南非师范教育改革热点

1．制定国家师范教育和发展政策框架 南非教育的一大挑战就是缺乏大量高质量的教师。南非师范教育和发展政策框架于2007年4月发布．目标是建立一个教师进修和培训的完整体系。政策框架包括教师专业发展计划以提高校长管理质量、专业水平和服务意识。南非教育部已经建立一支考评队伍来监督以上政策框架的落实。2008年落实计划,具体步骤在2009年实施。     

南非教师教育的历史演进与改革发展

南非教师教育制度根植于南非的种族隔离制度。南非教师教育从萌芽发端、逐渐发展乃至日益完善走过了漫长的历程，尤其是南非恢复民主制度以来，南非政府就把教师教育工作的重点放在教育政策体制的改进与完善上，其间的变化与革新无不推动着南非教师教育的发展。新政府不仅采取了多种有力的措施为南非教师教育的改革和实践保驾护航，而且陆续颁布了各种政策法令，这对现代南非教师教育体系的发展具有深远而重要的影响。     

南非改革教师教育体制

南非新的教师教育政策体系旨在通过加强师范生的招生和培养，以及教师专业发展继续教育的整体性策略，为国家培养出“更多的教师和更好的教师”。[编者按]     

南非教师教育的历史演进与实践改革

南非教师教育制度根植于南非的种族隔离制度。南非教师教育从萌芽发端、逐渐发展乃至日益完善，走过了漫长的历程，尤其是南非恢复民主制度以来，南非政府就把教师教育工作的重点放在教育政策的改进与完善上，其间数次变化与革新无不推动着南非教师教育的发展。新政府不仅采取了多种有力的措施为南非教师教育的改革和实践保驾护航，而且陆续颁布了各种政策法令。这对现代南非教师教育体系的发展具有深远而重要的影响。     

南非教师教育政策的变革及其启示

20世纪90年代以来,在南非社会民主化进程中,南非教师教育发生了急剧而复杂的变革,教师教育政策相继出台,但由于政府政策与现实相脱离,很多政策实施效果不佳,给教师造成负担.为协调现有各项政策措施,解决南非教师短缺和教师培训落后等问题,南非政府制定了<南非教师教育和教师发展国家政策框架>.本文分析了南非教师教育政策的变革,其中有很多值得我们借鉴和思考的经验.     

《南非2011—2025教师教育与发展综合战略规划框架》的解读

南非政府在2011年制定了《南非2011—2025教师教育与发展综合战略规划框架》,明确提出了解决教师数量短缺、教师质量偏低等问题的具体要求。其内容在完善我国教师教育政策、教师培养模式、经济资助等方面对我国教师教育有一定启示。     

金砖四国语言教育和教师发展的政策对我国外语教师继续教育的启示

梳理研究金砖国家巴西、俄罗斯、印度和南非的语言教育政策和教师发展政策,对我国外语教师继续教育的改革发展有借鉴作用,我国外语教师继续教育要建立高效的运行机制,教育内容和形式要与时俱进,要落实国家教育扶贫政策。     

高水平教师教育体系建设的意蕴与探思

加速促进教师教育事业发展,构建高水平教师教育体系是教育高质量发展的前提保障。在教师教育领域,教师教育框架是由一线教师、师范生、教师教育者构成的核心层,教育机构的文化、管理、制度、资源构成的质量层,社会、政府提供的舆论引导、经费投入、教育政策、学科机制构成的支持层共同构成了教师教育体系的主体部分。为此,本文结合高水平教师教育体系构建的意蕴,明确其基本框架与问题,提出一个持续发展、有效建设的课题,以期为我国教育高质量发展,提供必要的支撑。     

近二十年来中国的南非教师教育研究热点述评

目前,教师教育已是国际教育领域的一个热点话题。自从1998年我国与非洲建交以来,南非教师教育引起了国内学者的广泛关注,主要表现在南非教师教育历史发展、制度建设、政策变革、课程改革、培养路径、信息化发展以及质量保障等方面,并取得了一定的成果。文章对20世纪90年代以来国内南非教师教育研究加以梳理和分析,以期揭示国内南非教师教育研究的核心内容及基本现状。     

中外体育教师教育体系的比较分析

"教师教育体系"是由国家通过政策或法律的形式,对教师提供的一种不同层次、不同形态和不同类型的教育服务的系统。教师教育体系是一个包括不同层次、不同形态和不同类型的综合系统,它是一个由若干子系统组合而成的有机整体。教师教育体系不仅在纵向上涉及到教师教育发展的不同阶段,在横向上亦包括教师教育的不同方面,而且还需要顾及到教师教育各个阶段、各个部分之间的相互连接与整合。     

Teacher education in post-apartheid South Africa: Navigating a way through competing state and global imperatives for change

This article focuses on teacher education in post-apartheid South Africa. It argues that the restructuring and reorganization of teacher education is at the nexus of the axes of tension created by national and global imperatives for change. Along with the dismantling of apartheid and the transition to a free and democratic state in 1994 came the urgent need for social reconstruction, democratization, redress, social justice, and equity. At the same time, and as part of a global context, the country needed global competitiveness, human capital development, global skills, international standards, and accountability. These competing modernist discourses have informed the design and orientation of the National Qualifications Framework and national curriculum that took place in parallel with, and simultaneous to, the restructuring and reform of teacher education. This article reviews literature pertinent to understanding the post-apartheid transformation in South African education in general and teacher education in particular. It concludes that policy makers have managed to navigate a way through the axis of tension created by opposed orientations to transformation. A more equitable and improved system of teacher education has been achieved but critical issues of teacher quality and quantity have emerged which urgently need resolution.     

南非高等教育变革及其主要成效

民主新南非高等教育发展的最显著的特征是广泛而深入的变革.本文依据南非高等教育变革政策的演进逻辑和指向将整个变革历程划分为三个阶段,介绍了各阶段的主要政策活动和变革动议,总结了南非高等教育变革在管理体制、办学体制、结构与规模、教育公平和效率等方面取得的主要成效.     

Reflections on improving teacher performance

Abstract

The debate about declining education standards and quality has been going on for decades. At the centre of this debate has been teacher performance. But the blame for the decline in educational standards and quality of education in South Africa cannot be placed squarely on the shoulders of teachers alone. Society as a whole must accept its share of responsibility too. For the decline or the improvement of the standard and quality of education depends on the roles played by teachers, parents, learners, tertiary institutions, non-governmental organisations and the government. To blame teachers alone misses the core problem, which is at the root of the continuing decline in educational standards and quality in a country which has the biggest economy in Africa. To stem this tide will require a collaborative effort by all these role players. But, more importantly, it will require the restructuring of how teachers are trained, as well as the transformation of school governing bodies, so as to enable them to play the role the South African Schools Act intended them to play. The profession must also be made attractive in order to attract talented matriculants. This will entail improvements in the salary structure and conditions of service of teachers. It will also be necessary to revamp the current teacher in-service training and development system to enable it to play a more meaningful role in assisting teachers to continually refresh and retool their skills in order to cope with the ever-changing teaching and learning environment.     

Education faculty students’ tendencies and beliefs about the teacher's role in education: A case study in a Turkish University

This study aims at determining the tendencies of teacher candidates in a Turkish university concerning static (institutional) versus innovative (democratic and global) teacher roles, along with the relation between these roles and explanatory variables. The study covers 419 teacher candidates from the Turkish, mathematics, humanities, sciences and class teaching areas.The results of the study show that the teacher candidates are sensitive towards democratic and global teacher roles while they are undecided about static institutional roles. The explanatory variables such as education, levels of parental income and gender are found to be significant in affecting the teacher candidates’ responses. The findings related to the areas of specialisation indicate that teacher training programmes in Turkey are not successful in harmonising the attitudes of the teacher candidates towards their profession. Hence, it may be deduced that teacher training programmes are in need of restructuring to harmonise the attitudes of teacher candidates in an individualised and flexible way.     

Insights from South African students preparing for early childhood teaching: contexts neglected in teacher preparation

The preparation of teachers for diversity within and between schools is a growing focus in teacher education worldwide, and particularly in South Africa, where the education landscape has shifted dramatically since the democratic elections of 1994. While diversity is a recurring theme in the literature, the matter of contextual diversity still offers serious challenges to teacher education. This paper focuses on the urgent need to prepare teachers for all school contexts in South Africa, particularly those where neglect carrying over from Apartheid inequalities make failure and a sense of inferiority the norm. It uses critical theory and the capabilities approach to analyse extracts from discussions with early years’ student teachers which express needs with regard to preparation for specific situations faced during field experience with young children. The analysis shows that these students are not adequately prepared to teach in the previously disadvantaged schools which cater for the majority of South Africa’s learners, and that there is a disjuncture between preparation received in the lecture room and realities encountered in the field. It argues for a shift in emphasis from teacher education models which construct middle class classrooms as ideal to those which build quality education for disadvantaged learners, rural contexts, and African language speakers.     

地方高师高层次教师教育人才培养的机遇与对策

教师教育的变革给地方师范大学发展带来了前所未有的挑战;《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》颁布及全国教育工作会议的召开,对教师教育提出了新的要求;我国研究生教育结构性调整,为地方师范大学发展提供了新的视角。笔者认为,地方师范大学将挑战与要求转化为发展动力,抓住难得发展机遇,提升教师教育人才培养层次,扩大教育硕士规模,坚持培养原则,创新培养保障措施,确保培养质量,是其充分发挥自身优势与突出办学特色,在激烈市场竞争中谋求长远发展的较佳选择。     

Globalization and higher education restructuring in South Africa: is democracy under threat?

My intention is to explore the link between globalization and higher education restructuring in South Africa and whether it looms as a threat to democracy. I contend that an argument can be made that the ascendancy of market-driven concerns in defining the restructuring of higher education in South Africa may have the effect whereby higher education institutions (universities and technikons) become subordinated to the demands of the market place, which situation in turn, can be detrimental to the consolidation of South Africa's newly found democracy. First, I argue that the restructuring of higher education according to the ‘logic of globalization’ would not necessarily minimize socio-economic inequality, thus providing a major barrier to the move towards deepening democracy. However, the economic, political and cultural effects of globalization as determinants of higher education restructuring in South Africa are not going to disappear, at least not for the immediate future. Already the South African government considers as a central feature of its economic policy the meeting of the ‘challenge of international competitiveness … (and) an inability to compete will increasingly marginalise the South African economy (and), have profound effects on its rate of growth and consequences for the social well-being and stability of South African society’ (CHE 2000a: 20)

Second therefore, in order to safeguard and promote democracy, in spite of the market-bound trend, I assess some democratic prospects of a globalizing world in the restructuring of higher education. Like Jones (1998: 153), I contend that an argument can be made for achieving democracy in a sphere of corporate dominance if higher education is considered as a public good that allows space for the development of relations of trust, individual autonomy and democratic dialogue.     

Teacher education for a democratic society in England and South Africa

This paper considers the role of teacher education in England and South Africa in relation to education for democratic citizenship. It argues that teacher education should play a positive role in this respect but there has often been a contradiction between the structures and practices of teacher education and democratic forms of education. The paper analyses teacher education policy in both countries in the light of these arguments. It then goes on to discuss the practice of teacher education in both countries in relation to existing literature and evidence and interviews with student teachers at two universities in England and two in South Africa.