儿童阅读从这里起步——以小学一年级学生为例

一年级孩子掌握了汉语拼音这一识字工具以后,究竟是怎么开始阅读的?作为教师,如何帮助他们在阅读起步阶段顺利起航?通过跟踪观察和访谈,发现影响儿童阅读能力发展的主要因素有:家庭文化背景、汉语拼音基础和日常阅读习惯,教师可以据此设计活动,激起儿童阅读兴趣,挖掘学生阅读潜力。     

让幼儿在区域中快乐阅读

区域是幼儿园环境的重要组成部分,在班级里我们会根据幼儿的年龄特点和兴趣爱好,开辟多种多样的区角,"阅读区"是必不可少的一角。利用好阅读区,既可激发幼儿说的兴趣,又可有效地发展幼儿的语言,达到事半功倍的效果。但随着多样区域活动的开展,孩子们更加喜欢形形色色的玩具,对阅读区不太感兴趣了,因此要努力创设幼儿感兴趣的阅读区,让幼儿在区域中快乐的阅读,并加强对幼儿在区域中阅读的指导策略,发挥阅读区的教育价值。     

儿童阅读从这里起步——以小学一年级学生为例

一年级孩子掌握了汉语拼音这一识字工具以后,究竟是怎么开始阅读的？作为教师,如何帮助他们在阅读起步阶段顺利起航？通过跟踪观察和访谈,发现影响儿童阅读能力发展的主要因素有：家庭文化背景、汉语拼音基础和日常阅读习惯,教师可以据此设计活动,激起儿童阅读兴趣．挖掘学生阅读潜力。     

The Beautiful and the Ugly: Reading Ability Modulates Word Spacing Effects in Chinese Children

There are no salient word spaces in Mandarin Chinese. Thus, it is unclear whether word spacing information differentially affects the reading speed of children with and without reading difficulties (RD). In the present study, native Chinese-speaking children of differential reading abilities were tested with Chinese text in un-spaced versus spaced versions at different time points during training. The results indicated that spaced texts slow down reading speeds in children without RD. In contrast, spaced texts improved reading speeds in children with reading difficulties after some training took place. These findings suggest that the effect of word spacing information on Chinese reading might vary as a function of individual differences in reading abilities. We argue that children with RD can accommodate to the spaced text better than children without RD and that they can take advantage of using bottom-up spacing information to segment and recognize words in text.     

Children's perceptions of wider reading: to what extent do 7- and 8-year-old children read beyond the scheme books?

A case study was conducted with a class of twenty 7- to 8-year-old children in a primary school in the North West of England, to explore possible links between the use of a school reading scheme and children's involvement in wider reading. A questionnaire was administered to all children in the class, followed by semi-structured interviews with three children. The findings revealed that the vast majority of the children held extremely positive views of their reading scheme books but were also very enthusiastic wider readers, be it either independent reading or reading with a parent or carer. Further findings emerged suggest that environmental factors, such as access to books at home and library usage, also play an important part in children's involvement in wider reading.     

Impact of a computer-based intervention in Chilean children at risk of manifesting reading difficulties / Impacto de una intervención basada en ordenador en niños chilenos con riesgo de manifestar dificultades lectoras

Reading difficulties have reached a prevalence of 3–10% in school-age children. Those who present these difficulties avoid reading and benefit very little from school-based learning opportunities, resulting in maladjustments, dropping out of school and having to repeat grades. Presented here are the results of an intervention based on a computer game intended for explicit phonic training in first-grade school children at risk of possessing reading difficulties. Fifty-six children from a low socioeconomic status (SES) and 31 children from a high socioeconomic status, divided into two groups (control and experimental), participated in the study. After the intervention, participants from the low-SES experimental group had enhanced their skills regarding letter sound recognition, whereas the high-SES experimental group had improved their naming speed. The results are discussed in light of the impact of interventions based on computer games and of the importance of the development of sublexical skills in children at risk of manifesting reading difficulties in transparent orthographies.     

犬辅助干预对儿童阅读的影响

阅读能力不足是困扰学龄儿童发展的一大问题,然而仅从阅读本身来寻找解决该问题的方法并不是唯一的突破点。基于动物辅助干预的基本思路,犬辅助阅读以“给犬朗读”和“对话式阅读”的方式对以往阅读课程学习模式进行扩展,更加关注犬与儿童的互动和情感联系,能够帮助儿童(尤其是特殊儿童)形成独特的阅读环境,减轻阅读压力,提升对阅读任务的兴趣价值、能力信念和阅读技能。鉴于此,基于以往犬辅助阅读的研究成果,本文将从阅读动机、阅读技能和阅读环境三方面来探讨犬辅助干预对儿童阅读的影响,以期展现犬辅助阅读研究的基本脉络。     

Children's experiences of reading classes and reading schools in Ireland

In this article the author reports on the experiences of 20 children who attended a reading class/reading school for a placement period before returning to mainstream. While the original much larger doctoral study encompassed parents' and teachers' perspectives, this article is confined to the views of children. Their prevailing positive experiences of reading classes and schools are relayed, illustrating a snapshot of education provided in these settings, but they also provide an insight into how inclusive practices are orchestrated and function in these segregated settings. While academic and socio‐emotional gains are evident, the findings also highlight the challenges for mainstream schools in becoming more inclusive, particularly in the area of interactive approaches in addressing the needs of pupils with dyslexia.     

论儿童文学的经典阅读与指导

在媒介文化的时代里,儿童文学经典作品的阅读具有极其重要的意义。当下儿童日益远离优秀经典的文学作品,其阅读状况令人十分忧虑。经典的儿童文学作品具有独特的特征和意义,对儿童的成长必不可少;由于儿童群体的特殊性,成人必须对儿童的阅读活动进行必要的指导,从而充分发挥儿童文学特有的价值。     

Everyone's a Criminal? Reflections on Critical Reading in the Primary Classroom

Calls for children to be taught to read critically become ever louder. This article asks what teaching for critical reading might look like in the primary school. It presents accounts of two group reading lessons from a Year 3 classroom. It examines the interactions that take place: the questioning of the teachers and the responses of the children. It suggests that where children are given the power to make meaning for themselves, they are more likely to learn to read critically than those who are not.     

理解＂阅读脑＂提高儿童阅读素养——儿童阅读的脑科学研究及其教育启示

儿童阅读是一个复杂的研究领域,“阅读脑”的研究成为儿童阅读领域一个崭新的研究方向。近年来,随着脑成像技术的迅速发展,涌现出很多儿童阅读的脑科学研究新成果,这些研究成果表明,儿童阅读是一个多系统的复杂认知过程,儿童阅读学习过程是循序渐进的,不同的发展阶段受不同脑机制的调节;儿童阅读困难在脑机制层面也有新的解读,为传统儿童阅读中的问题解决提供了新的角度,解释并澄清了传统阅读研究中出现的很多争议,为相关问题解决提供了科学的证据。由此,我们应遵循儿童学习阅读过程中的脑活动规律,分阶段设定阅读教学目标;基于儿童阅读的脑与认知科学规律,选择恰当的教学方式;结合儿童阅读困难的脑机制研究,开展差异性阅读教学。     

Reading aloud: A way for parents to support their children's growth in literacy

Parents can form a vital link to literacy and later school success by encouraging literacy and language modeling in their daily communication with children. This article describes a study in Head Start classrooms in Florida and North Carolina where teachers used a book lending system and high quality books which they shared with children and families. Strategies for teachers to assist parents in providing support for emergent literacy are given. Ways to help families see the importance of their practices and encourage the use of these ideas as part of their daily routines are shared.     

学前儿童早期阅读内涵解析

学前儿童的早期阅读在我国当前学前教育理论研究中日益受到重视,但在实践中,仍然存在很多错误的认识和做法。针对这一现状,本文从五个方面阐释了对学前儿童早期阅读的认识,具体包括早期阅读的意义、早期阅读的目标、早期阅读与识字的关系、早期阅读材料的选择以及早期阅读的实施,以此构建现实中的理性行为。     

The socio‐emotional needs of children with dyslexia in different educational settings in Ireland

This paper reports on a four‐year research project examining the experiences of children with dyslexia in mainstream schools and reading schools/classes. The focus of this paper is on the socio‐emotional effects of dyslexia on a group of children attending a reading school/class for a specific duration before returning to mainstream. The findings suggest that while the primary focus of attending such a placement is to attain greater levels of literacy, other gains such as increased positive socio‐emotional manifestations and confidence are also evident. Therefore, the emotional elements of learning must work in tandem with the academic elements in helping children with dyslexia access the curriculum in full. The roles of attribution, motivational and expectancy theories are explored and how a comprehensive understanding of these theories can help teachers explain and respond to the exhibited behaviours of children with reading difficulties.     

眼动研究对阅读困难内在机制探讨的贡献与不足

眼动研究是当代心理学研究的重要手段之一,尤其是在阅读方面。阅读困难儿童作为一种特殊群体,其阅读的眼动研究越来越受到关注,主要集中在对词、句子和语篇等材料的阅读研究上。但这一领域的眼动研究也存在许多问题,未来的研究将围绕这些问题展开更加全面和深层次的探索。     

PASS认知历程模式及其在阅读障碍儿童中的运用

本文介绍了认知过程的一种全新理论———PASS理论 ,并就PASS理论在阅读障碍儿童中的运用进行了论述 ,以期为我们的工作提供新的视角和思路。     

汉语阅读障碍儿童与普通儿童朗读错误研究

为反映汉语阅读障碍儿童朗读的特点,采用错误分析技术,对10名汉语阅读障碍儿童和10名普通儿童的朗读错误进行了系统的分析.结果发现:汉语阅读障碍儿童朗读流畅性与准确性都低于普通儿童,朗读中的替代错误、添加错误、省略错误都显著多于普通儿童.而二者在颠倒错误上的差异不显著.在替代错误中,音似、形似、语义及无关替代显著地多于普通儿童.与普通儿童相比,汉语阅读障碍儿童的朗读问题主要表现为错误数量更多,而不是表现为错误类型上的特点.最后结合研究发现对阅读障碍的诊断与干预提出了建议.     

幼儿园开展多元阅读活动的实践与思考

作为21世纪的教育者,我们应该给幼儿创造一种全方位的阅读空间。我们应该跳出传统的“阅读”来看如今的“阅读”,拓展早期阅读的范围和内容,丰富方法和手段,逐渐以图像阅读文化取代文字阅读文化,带领幼儿走进图的世界。在研究过程中,我们经历感情投资、稳定发展及回归生活三个阶段,分别对幼儿多元阅读的环境创设、兴趣培养、阅读内容、阅读模式及社会实践进行实践探索。     

儿童的文学阅读需要点灯人

儿童的文学阅读是一个完整的感情体验和文学再创的过程,指导儿童的文学阅读,起着为其点亮通向文学之路明灯的作用。作品的内容不同,阅读指导的着眼点也各不相同,因而遵循一定的要求对小学生进行文学阅读的具体指导,帮助他们把握各类儿童文学作品的特点,使他在快乐的阅读中获得激励、感染和美的启示,是激发他们的阅读兴趣,提高他们感悟、把握、理解和评价文学作品的能力的重要保证。     

Improving reading in children with German as a first or second language

The study Improving Language And Reading Skills (LARS) in children with German as a first or second language evaluates a newly developed differentiating programme for reading in terms of its effects on the reading and language ability of second graders with German as a first or second language. The participant group consisted of 105 children. Fifty-five children belonged to the group that received the programme (LARS-group) and 50 children received traditional instruction (TI-group). The reading, spelling and language ability of each participating child were assessed before and after the programme period. The children of the LARS-group were supported over three months in terms of reading texts and completing the corresponding tasks. The texts and the tasks were adapted to the students' ability levels (three different ability levels: above average, average and below average level in reading). The results indicate that the learning outcomes for children in the LARS-classes were significantly higher for reading fluency and comprehension, but no effect was observed for language and spelling. The results suggest that the LARS programme was equally effective for children with German as a first or second language.