伊斯兰教“吉哈德”涵义解读

伊斯兰教的"吉哈德"具有独特而丰富的内涵。"吉哈德"既是穆斯林的宗教义务,又是穆斯林群体与非穆斯林群体之间的交往方式。这种交往方式分为4种:用心、用舌、用手(笔)、用剑。"吉哈德"包括"大吉哈德"和"小吉哈德"。"小吉哈德"的内容常常使不了解其含义的人发生误解,也常常被心存不轨的人所利用而加以歪曲。因此,"吉哈德"中"小吉哈德"内容需要受到格外重视。     

<<古兰经>>在我国的翻译流传

《古兰经》自唐代传入中国后 ,其传播经历了三个阶段 ,在传播过程中 ,其翻译节拍远远滞后于伊斯兰教在我国的传播 ,其重要原因在于 :《古兰经》在穆斯林心目中有神授性质 ,阻碍了穆斯林自身对《古兰经》的翻译 ;穆斯林在中国没有同统治者积极合作 ,阻碍了《古兰经》的翻译步伐 ;统治者的戒备与独尊心理 ,抑制了对《古兰经》的研究和翻译     

试析马坚译《古兰经》中gawmu一词的翻译——基于汉文本、英文本及波斯文本之比较

gawmu一词在马坚译《古兰经》中被翻译为宗族、民众、百姓。文章通过对马坚译《古兰经》与伊朗Tahereh Saffarzadeh所译英文本和波斯文本《古兰经》中gawmu的译义进行初步的比较与分析,认为马坚译《古兰经》将gawmu一词翻译为宗族、民众、百姓基本符合原意,但将其翻译为宗族则略显勉强。     

开展教学设计创建完整学习

建筑师设计高楼大厦,政治家设计国家政策,软件工程师设计电脑代码,而我们的教青者应当设计影响未来的课程。 ——科罗拉多大学认知科学研究中心主任 吉哈德·费谢     

要准确理解马克思恩格斯说的"新社会的因素"

将"新社会的因素"笼统地说成"社会主义因素",显然缺乏具体的历史的分析,是难以使人信服的。《共产党宣言》中的"新社会的因素",并不包括新的社会关系的因素。《资本论》中的暴力"助产婆"论,没有自发孕育和形成社会主义因素的观点。《法兰西内战》中的合作社,不是社会主义因素或未来社会的经济组织。给《祖国纪事》的信中"新的经济制度的要求"不是社会主义经济制度的因素。     

德化学家因固体表面化学领域贡献获2007年诺贝尔化学奖

诺贝尔奖官方网站10月10日宣布,德国化学家吉哈德-艾尔特(Gerhard Ertl)因为其在固体表面化学研究领域所做出的贡献而获此殊荣。吉哈德-艾尔特1936年出生于德国靠近斯图加特市的巴特坎施塔特,1965年在德国慕尼黑工业大学获博士学位,现为德国柏林弗利兹-哈伯学院名誉教授。表面化学领域的研究对化学工业十分重要,可以帮助我们了解众多纷杂的化学过程,如钢铁为何会生锈,燃料电池如何作用以及我们汽车中的催化剂是如何发挥其功能的等等。接触表面的化     

《古兰经》和谐观的现代价值

作为伊斯兰教最高经典的《古兰经》,从宗教与道德角度提出了许多和谐思想,《古兰经》的和谐观在各个历史阶段都曾发挥了重要作用。当前,正确借鉴《古兰经》的和谐观,对于构建社会主义社会的和谐政治、和谐经济、和谐文化有着重要的参考价值。     

《古兰经》在中国的翻译流传研究

本文是对伊斯兰文化经典《古兰经》的多维翻译研究。笔者从经文的发生、发展与传播入手,进入到汉译的多种文本和多种翻译途径探究,勾勒出《古兰经》翻译传播的认知地图和多种译本之间的联系。在理论探索方面,本文通过对《古兰经》流传方式的研究,革新汉族书面文学翻译的单一模式,推进中华民族文学翻译的发展。     

《古兰经》文学成就初探

《古兰经》不仅是伊斯兰教圣典,还是一部样式独特、影响深远的文学作品。科学地考察其产生过程、社会作用、内容和形式的构成等方面的特点,对探索文学发展的内在规律是必要而有益的。一《古兰经》是阿拉伯历史剧烈动荡、深刻变革时期的社会产物,它的诞生伴随着血与火的洗     

喀麦隆幼童启迪日

在非洲的喀麦隆,有个幼童启蒙教育的节日———幼童启迪日。幼童启迪日又叫古兰经节,是喀麦隆西北部穆斯林居住区的传统民俗节日。时间不固定,通常是在每个村落的孩子们集体修完《古兰经》后,举行这种盛大的宗教庆祝活动,祝贺孩子们修业成功。《古兰经》是伊斯兰教的经典。喀麦隆的穆斯林一向遵从《古兰经》,他们严格按教义行事,尤其重视对儿童的教育。幼童启迪日即古兰经节就是他们教育孩子们尊教信教和促进教徒间团结和睦的重要方式。节日这天,活动项目隆重热闹、丰富多彩。村民们身穿色彩绚丽的民族服装,云集在村里的中心广场,并请州长和…     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.