones, as well as the imperatives of coordinating among manufacturing and regulatory processes and allocating resources to make such arrangements feasible, technology transfer projects need to be enabled politically. Looking forward, the case study has implications for initiatives to expand technology transfer for broadened production of vaccines in the Global South.     

Innovation in times of crisis: National Systems of Innovation, structure, and demand

This article addresses the impact of the current economic downturn on innovation across Europe. Using micro- and macro-data, we investigate to what extent some structural characteristics of National Systems of Innovation, along with demand, affect firms’ persistency in terms of innovation investment. It emerges that the effects of the economic downturn in terms of firms’ innovation investment are not the same across European countries. The competences and quality of the human resources, the specialization in the high-technology sector, together with the development of the financial system seem to be the structural factors which are able to offset the effect of the economic downturn on innovation investments of firms across Europe. Finally, some considerations about policies during recessions are discussed.     

环境绩效、环境成本内部化与环境保护:一个研究综述

在经济全球化的同时,环境资源的可持续面临着严峻挑战。本文从梳理环境绩效入手,对环境绩效评价、环境成本内部化以及环境长效保护机制等方面的研究进行综述;并从利益相关者的角度,分析了环境保护各主体间的博弈关系。     

企业面临的社区环保压力、环境信息沟通与环境作业绩效

基于问卷调查方法,研究了企业面临的社区环保压力与环境作业绩效之间的关系。结果表明,社区环保压力对环境作业绩效具有正向影响。同时,企业与社区居民之间的环境信息沟通在社区环保压力与环境作业绩效之间具有中介作用,环境管理主动性则在其中扮演了调节作用。     

环境不确定性、能力基础与业务调整:理论与案例

摘要：整合了现有的外部环境和组织内部两种研究视角,构建了环境不确定性和组织能力基础的内外部综合分析框架,探讨企业业务调整的选择机理。通过对宝钢、首钢和太钢垂直多元化业务调整的多案例研究,辅以质性数据分析软件ATLAS/ti 50,得出：企业业务调整是在外部环境不确定性和组织能力基础的共同作用下进行的,下游产业的技术创新、社会经济环境、政策、资源约束和市场竞争迫使企业进行业务调整,企业的资金及技术和管理能力是企业业务调整的支撑条件,同时也约束了业务调整的深度和广度。     

Scientific organizations in Spain (1950-1970): social isolation and international legitimation of biochemists and molecular biologists on the periphery

Through a study of Spanish scientific organizations and the involvement of Spanish scientists in international ones, the beginnings of biochemistry and molecular biology in Spain are explored. The centre-periphery dichotomy is useful in explaining the progress of the establishment of these disciplines, together with the political context, both national and international, in which such establishment took place. It is suggested that international ties and national support are both necessary, but not sufficient conditions to overcome the distance between the Spanish scientific community and the centres of development and productivity in biochemistry and molecular biology. The interplay between both national and international factors has proved to be crucial. As a tool to study the whole scientific community of biochemists and molecular biologists, scientific societies allow us to analyze the role of that interplay in Spanish scientific development.     

基于环境分析的流通企业并购:目标、方式及制约因素

基于经济全球化的国际环境分析,流通企业并购应是以国际化发展为方向、以塑造核心竞争力为目标的战略性并购;基于流通产业结构、性质及我国流通产业的发展现状分析,实现战略性并购应以同业横向的强强并购为主。在具体的并购策略上,批发业与零售业还有一定的区别。流通企业实现上述战略性并购目标的制约因素很多,本文着重对企业自身的制约因素:动力与能力问题进行了深入分析。     

危机决策的特点、方法及对策研究

危机决策是危机管理的核心。本文从基本概念入手，重点分析了危机决策的特点，针对这些特点，提出了危机群体决策的方法；并对目前我国在危机决策中存在的主要问题，提出了改进危机决策的对策，力求对危机决策的科学化起到一定的帮助作用。     

从“统治”到“治理”——疯牛病危机与英国生物技术政策范式的演变

英国疯牛病危机动摇了英国既定的以专家为中心的决策制定模式,引发了"统治"范式的危机,也为"治理"范式提供了重要动力。经历了危机的英国政府在新时期试图建立一种"治理"范式下的生物技术政策模式,非政府机构的参与成为了新范式的显著特征。本文分析了从"统治"到"治理"变化的过程中的诸多影响因素,比较分析"统治"与"治理"两种政策范式。并指出,"治理"范式能够更好地捕捉现代社会与技术关系的新特征,因此对于新技术发展过程中相关社会问题研究的重要性逐渐凸显。     

金融危机下的我国企业人力资源管理:挑战、机遇与对策

世界金融危机使全球经济陷入困境,也影响了我国的经济发展,使我国企业的人力资源管理承受了一定压力.金融危机下,企业被迫采取的裁员、降薪、缩减或冻结招聘等行动给员工关系管理、绩效管理、薪酬管理、高层次人才招聘、企业文化建设等人力资源管理环节带来挑战,同时也给我国企业人力资源管理带来理念重构、管理变革、过程优化、文化提升、人才引进等方面的机遇.针对金融危机带来的这些挑战和机遇,企业应当采取五大对策.     

应对环境危机 保障国民健康与生存

改革开放30年来,我国取得了经济持续高速增长和综合国力大幅度提高的辉煌成就。但与此同时．环境问题日益严重,国民的生存环境显出恶化的趋势．生命健康受到不同程度的威胁。环境污染引起的潜在危机正在由局部向更大地域扩展。在一些局部范同内。环境问题正在或可能演变成社会事件和社会危机。     

"Shocking" masculinity: Stanley Milgram, "obedience to authority," and the "crisis of manhood" in Cold War America

Stanley Milgram's study of "obedience to authority" is one of the best-known psychological experiments of the twentieth century. This essay examines the study's special charisma through a detailed consideration of the intellectual, cultural, and gender contexts of Cold War America. It suggests that Milgram presented not a "timeless" experiment on "human nature" but, rather, a historically contingent, scientifically sanctioned "performance" of American masculinity at a time of heightened male anxiety. The essay argues that this gendered context invested the obedience experiments with an extraordinary plausibility, immediacy, and relevance. Immersed in a discourse of masculinity besieged, many Americans read the obedience experiments not as a fanciful study of laboratory brutality but as confirmation of their worst fears. Milgram's extraordinary success thus lay not in his "discovery" of the fragility of individual conscience but in his theatrical flair for staging culturally relevant masculine performances.     

经济学为什么无法解释和推测金融危机？——兼论构建经济学新范式的三个基本原理

霍金《时间简史》给科学以如下的定义：“为了谈论宇宙的性质和讨论诸如它是否存在开端或终结的问题,你必须清楚什么是科学理论。科学理论只不过是宇宙或它的受限制的一部分的模型,一些连接这模型中的量和我们的观测的规则。它只存在于我们的头脑中,不管在任何意义上,不再具有任何其他的实在性。     

Public reaction to information release for crisis discourse by organization: Integration of online comments

This study explores how online comments influence public reactions to organizational crisis discourses based on five scenarios depicting typical online comment patterns. Through an empirical study involving 621 participants, several key findings are obtained. First, online comments have a significant effect on post-crisis reactions involving emotions, attitudes and behavioral intentions. However, except in the case of perceived comment manipulation, public reaction patterns associated with overwhelmingly positive and non-overwhelmingly positive comments are not significantly different and are friendlier to the crisis organization than the other three patterns. Moreover, reactions associated with the pattern in which there are no online comments are quite similar to those associated with the pattern of non-overwhelmingly negative comments. Second, positive emotions enhance perceived organizational integrity, whereas negative emotions reduce this perception. Third, perceived comment manipulation has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between positive emotion and perceived organizational integrity and a positive moderating effect on the relationship between negative emotion and perceived organizational integrity. Finally, emotions and perceived organizational integrity are found to be predictors of loyalty and boycott intentions. The findings of the study extend the present knowledge on crisis communication by highlighting the impact of online comments on the post-crisis reactions of the public and also provide crisis managers with guidelines on how to deploy appropriate crisis communication strategies.     

环境规制政策、环境执法与工业绿色创新能力提升

利用30个省2005~2014年的面板数据,研究了环境规制政策、环境执法对工业绿色创新能力的影响。结果表明:不同环境规制政策对工业绿色创新能力影响不同。从全国来看,"三同时"制度、环境排污制度、环境投诉处理率与工业绿色创新能力呈倒U型关系,污染治理制度与工业绿色创新能力呈正U型关系;研发投入、企业规模具有积极影响,而技术改造和市场制度具有消极影响。分地区来看,污染治理制度对东部地区工业绿色创新能力具有正U型关系;环境排污制度、环境投诉处理率对中部地区工业绿色创新能力具有倒U型影响,而污染治理制度存在正U型影响;环境立法对西部地区工业绿色创新能力具有负向影响,"三同时"制度、环境投诉处理率具有显著的倒U型影响。