走出情报学独立学科地位困境

情报学独立学科地位的问题始终困扰着情报学者,造成这种现象的原因,既有学科缺乏理论根基的因素,也有情报学研究对象本身固有的复杂性的制约,情报学者学院化的生存方式和来自情报学外部的各种力量的干预也都是不能忽视的重要因素.要走出情报学科独立地位的困境,就需要对情报学的独立地位有新的认识,并在博采众长的基础上使情报学能有效的沟通理论与实践,惟有如此,情报学才会有美好的发展前途.     

提升图书情报学学科地位的思考——基于CSSCI的实证分析

根据CSSCI的引证数据对图书情报学研究特征进行分析,指出目前国内图书情报学论文存在着引用文献偏少、引用外文文献比例较低、跨机构跨地区合作研究不够、理论研究成果缺乏等问题,这些问题对图书情报学学科地位产生了一定的影响.提升图书情报学学科地位的措施包括:加强理论研究和理论创新、提升论文的学术性、推出学科精品之作扩大社会影响、加强学科间合作、扩大学科成果的应用领域等.     

论公安情报学研究范式及其整合

公安情报学是在公安情报实践和理论研究推动下形成的一门新兴的、独立的学科.引入范式理论,有助于揭示公安情报学形成的理论依据,阐明公安情报学发展的规律特征,促进公安情报学的健康发展.公安情报学理论研究先后经历秘密情报、情报资料、信息资源开发、情报主导警务等四种范式,其范式转换体现了公安情报实践的重要影响,反映了公安情报学脱离情报学成为独立学科的发展过程,展现了公安情报学理论研究的发展与成熟.根据公安情报实践与理论发展需要,应整合公安情报学研究范式,建立由主体维、客体维、业务维和应用维等组成的新的研究范式.     

情报学多学科研究之评价和超越——关于研究方法论的尝试性反思

目前情报学研究领域的主流范式是多学科研究视角。但多学科研究视角在保持情报学学科的学术独立性,促进学科的理论严密性,整合研究兴趣的多元性等方面存在缺陷和不足。因此,有必要通过分解情报学的研究层次,选择学科研究方法论,构建学科理论结构框架,培植特定的学科文化等方式,最终形成独立的情报学学科范式。     

制约情报学学科独立性的因素分析——兼论情报活动复杂性对情报学研究范式的影响

情报学独立性不强,形成对其他学科严重依赖性的重要原因,是情报学始终没有形成自己独特的核心问题、核心概念等稳定范式.情报学独立性不强既有其环境因素与历史因素,但更主要的是情报学自身的因素.由于情报学研究对象作为事实层面所特有的综合性、整体性、系统性以及经验与实践的个性特征和作为价值层面的多元性,共同构成了情学报特有的复杂性.情报学先天比其他学科更易受社会、科技、经济及文化的制约,在社会功效上难以实现社会的需要,这些都使情报学难以建构自己独立而严谨的学科.     

情报学与情报信息相关要素分析

情报学形成于50年代,是科学技术和社会生产发展到一定阶段的产物.随着学科的发展和人们认识的深化,情报学在国内学术界和社会上的地位也得到进一步确认:情报学已作为一种专业教育进入了许多高等院校,已作为一个独立的新兴学科分卷正式编入了<中国大百科全书>,并且和图书馆学一起,被国家学位委员会列为一级学科类目,于1990年被批准设立博士学位,这些变化标志着我国情报学研究已进入了一个新的发展阶段.     

集成化与工具性——学科发展面临未来的抉择

集成化是图书情报学学科群中具有普遍共性的思想和理念的提炼过程.这种思想和理念不仅对于图书情报学自身建设具有指导意义,还有更重要的对社会经济发展和科技进步的积极作用.在此基础上,学科名称的规范,教育目标的制定等具体问题也将迎刃而解.工具性是集成化前提下未来图书情报学学科性质的必然抉择;是对图书情报学在社会发展和科技发展中作用和地位的恰当诠释;是图书情报学家将本学科的理论和方法向信息时代的无私奉献.     

情报学学科独立性问题的认识误区及探析

针对学界关于情报学学科独立性的质疑,从学科独立性定义、学科依赖性认知、跨学科研究属性等方面,分析人们认识上的误区。从构建独立的情报学角度,探讨情报学的学科建设需要进一步加强与其他学科的关系,增进对其他学科的借鉴,尽快形成学科范式。认为：情报学要成为真正的独立学科,必须从根本上改变情报学观,更深入地与其他学科结合,同时也为其他学科的发展做出应有的贡献。     

情报学位:情报学之理论基础

情报学的理论尊严往往遭到理论与实践领域的诘难,究其根本,在于情报学发展的学科异化的境遇,这种学科异化:主要表现在情报学的理论基础的摇摆不定与非独立性的学科品性;针对情报学理论基础的发生学展开分析,依据情报学理论存在逻辑,就情报学的理论基础提出具有终极评价意义的衡量标准--情报学性.     

情报学的学科走势特征

情报学初始于文献情报工作理论研究,是由原来的目录学领域扩展到文献学领域的研究.在第二次世界大战的影响下,人们开始探求文献检索的自动化.相关的学科理论,如系统论、信息论和控制论等被引入到文献情报工作的研究领域.1950年又出现了情报检索的概念,而后,各国逐渐认识到科技情报工作的重大意义,纷纷建立了国家规模的科技情报机构.在各国政府与公众的支持下,情报学于五十至六十年代初脱胎于目录学、图书馆学和文献学,以崭新的学科体系独立于世.早期的情报学仅局限于科学情报领域,即科学情报学.后来,随着情报社会功能的增强,情报的内涵不断扩大,八十年代,"情报"术语逐渐"公用化"了,情报学理论研究的范围又有所扩大.研究情报学的学科走势特征,对于发展和完善情报学,更好地适应市场经济发展并服务于经济建设,促进和加强各学科领域的联系、发展,都有其重要意义.     

British Writings on Romania: From Travel Accounts to Studies

This article surveys a sample of sources of the information about Romania available to British readers in nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals. It traces first contacts between the Romanian lands and Britain after the union of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859, then after their independence from the Ottoman Empire. The article highlights an increased Romanian interest in British periodicals, which reported and reviewed Romanian literature and scholarship. The article concludes that nineteenth century British newspapers and periodicals offer a great variety and wealth of new material previously unavailable or unknown to researchers. It also states that only a portion of a large quantity of this material has been indexed and is therefore available via the bibliographic sources mentioned in the article. The author argues for the need of a new and updated British-Romanian bibliography, which can draw on new online resources offering access to thousands of new newspapers and periodical records.     

Slavic Approval Plans: What Works and What Doesn't

ABSTRACT

The paper looks at library approval plans for material published in Slavic, East European, and Eurasian countries from the selector's point of view. Reasons why a selector would or would not want one are examined. Success with approval plans requires monitoring receipts, as well as good and ongoing communication among the selector, the acquistions department, and the vendor. A preliminary list of vendors offering approval plans for the countries of the region appears in the appendix.     

由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变——对武汉科技信息服务平台建设的思考

为进一步提升武汉科技信息共享服务平台使用效率,本文从平台资源建设、资源应用、供需对接方式和供需特点等方面分析了武汉科技信息资源服务现状;基于需求和利用的角度,结合平台管理实践和走访用户、问卷调查等研究方法,从信息资源需求主体和平台自身建设管理两个维度,找出制约科技资源供需对接的主要因素;以市场化和制度化为创新理念,从政策创新、机制创新、市场化服务、环境营造、人才培养等方面提出平台建设由“资源集聚”向“需求导向”转变的对策建议.     

Politicking for the Public Library

ABSTRACT

In today's current political environment raising support for millage renewals, bond campaigns or even millage continuations for public libraries is affected by national politics, and a tendency towards tax aversion on principle across the country. The lessons we can learn from the governing boards of small and rural public libraries are worth raising up to a greater national consciousness. Board governance, community consciousness, and facilities management are clear and logical tools that elected boards of public libraries can use to politick for support of libraries.     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

基于文献时间特征的学科主题演化分析方法研究 ——以图书情报学领域为例

在分析文献在不同研究阶段用词时间特征的倾向性基础上,提出一种基于主题模型的研究发展阶段识别方法。重点阐述该方法的构建过程,包括时间特征抽取、发展阶段界定、主题冷热变化分析等步骤。为验证该方法的有效性,针对词频统计法和主题模型方法在主题演化分析中的效果进行比较分析。结果表明,该方法能在识别主题热点和发展趋势的同时,有效地区分不同主题所反映的研究发展阶段。     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Selling Women on PDAs from “Simply Palm” to “Audrey”: How Moore's Law Met Parkinson's Law in the Kitchen

This essay investigates key moments in the history of personal digital assistant (PDA) marketing to women. Analyzing promotional texts for three PDAs that received considerable press coverage from 1999 to 2001, this essay explores the cultural significance of the convergence of anxieties about women's place in the gendered division of labor with the computer industry's changing marketing imperatives. Drawing on an array of promotional texts, including news articles, press releases, promotional Web sites, and ads appearing in newspapers and magazines, this paper tells the story of how the computer industry aimed to sell smaller, faster computing devices to women while promising to mediate and thus reproduce women's overwork as paid and familial laborers. After experimenting with the PDA as a sexy fashionable gadget for working women, marketers approached women as mothers with “Audrey,” an Internet appliance designed for the kitchen.