Logical positivism as a tool to analyse the problem of chemistry's lack of relevance in secondary school chemical education

Secondary school chemical education has a problem: namely, the seeming irrelevance to the pupils of chemistry. Chemical education prepares pupils for participation in society. Therefore, it must imply a model of society, of chemistry, and of the relation between them. In this article it is hypothesized that logical positivism currently offers this model. Logical positivism is a philosophy of science that creates a divide between science and society. It is therefore further hypothesized that the adoption of logical positivism causes chemistry's lack of relevance in chemical education. Both hypotheses could be confirmed by an analysis of a grade nine course.     

关键期假说与儿童英语教育

随着我国改革开放的深入和经济的发展,儿童英语教育越来越受到人们的关注,本文通过对"关键期假说"理论的介绍来探讨儿童英语教育的可行性及教育方法。     

Practices and Innovations in Australian Science Teacher Education Programs

This paper reports part of a larger study which was designed to investigate current practices in initial teacher education programs in Australia. The main data collection was by telephone interviews, which were carried out with science education specialists and program coordinators at all institutions which offer primary teacher education or secondary science teacher education. The interviews focused on practices in relation to program structures, science content studies, science methods studies and links to science-related school projects or to science business/industry. A large number of innovative practices were described. In addition, several case studies were carried out, which focused on particular innovations. The study identified several aspects of science teacher education which were of concern.     

教师培养制度的变革:从师范教育到教师教育

我国高等师范教育正处于从数量满足型向质量提高型转变的重要变革时期,灵活开放的教师教育培养体系适应了知识经济社会对高素质教师的需求,师范教育向教师教育的转型是历史的必然。建立“开放型”、“综合类”、“高层次”、“专业化”的教师教育体制对提高基础教育质量具有十分重要的作用。     

美国理科教学中探究水平研究的特点及启示

20世纪60年代美国学者施瓦布首开探究水平研究的先河。随后,美国为适应其以"探究能力"为目标的理科教育改革和应答理科探究教学评估实践的诉求,对探究水平进行了更为深入的探讨。给我们的启示在于:探究水平层级划分应充分考虑细化与实用相结合,确定探究水平的划分标准应做到一元与多元相结合,探究水平的判断应注重学生主体与具体环节相结合。     

The Uses of Literacy in Teacher Education

Alasdair MacIntyre identifies two interconnected problems for present day thinking about the nature of educational provision. The first concerns the very possibility of general educatedness in the social and cultural circumstances of modernity; the second concerns the narrow and specialist route down which professional training has proceeded in contemporary post-industrial societies. This paper explores the implications of MacIntyre's views and argues for a radical reappraisal of current conceptions of teacher education and training.     

论教师道德教育的评价

教师教育不仅是强化教师专业知识与专业技能的过程,也是一项不断提升教师伦理道德的活动。教师教育评价要服务于教师教育质量的提高就要持续地关注教师伦理与道德教育问题。教师道德教育评价包括对教师道德教育目标的评价、道德教育课程落实度与创新性的评价、教育过程德育因素的评价以及教师道德教育效果的评价等方面。     

美国教师教育的新发展:“城市教师驻校模式”及其对我国的启示

城市教师驻校模式是当前美国教育改革中新出现的一种教师培养模式,是在美国传统的教师教育模式发展无力和美国教师结构短缺现状的背景下应运而生的。这是一种职前职后一体化的教师培养模式,实施过程包括计划的组织和管理、驻校生的招录、教学点和指导教师的选拔、驻校期培养、驻校毕业生的安置以及新教师的入职指导六个部分。它为城市薄弱学校招聘、培养和留住优秀教师提供了一条有效途径。     

Teachers' Beliefs and Self-Reported Use of Inquiry in Science Education in Public Primary Schools

This paper describes Ecuadorian in-service teachers and their science teaching practices in public primary schools. We wanted to find out to what extent teachers implement inquiry activities in science teaching, the level of support they provide, and what type of inquiry they implement. Four questionnaires applied to 173 teachers resulted in the identification of high context beliefs and moderately high self-efficacy beliefs. Teachers declared to implement activities mostly to develop understanding of the material, as contrast to actual manipulation of data and/or coming to conclusions. They adopt rather a strictly guided approach in contrast to giving autonomy to learners to work on their own. Finally, teachers keep control with regard to question formulation and choice in solution procedures, which constrains the development of real inquiry. When comparing teacher beliefs, we found that teachers' context beliefs make a difference in the level of support that teachers provide to their students. Teachers with lower context beliefs ask students to perform inquiry activities on their own to a lesser extent when compared with teachers with higher context beliefs. This implies that further research on the implementation of inquiry in science teaching should take into account teachers' differences in their context beliefs. We also found out that the use of high or low support in inquiry activities remained the same for teachers with either higher or lower self-efficacy beliefs.     

美国第三种教师培养模式研究——以波士顿驻校教师计划为例

教师培养的驻校模式被称为美国教师教育的第三条道路,"波士顿驻校教师计划"是其中的典型代表。该模式由学区主办,培养过程包括针对学区特殊需求的招生,以中小学校的实践学习为主、合作大学提供的硕士课程学习为辅的一年期培训,以及进入教学岗位后三年的入职辅导等环节。以学区为培养主体、职前职后一体化和基于中小学校的临床学习是该模式的三大特色。该模式在一定程度上弥补了传统模式和选择性模式的一些不足,为教师教育改革提供了一条新的途径。     

“国家级教师教育基地”建设与教师教育培养模式改革研究

“国家级教师教育基地”计划是国家为加快教师教育发展而实施,通过对其主要的建设模式和运行机制的探讨,分析“国家级教师教育基地”和“全国教师教育网络联盟”之间的相互协作关系,可以提出推动教师教育模式改革的具体建议。     

科学探究教学:在新课程标准下的探索与实践

引导学生进行科学探究,培养学生科学探究能力,是科学课程倡导的教育理念。科学探究既是学生的学习目标,又是重要的学习方式,更是一种教学理念,贯穿整个教学过程。科学探究具备一定的特征,包含诸多要素。本文在对科学探究的含义、特征及其要素的分析基础上,着重从在科学课程课堂教学中开展科学探究进行了探讨,并结合实例阐述了在探究教学中应注重的规律和方法。     

成人学习理论下教师教育与教师专业发展再思考

研究目的在于应用成人学习理论指导教师教育的实践,促进教师专业发展。首先,通过诺尔斯的成人教育学理论分析了成人学习理论对教师教育的适用性,探究各个成人学习论对教师教育的指导作用和对教师发展的促进作用,构建了较为完整的指导框架。然后,分别阐述了自我导向学习理论指导下教师教育生成内生动力,促进教师知识发展;转化学习理论对于教师教育提供新途径,促进教师伦理发展;熟练理论指导教师教育产生外部动力,帮助提升教师专业能力;情境学习理论指导下创设多元的教师教育环境,丰富教师实践经验。最后,成人学习理论于教师教育领域具有很强的适用性,应充分尊重教师成人身份和主体地位。     

研究性学习对教师角色的要求及其师资准备

研究性学习可以有多种理解。但是就教师的要求而言,我们应站在综合性、开放性和生成性等更高更广的层次之上,就其观念、能力、方法、知识系统等多方面提出更新更高的角色要求。因此,基于生态取向而又立足于“校本”计划的师资准备,则是适应研究性学习的特点和要求,又是符合我国素质教育改革国情的重要举措。本文提出研究性学习对教师的观念、能力、方法、知识等四个方面的角色要求,并在此基础上提出师资准备方面的培训设计。     

基于网络的探究式学习模式及其在高职教育中的应用

将网络技术应用于探究式学习是一种创造性的尝试。基于网络的探究式学习的兴起,并依据建构主义学习理论、双主互动教学设计模式和探究式学习的特征,分析了网络对于探究式学习的支持后,提出了基于网络的探究式学习模式。并结合高职学科教学中的需要,设想了网上探究式学习室的设计架构、思路和教学目标。     

教师招考对高校教师教育的影响及其革新

新时期,我国许多地方实施"教师招考"制度,这就给高校教师教育职前培养带来了极大的挑战和机遇。因此,高校教师教育职前培养亟须与教师招考对接,在教学内容、教学方法、教学方式等方面进行积极有效的改革,以使师范生顺利通过"招考"关。同时,随着我国新课程改革的深入发展,教师招考也亟待完善与革新。     

The Evaluation of Student Fitness Levels in Exercise Science and Physical Education Teacher Education Programs

The debate on whether kinesiology students should undergo fitness testing is controversial. Some are strong proponents of fitness testing, while others are in strong opposition. As advocates for fitness testing among kinesiology majors, we aimed to assess the fitness levels of Exercise Science and Physical Education Teacher Education majors and evaluate current physical education teacher education (PETE) fitness criterion. One hundred and sixteen participants (males N = 49; females N = 67) underwent health-related fitness assessments. 37% of males and 51% of females met PETE’s fitness criteria. Both groups performed significantly better in body fat percentage and upper body strength than PETE’s acceptable (average) standards; however, most were significantly lower than target (above average) standards. Presented are fitness passing criteria for PETE majors and fitness reporting that aids in improved fitness tracking and accountability. We also highlight the need for NASPE and SHAPE America to clearly define fitness expectations for PETE majors and encourage other kinesiology faculty to consider implementing fitness testing in their programs.     

Electronic Portfolios in Teacher Education: A Case Study of Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

The use of electronic portfolios is increasingly becoming popular in teacher education programs. The electronic portfolio allows learners to express their work and take ownership over their own ability to plan and assess and reflect upon their learning during a specific period of time. While many teacher education programs have adopted electronic portfolios in order to meet accreditation requirements, others use electronic portfolios to develop and improve on students’ technology skills—train students on how to better use technology in instruction and student assessment. Irrespective of the reasons for adoption, there is the need to assess students’ perceptions of electronic portfolios, and especially to explore the benefits and challenges students face in using electronic portfolios in their course work. Using a qualitative research design, the current study explored teacher candidates’ attitudes toward electronic portfolios and the differences that electronic portfolios bring to their profession. Such a study is necessary to help administrators identify students’ needs to ensure that they are gaining the maximum benefits from the use of electronic portfolios in their programs of study.     

人性假设理论与思想政治教育个体价值

西方“人性假设”理论根据人的需求来采取管理措施,影响、约束或促进人的实践活动,以达到管理效果。这与思想政治教育根据个体需要来实现思想政治教育的价值有较大契合之处。“人性假设”理论丰富的理论研究和实践经验对我们思想政治教育个体价值的研究和实现必然具有重大启迪作用。     

关键期假设与中国基础英语教学

关键期假设理论对外语学习有重要的影响,有必要正确理解关键期假设在外语习得中的运用。根据中国的实际情况,中国学生学习英语的最佳年龄是10岁或更晚一些。