The Effects of STS Issue Investigation and Action Instruction Versus Traditional Life Science Instruction on Seventh Grade Students' Citizenship Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of employing an STS instructional model that addresses each of the four goal levels of STS education versus an instructional model containing only life science content, on seventh grade students' participation in citizenship action on STS issues. A modified version of the non-equivalent control group quasi-experimental research design was used with seventeen intact seventh grade life science classes, ten of which received STS instruction (N = 264) and seven of which received life science instruction (N = 136) over 20 school days. The STS instruction sequentially addressed each of the four goal levels for STS education. Data were collected using the Actions Taken on Public Issues instrument to measure citizenship behaviors. ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were employed to analyze data. It was concluded from the findings that employment of an STS issue investigation with an action instructional model that addressed the four goal levels of STS education significantly increased seventh grade students' participation in citizenship actions on STS issues. Implications and recommendations are provided.     

主要发达国家STS课程研究与实践述评

STS课程是西方发达国家科学课程的重要形式,是30年来西方科学教育政策调整和改革的产物。西方国家STS课程的实践有深厚的理论基础。不少国家都推出了一些具体的STS课程形式和教材。研究发现:主要发达国家的STS课程在目标上致力于培养学生的科学素养,在内容上体现了综合化的特征,在理念上则强化了科技与人文的整合。     

Investigating the Potential of Irish Primary School Textbooks in Supporting Inquiry-based Science Education (IBSE)

This study analyses several Irish primary school science textbook sets to evaluate their potential to support Inquiry-based Science Education (IBSE). The study was prompted by the results of the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA) 2008 survey of Irish primary science which indicated that a 72% of surveyed teachers are using science textbooks within their teaching. The reliance on deductive methodologies, such as the using textbooks, has been attributed to a lack of pedagogical content knowledge. As the Irish primary science curriculum was changed to be more experiential in 2003, it is unlikely that deductive teaching from textbooks aligns with the new aims and objectives of the curriculum. This research analyses three textbook groups through the lens of the 5E model of teaching, a well-known framework for teaching through inquiry. A four-layer framework was developed around the 5E model that would highlight the strengths and weaknesses of textbooks in supporting IBSE. The results indicate that the various textbooks contain different structures, pedagogies and content, which can potentially be used to support the development of IBSE schema however, professional development must be provided as to how best to integrate textbooks into practice.     

两版初中化学教科书中STS教育内容的比较分析

实施STS教育可以全面提高学生的素质,有力地促进学生学习方式的转变、综合解决实际问题能力的提高以及健康价值观的形成,体现了我国新一轮基础化学课程改革的新理念.本文对两版依照新化学课程标准编写的初中教科书中STS教育内容进行比较分析,对新化学课程的实施具有现实意义.     

Levinas and an Ethics for Science Education

Despite claims that STS(E) science education promotes ethical responsibility, this approach is not supported by a clear philosophy of ethics. This paper argues that the work of Emmanuel Levinas provides an ethics suitable for an STS(E) science education. His concept of the face of the Other redefines education as learning from the other, rather than about the other. Extrapolating the face of the Other to the non‐human world suggests an ethics for science education where the goal of pedagogy is peace with each other and the world through the rupture, eros and justice that arises from openness to the demands of the world. Understanding the infinite responsibility of the invocation presented by the face of the Other radically reconceptualizes science education from STS(E) towards an E‐STS curriculum of responsiveness that critically employs the said of modern science and opportunities of experience to enable the next generation of citizens to act in peace to what the world is saying.     

A Study of STS Themes in State Science Curriculum Frameworks in the United States

This paper reports the procedure and results of a study analyzing Science-Technology-Society (STS) themes in state science curriculum frameworks in the United States. The criteria for the analysis consisted of 15 categories of standards derived from the K–12 content standards of the National Science Education Standards. Out of the 25 state science curriculum frameworks analyzed, 88% emphasized the standard Science and technology in society. Three standards (Environmental quality, Science as a human endeavor, and Nature of science and scientific knowledge) were represented in nearly 50% of the state science curriculum frameworks. The remaining 11 content standards were scarcely represented in the state science curriculum frameworks analyzed. The recommendations of this study include an examination of educational policy links to state science frameworks, and case studies of curriculum policy-to-practice transition in STS education.     

鲁科版高中化学教科书STS教育内容分析

STS教育体现了高中化学新课程改革全面提升学生科学素养的教育理念,重视科学、技术与社会相互联系,有助于学生正确地分析、解决化学问题.鲁科版高中化学教科书注重在人类生活背景下建构化学知识,选取了丰富的STS教育内容,其组织和呈现方式特点为：利用教材的章节标题呈现;利用教材栏目体系呈现;STS内容与元素化合物知识相互融合渗透.     

Determination of clinically relevant content for a musculoskeletal anatomy curriculum for physical medicine and rehabilitation residents

To address the need for more clinical anatomy training in residency education, many postgraduate programs have implemented structured anatomy courses into their curriculum. Consensus often does not exist on specific content and level of detail of the content that should be included in such curricula. This article describes the use of the Delphi method to identify clinically relevant content to incorporate in a musculoskeletal anatomy curriculum for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) residents. A two round modified Delphi involving PM&R experts was used to establish the curricular content. The anatomical structures and clinical conditions presented to the expert group were compiled using multiple sources: clinical musculoskeletal anatomy cases from the PM&R residency program at the University of Toronto; consultation with PM&R experts; and textbooks. In each round, experts rated the importance of each curricular item to PM&R residency education using a five‐point Likert scale. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was used to determine consensus at the end of each round and agreement scores were used as an outcome measure to determine the content to include in the curriculum. The overall internal consistency in both rounds was 0.99. A total of 37 physiatrists from across Canada participated and the overall response rate over two rounds was 97%. The initial curricular list consisted of 361 items. After the second iteration, the list was reduced by 44%. By using a national consensus method we were able to objectively determine the relevant anatomical structures and clinical musculoskeletal conditions important in daily PM&R practice. Anat Sci Educ 7: 135–143. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Whatever happened to STS? Pre-service physics teachers and the history of quantum mechanics

If issues in the history and philosophy of science and those related to science, technology and society are generally accepted in policy, how ought these be handled in practice? Mandate in policy does not guarantee implementation in practice. Indeed, HPS and STS have for decades been marginalized in the curriculum. Subject areas designated to teach components of HPS and STS, such as design and technology, social studies and science, seem preoccupied with other aspects of the curriculum and rarely get around to HPS and STS. This study aimed at eliciting pre-service physics teachers’ perspectives on using HPS to address quantum mechanics and scientific literacy. Through questionnaires, observation of and participation in a physics methods class, 16 pre-service teachers were asked to identify topics they considered problematic to teach or learn. They were challenged to identify those topics that could effectively be taught or learned from HPS. The pre-service teachers agreed that HPS and STS were more appealing for teaching some topics, such as quantum mechanics, which is the focus of this article. This intervention in physics teacher education demonstrates the importance of using specific methods in physics instruction to demonstrate the value of HPS in scientific literacy.     

加拿大中小学STS课程的实践与启示

加拿大是在中小学阶段成功推行STS课程的国家之一。在科学教育的实施过程中,加拿大以培养学生的科学素养为总体目标,明确界定了科学素养的四个基础,并提出以统整性的"科学—技术—社会—环境"(STSE)作为实施STS课程的新方式。在加拿大,萨斯咯彻温省、大不列颠哥伦比亚省在实施STS课程方面较有代表性,其课程设置和实践经验值得借鉴。     

STS革新教材给新世纪高师课程教材改革的启迪

STS (“科学·技术·社会”)革新教材 ,是我国教育领域的一个热门话题。文章介绍了STS产生、发展及其特点。谈了打破传统的教材模式 ,让师生真正进行一种共同的讨论式的学习、走出学科 ,在“综合”中求得拓展的新天地、让学生直接参与教育教学活动 ,为教育注入创新的生机和活力的三点体会。最后从新世纪高度阐明了高师院校借鉴STS的模式改革课程教材的必要性、紧迫性和具体举措。     

The inclusion of STS material in the most frequently used secondary science textbooks in the U.S.

Science-technology-society (STS) has been identified by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), the Departments of Education in a variety of states, and a variety of commissions and panels concerned with reform in science education as a new direction and goal for science education. Because most teachers are dependent upon textbooks for determining their curricula and teaching approaches, an investigation of 11 of the most frequently used secondary science textbooks in the U.S. were reviewed to determine the attention given to STS topics. The framework established by the Project Synthesis research team for STS was used to define STS topics. The 11 textbooks were examined in their entirety to determine space devoted to STS. Minimum interrater reliability was established at 0.80; any deviation resulted in further analysis. Comparisons were made of STS coverage by science disciplines and across the 7-12 grade levels. Results revealed that less than 7% of the narrative space is devoted to STS topics, with a range of 11.5% to 0.5%. Further, the coverage of STS topics decreases as grade level increases. A great discrepancy, therefore, exists between goals for science education (an STS emphasis) to actual coverage in the most frequently used textbooks.     

STS课程:类型、特征及改革走向

STS课程是当代西方科学教育改革的产物,它的出现折射出复杂的社会背景和科学教育观念的根本转型。作为综合课程的一种具体表现形式,STS课程可以划分为三种主要的类型:以科学概念和原理等基本知识为主导的STS课程、科学知识和社会问题交融的STS课程和以社会问题为主导的STS课程。课程内容的综合性、课程目标的多元性、课程实施的灵活性等是STS课程的基本特征,它预示了当代科学教育改革的一些走向,如强化科学教育的价值维度,摒弃科学教育的精英主义传统,从注重"知识体系"到注重"探究过程"以及关注科学伦理道德,等等。     

Science education textbook research trends: a systematic literature review

The number of science education research papers has been rapidly rising in recent years. This number has been particularly influenced by researchers from non-English speaking countries who contribute to the field. With this number of papers, literature reviews gain in importance as they help researchers more easily orient themselves in problem areas. The authors of this study present a literature review on science textbook research. The importance of textbooks in education is indisputable, yet research in this field is surprisingly unbalanced between particular regions or states. In this paper, a review of 183 papers published between 2000 and 2018, indexed to the Web of Science database, is introduced. The results show that researchers in Europe and the USA focus on textbook research more than researchers elsewhere in the world. The textbooks most frequently researched on are science books for secondary schools. Textbook research consists mostly of analysing learning concepts and how concepts are integrated, non-textual elements in textbooks, visual representations, learning content or learning text analysis.     

高校STS教育的道德价值探究

当下高校STS教育还存在重探究科学知识,轻道德学习的现象,这与它的教育目标——实现价值导向还存在差距。STS教育过程中要发现和宣扬科学活动中的道德价值,包括对受教育者的诚信教育、责任教育、竞争与协作教育、理想信念教育、科学精神教育五个方面。     

浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题与省思——基于浙江省综合科学课程实施现状的实证研究

在我国其它省市实验区科学课程面对综合还是分科选择的难题之时,浙江省的科学课程改革与实施坚持着“综合”的导向,因而审视与反思浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题成为必要。本文基于科学课程实施现状的调研、七个维度三个层次设计的访谈、对典型地区学校的课堂观察,提出浙江省综合科学课程推进中的问题,表现为“综合科学”与“组合科学”两种科学课程形态的并存;科学教师对科学课程性质与目标认识不到位;对课程资源理解不一,科学教材之外的课程资源开发不足;有效科学教学方式与方法的使用亟待专业引领。进而立足于综合科学课程实施中的难点,提出有效推进科学课程实施的根本在于以培养与培训相结合促进科学教师专业发展;以教材比较研究促进科学教材的完善;改革中考,促进科学教师对科学教学评价的探索。     

Social Science Boot Camp: Development and Assessment of a Foundational Course on Academic Literacy in the Social Sciences

We developed a course, as part of our institution's core program, which provides students with a foundation in academic literacy in the social sciences: how to find, read, critically assess, and communicate about social science research. It is not a research methods course; rather, it is intended to introduce students to the social sciences and be better consumers of social science research. In this article, we describe the key learning objectives of this course, the basic content areas, and some of the innovative teaching and learning strategies used in the course. We also provide empirical evidence of the effectiveness of the course in meeting its learning objectives and of student responses to the course. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges in developing interdisciplinary core courses and offer suggestions for best practices for teaching social science literacy as part of the core curriculum.     

探究导向的科学课程演示型课件结构和内容设计

科学课程的探究教学要重视演示型课件的结构和内容设计,能充分发挥其优化课堂学习环境的作用,引导参与和思考。设计合理的课件结构,以引导课堂的探究活动,促进学生了解知识结构。对来自教科书和教师的教案的内容进行选择、改造和加工,转变为能够发挥演示课件优势的探究内容。恰当利用Powerpoint的页内动画,使静态内容动态化,形象地展示逻辑顺序、变化过程和转化关系等,引导观察和思考。     

技术课程化演进及其对技术通识教育的启示

文章通过对技术课程化演进轨迹的历史回溯,系统地分析了STS课程的教育内涵及其实践价值,并对当前正在开展的技术通识教育提出了建议。基于STS教育的发展理念,技术通识教育应该走出技能应用教育或单纯技术素养教育的误区,着力加强技术课程与科学课程和人文课程的联结统整,突出技术通识教育的社会意义和人文价值。