高校跨学科科研组织的有效管理——多案例实证研究

基于绩效管理的基本原理和大学学术组织的特征,本文提出跨学科科研组织绩效的基本分析框架和研究假设,选择了华中科技大学12个跨学科科研组织进行多案例实证分析。结果发现:合适的组织结构是高绩效的重要前提;在运行机制方面,自觉和人情、合作伙伴、精神激励、混合交流方式、传统道德等因素对组织绩效效果明显;学术带头人不仅要具备多学科的知识背景,更要有相关的管理素质和经验;跨学科科研项目研究与跨学科人才培养的有机结合,有利于科研成果的产出、跨学科人才培养,甚至于新学科的产生;学校的支持和政策也很关键。     

高校科研团队跨学科知识转移的特征及促进策略研究

对跨学科知识转移相关概念进行界定,总结高校科研团队跨学科知识转移的特点,从组织层面和个人层面分析高校科研团队跨学科知识转移的平台与途径。在此基础上,围绕着制度体系构建、成果评价导向、拓宽交流渠道、营造创新氛围等几个方面提出高校科研团队跨学科知识转移的促进策略。     

问题制:当今大学跨学科研究组织发展的制度创新

跨学科研究组织是当今大学研发创新的一种重要的制度安排,而以问题为中心的制度又是促进大学跨学科研究组织发展的重要制度创新.为了解决科学研究中的问题和难题,是学科至上还是问题优先,无形之中就形成了一种张力相持.大学内部传统学术组织以学科为导向,虽有其优势,但在进行跨学科研究时却陷入了困境.因此,必须通过制度创新,进行基于问题导向的大学跨学科研究组织发展的制度安排,建立以问题为中心、任务为导向、团队为研究单位、基于合同管理的一种独立于院系的跨学科研究组织.     

美国创业型大学科研组织及其对我国高校的启示

自20世纪中期以来,美国部分大学通过发挥科研组织的作用,运用科研成果进行创业,实现了由传统大学向创业型大学的转型。美国创业型大学的科研组织是一个系统,包括科研合同组织、科研管理组织、科研实施组织和科研成果转化组织。应从系统的观点看待科研组织,成立科研合同管理组织,发展跨学科的科研实施组织,建立科研成果转化组织,推动我国大学科研组织的创新。     

高校研究生跨学科培养的内在逻辑与组织建构

知识生产模式的转型对高校人才培养提出新要求,跨学科培养成为研究生教育改革的重要趋势。研究生跨学科培养内蕴着科教融汇、产教融合的双重命题,这一双重命题也构成了高校开展研究生跨学科培养的内在逻辑与基本遵循。而在以学科组织为基本结构的大学中开展跨学科教育,尚面临着活跃的跨学科科研与滞后的跨学科教学的分离、跨学科人才旺盛的产业需求侧与迟滞的高校供给侧的脱节。美国研究生跨学科培养的组织经验表明,高校需突破传统院系单一封闭的培养模式,通过嵌入多种类型的跨学科学术组织,构建多方主体跨学科协同育人的组织策略,为跨学科科研与教学的融合、产业界与高校人才培养的协同提供组织基础,培养出融会贯通、学以致用的高层次复合型创新人才。     

美国研究型大学博士生跨学科培养的基本路径与支撑机制研究——以普林斯顿大学为例

普林斯顿大学博士生教育中的"证书项目"以及"联合学位项目"在美国研究型大学博士生跨学科培养中具有典型性。其博士生跨学科培养的基本机制是:以拓宽学生视野、促进学科间交流,解决复杂的社会及科研问题,增强学生的职业适应及转换能力为基本宗旨;以跨学科授予学位、跨学科设置研究项目和方向为基本路径;以专门的跨学科组织机构和制度建设、跨学科师资配备及跨学科提供课程作为博士生跨学科培养的支撑机制。借鉴普林斯顿大学的上述特征,我国高校博士生跨学科培养中应以尊重学生学习自由为理念,以复杂议题为依托,通过自主开发跨学科学位和跨学科项目、专门的跨学科组织机制建设、"多学科"与"大跨度"的师资与课程资源整合、"高标准"和"全渗透"的跨学科科研训练切实推进博士生的跨学科学习和研究。     

跨学科发展及演变探讨

在剖析了跨学科的产生背景及其发展脉络后,认为跨学科大致经历了隐性自发与显性自觉两个阶段,在此基础上探讨了跨学科与多学科、交叉学科、横断学科、超学科概念、演变历程及相互关系。在对跨学科发展演变分析的基础上,对跨学科与大学、跨学科与社会、跨学科与思维的关系进行了思考,认为大学要大力发展跨学科教育,同时创新跨学科组织以提升科研生产力,通过跨学科人才及科研成果的产出促进大学的实力提升,进而为社会的创新发展服务;应从更高层次上进行学科间的深度整合,在更大范围内实现学科内外要素的协同创新;在跨学科实践中,首先要关注对跨学科思维能力的培养,跨学科思维除了包含组合的思维要素外,还需要具有跨学科的问题意识、边界识别意识、领域互动意识等。     

关于高校科研团队建设的几点思考

目前高校师资队伍建设并不容乐观,实质性的科研团队建设也未成气候,跨学科、跨部门的科研团队更难以形成。高校科技工作要扩大规模、提高质量,要出更多的原创性科研成果,就必须建设强有力的科研创新团队。本文从组织行为学角度探讨将学习型组织理论应用于高校科研团队建设的问题。     

研究型大学跨学科科研生产力提升:资源扫描及践行路径

提升研究型大学跨学科科研生产力,是增强国家自主创新能力、建设创新型国家的应有之义。针对研究型大学跨学科科研生产力提升的核心资源如跨学科组织及其与产业界的联系、跨学科研究管理体制与运行机制及评价机制中存在的诸多问题,制定跨学科研究战略,建立共享服务体系,促进学科边界开放,培育科研共同体是提升研究型大学跨学科科研生产力的践行路径。     

团队化跨学科研究生培养模式初探

分析当前我国研究生培养存在的问题,借鉴美、英等国跨学科教育的成功案例,探究跨学科科研团队的特征和属性、团队化跨学科研究生课程教学方式、跨学科科研团队的建设机制及组织管理等团队化跨学科研究生培养模式的基本内涵,为构建新型团队化跨学科研究生培养机制提供理论支持和实践探索。     

日本高等教育交叉学科建设的范例及其启示

本文围绕日本高等教育交叉学科建设与运营的特点,从交叉学科研究的研究实体、交叉学科教育的教育体系、学科交叉型大学的大学改革理念三个层面,分别调研了一个典型事例,发现他们最主要的特点分别是:科研实体具有高度的学术组织运作机能;交叉学科教育是以一个学院为单位的整体改革,而不是停留在几门交叉学科课程的设置上;以学术融合为理念的新型大学,其动力来源于开创新的学科体系的战略目标。     

On Becoming a Qualitative Researcher: A View Through the Lens of Transformative Learning

This article describes a graduate-level qualitative research course informed by transformational learning theory. It presents strategies an interdisciplinary team of instructors used to engage and support students as they entered and moved through the course. The strategies focused on creating a safe, supportive, learner-centered environment, fostering critical reflection, engaging in ongoing discourse, and focusing on the centrality of experience by situating cognition in the personal context of students' lives and the research process itself.     

高校数据科学教育生态系统建构——以美国普渡大学为例

作为智能化社会的学科基础要素,大数据正在驱动着高等教育系统的范式变革。美国普渡大学一体化数据科学首倡计划发起的跨学科学术组织变革,强调以跨学科学位项目与学科交叉课程、学科会聚研究计划与研究团队、服务性学习数据社区与主题工作坊、产教融合的数据科学校企合作模式构建高校数据科学教育生态系统。值此加强新时代教育科学研究的战略契机,以"数据+"引导多学科会聚和教育模式创新,打造面向真实世界的数据科学实践社区,建设校企协同产教融合共同体,加快培育大学生数据思维和校园数据文化,将有助于高等教育治理体系改革和治理能力现代化的实现。     

Concept Mapping Assessment of Media Assisted Learning in Interdisciplinary Science Education

Acquisition of conceptual knowledge is a central aim in science education. In this study we monitored an interdisciplinary hypermedia assisted learning unit on hibernation and thermodynamics based on cooperative learning. We used concept mapping for the assessment, applying a pre-test/post-test design. In our study, 106 9th graders cooperated by working in pairs (n = 53) for six lessons. As an interdisciplinary learning activity in such complex knowledge domains has to combine many different aspects, we focused on long-term knowledge. Learners working cooperatively in dyads constructed computer-supported concept maps which were analysed by specific software. The data analysis encompassed structural aspects of the knowledge corresponding to a target reference map. After the learning unit, the results showed the acquisition of higher-order domain-specific knowledge structures which indicates successful interdisciplinary learning through the hypermedia learning environment. The benefit of using a computer-assisted concept mapping assessment for research in science education, and in science classrooms is considered.     

Thinking with your fingers and touching with your mind: the cognitive dance of Edith Ackermann / Pensando con los dedos y tocando con la mente: la danza cognitiva de Edith Ackermann

Edith Ackermann was one of the most important scholars in the interdisciplinary field of Child-Computer Interaction. Trained as a developmental psychologist and having worked with Jean Piaget in Switzerland, Ackermann went to MIT in 1985 to join an intrepid group of researchers led by Seymour Papert who were trying to understand how extant theories of development and learning would fare in a world in which children would be surrounded by computational artefacts. For the ensuing three decades, Ackermann would use her unique interdisciplinary expertise in the service of creating new theories of development for this new world, generating cutting-edge research, inspiring a generation of students, and producing seminal papers. This article, making use of literature as well as interviews with colleagues of Edith, discusses Ackermann’s contribution to the field, her life trajectory, impact, and ideas. Edith passed away on 24 December 2016.     

Concept mapping for the development of medical curricula

Increased use of problem-based approaches to medical education has highlighted the challenges of curricular revision and interdisciplinary development. Venturing beyond disciplinary boundaries can be difficult, despite a desire to create interdisciplinary courses and adopt new ways of teaching. Concept mapping is an effective tool for developing an integrated curriculum. This article includes examples of concept maps that represent an entire veterinary curriculum, specific courses, and case-based exercises. The author argues that concept mapping is a valuable tool for curriculum development of any scope or discipline, but is particularly helpful for creating interdisciplinary courses and case-based exercises.     

Becoming an interdisciplinary scientist: an analysis of students’ experiences in three computer science doctoral programmes

The aim of this study was to identify how and why doctoral students do interdisciplinary research. A mixed-methods approach utilising bibliometric analysis of the publications of 195 students identified those who had published interdisciplinary research. This objective measurement of the interdisciplinarity, applying the Rao-Stirling index to Web of Science and Scopus citations, allowed for a comparison of students’ interdisciplinary research outcomes from three different computer science programmes: a traditional programme, a multidisciplinary doctoral school and an interdisciplinary doctoral college. Applying a sociocultural approach, interviews with the 15 most interdisciplinary students were analysed to understand how dispositions and experiences of students and factors of the different programmes affect the circumstances and processes of becoming an interdisciplinary early career scientist. The data indicate that student motivations, previous skills and knowledge interacted with policies and programme structures including type of funding and supervisor expectations to play a crucial role in interdisciplinarity at the doctoral level. These factors can give rise to interdisciplinary research even in programmes without interdisciplinary focus and compromise the interdisciplinary goals of interdisciplinary programmes.     

近年来美国大学推进学科交叉的举措及其启示

现存的学科和院系结构是大学推进跨学科交叉与合作的主要障碍。近年来美国大学通过设立资助跨学科研究的种子基金、推动共享性核心设施的建设、在教师的聘任和考评中推行新的模式、创建新的跨学科院系等一系列创新举措来推进大学的跨学科交叉。这些举措对我国研究型大学推进学科交叉具有借鉴意义。     

Interdisciplinary and Intradisciplinary Research and Teaching in Kinesiology: Continuing the Conversation

Interdisciplinary work is increasingly becoming a larger expectation in research and teaching. Moreover, prominent kinesiologists have proposed interdisciplinary research as a solution to perceived and/or real fragmentation issues that have developed within the field and across, and even within the various subdisciplines. For such an important topic, however, there is a lack of research surrounding interdisciplinary research in kinesiology. This may be due to the ambiguity surrounding interdisciplinary research, an often misunderstood and misapplied concept with deep philosophical roots. The purpose of this article is to help those in kinesiology understand and use interdisciplinary concepts in their work. Toward this end, the article provides an overview of the literature and suggests kinesiology-specific definitions for interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary research. Additionally, the article gives examples of interdisciplinary research projects. Finally, the article will expand beyond scholarship and explore the importance of interdisciplinary teaching and service as well.