中国政府机构改革存在的误区和对策

中国政府机构改革已进行了多次，但由于在理论上，认识上，实践上存在着误区，致使机构改革始终没有跳出“三个怪圈”对此必须脂取相应对策，走出以往改革的误区，深化行政改革，把政府机构改革引向成功。     

中小学教师工作满意度的研究及其提高对策

教师工作满意度是教师教育的重要研究内容。探讨教师工作满意度问题有助于深入了解教师的职业态度、执教热情和工作积极性等直接影响其教育教学质量的心理倾向。通过对近十余年来我国(包括港台)有关教师工作满意度的研究进行总结分析，归纳得出我国教师工作满意状况的变化趋势并提出可供教育行政机关和学校领导的决策和管理参考的建议。     

Demographic variables and fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities

The main purpose of this study is to examine whether fathers' involvement with their child with disabilities is correlated with some of the demographic variables. Data were collected from 243 Polish fathers who were married and who had at least one child with disabilities. The issue was assessed by two measures: a Questionnaire and the Father Involvement Scale. The results of the multiple regression show that fathers' involvement is significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with the level of fathers' concentration on the needs of their child with disabilities, the level of fathers' cooperation with their wives, the number of years during which parents cared for a child with disabilities, time devoted by fathers daily for their child with disabilities, fathers' self‐esteem, fathers' education, the level of disability of a child, the level of fathers' skills in dealing with their child with disabilities and the level of fathers' knowledge about their child with disabilities. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: http://youtu.be/XpTojch0j9Y     

教育评价方法认识与教育评价实践建议

分析自我评价与他人评价、形成性评价与发展性评价、定性评价与质性评价等三组评价方法,指出正确运用这些方法要注意的问题,对开展以发现价值、证实价值和价值增值为目的的评价提出具体建议。     

校长、教育理念与高校发展

近代中国大学的发展与名校长的教育理念紧密相关,其中蔡元培、梅贻琦、张伯苓、竺可桢等名校长的教育理念对近代及当代大学的发展产生了深远的影响和巨大的作用。本文以中国高等教育史上的名校北大、清华、南开、浙大为例,分析蔡元培、梅贻琦、张伯苓、竺可桢的教育理念及办学实践,以期对我国建设具有世界先进水平的大学有所启示。     

Citizens' educational values and their satisfaction with a state university

This study describes citizens' values regarding (1) the importance of various university goals and activities, (2) the importance of various academic fields or disciplines, and (3) the importance of various reasons for attending the University of Minnesota. The study examines the relationships between these categories of educational values and citizen satisfaction with the University of Minnesota. A stratified random sample of 722 Minnesota citizens received a questionnaire which had a series of items related to the purposes of the study; 56% returned completed questionnaires. Common factor analyses were used to identify categories of educational values. Citizens' values regarding important goals and activities of the university and their values regarding important reasons for attending the university were somewhat useful in explaining their satisfaction.     

Gender sensitive educational strategies and their implementation

It has been the pattern of national governments at the end of world conferences on women, to endorse a body of recommendations for policy making and implementation in many areas. This study is a content analysis and comparison of those recommendations relating to education that emerged from the 1985 Nairobi meeting and the recent meeting in Beijing in 1995. It also reviews related key UN and national reports. As most governments failed to implement many of the Nairobi recommendations, the Beijing document was obligated to restate more than two-thirds of them. The study identifies some economic and political conditions that seem to facilitate state success in addressing gender sensitive educational policies.     

Individual study orchestrations and their association with learning outcome

In this study a synthesis of research into student learning at the individual level is used to derive a general categorisation rule that can be applied to individual study orchestrations. The term orchestration is introduced in this study to indicate that the association of constructs that represent approaches to studying at an individual level is a context-specific response and is affected by the qualitative level of perception of the individual towards certain key elements of learning context. In the first part of this study the association between context-dependent study orchestrations and learning outcome, and between deep perceptions of learning context and learning outcome, is established. In the second part of this study the general categorisation rule is empirically validated by means of an unfolding analysis that sets out to illuminate the variability of individual study orchestrations as well as the group study orchestrations of academic achievers and failures.It is concluded that learning outcome is associated with categorisations of individual study orchestrations/contextual perceptions. Furthermore, based on an unfolding analysis of academic achievers and failures, it is concluded that academic success is associated with a well defined meaning orchestration coupled with a holistic perception of learning context, while academic failure is associated with the disintegration of such an orchestration/perception.     

Misconceptions die hard: prevalence and reduction of wrong beliefs in topics from educational psychology among preservice teachers

Endorsement of educational psychological misconceptions among preservice teachers can be a threat for reaching educational goals. Therefore, it is of societal interest whether preservice teachers hold educational psychological misconceptions and, if they do, whether these misconceptions can be reduced through confrontation with empirical evidence. Prevalence and refutability of misconceptions were analyzed among N = 937 German preservice teachers who participated in an online survey. Results indicated a high prevalence of educational psychological misconceptions but also the possibility of a reduction through refutation-style texts. However, only few preservice teachers shifted their opinions from (rather) endorsing a misconception to (rather) not endorsing it after reading the text. We conclude that educational psychological misconceptions are common among German preservice teachers and that merely presenting empirical evidence is insufficient to effectively counteract misconceptions. Future research should deepen the understanding of why and wherefrom these misconceptions occur and develop efficient interventions to counteract misconceptions among preservice teachers.

     

WTO体制下高教学会功能的权变因素

WTO体制下的高教学会功能的权变因素取决于世界贸易组织全新的法律框架，按市场准入规则与国内政策调试的边界将会凸显。高等教育学会的功能转型，在于分析情境化的实体话语权转换和制度程序的有机结合。     

The change of planned happenstance skills and its association with career-related variables during school-to-work transition

The current study examined how planned happenstance skills (i.e., curiosity, flexibility, persistence, optimism, and risk-taking) changed during school-to-work transition and how career-related variables were associated with the initial levels and change rates of planned happenstance skills. In a sample of 307 South Korean college students, all planned happenstance skills except for risk-taking decreased over time. Furthermore, some of the career-related variables were associated with the initial level and the change rates of planned happenstance skills. In sum, the current study suggests that utilizing planned happenstance skills may be a worthwhile pursuit during school-to-work transition.     

基矢量和坐标变量的随体导数公式及其应用

流体力学中随体导数的含义是指流体质点的某个物理量相对于时间的变化率,随体导数的运算符是DDt,如果把它看成是与普通导数ddt相似的一个运算符的话,当采用正交曲线坐标系研究流体力学问题时,在计算流体质点某个物理量的随体导数过程中,计算公式内就会出现正交曲线坐标系基矢量的随体导数DeiDt和坐标变量的随体导数DqiDt,用以前的随体导数概念不能解释这两项的含义,因它们不是流体质点的物理量,而是几何量.但对随体导数进行深入分析可以发现,随体导数的概念和计算公式完全可以应用到基矢量和坐标变量上去.导出了它们的计算公式并给出了应用实例.     

Brokering educational opportunity for homeless students and their families

This qualitative study in a Midwestern US city examines how school and community-based organizations support homeless students’ connections to education-related resources and relationships. Drawing from organizational brokerage theory, which delineates how individuals’ chances to thrive are shaped by the organizations in which they participate, the study finds that brokerage practice unfolds and is affected by variables at three specific levels. First, social workers, teachers, and principals at the individual school level arranged for registration, enrollment, and other immediate connections for students. Second, school district-level actors played key roles in orchestrating homeless students’ transportation and educators’ professional development across the city. Third, a range of neighborhood factors – including immigration and housing trends – affected the ways and extents to which organizations identified and supported homeless students. The study concludes by presenting several implications for research and practice.     

Mindfulness-Based Approaches and their potential for educational psychology practice

Research has been carried out on the application of “mindfulness” to a number of different populations in varying contexts, some of which traverse the field of educational psychology. This discussion paper explores what is understood as mindfulness and outlines the breadth of its application. As well as more extensive research into the use of mindfulness with adults in clinical settings, there has been initial research carried out in the use of Mindfulness-Based Approaches (MBA) with children and parents. MBA have also been used within therapy and coaching which has some similarity to educational psychology consultation with teachers and parents. This paper proposes that the future role of MBA within educational psychology might be one of cautious use by practitioners and the development of a greater body of evidence relating to efficacy in this field.     

日本"社区与教育协会"的"原型体验"教育模式

日本"社区与教育协会"诞生于20世纪70年代末期。本协会教育实践研究的目的是通过让孩子亲身接触当地民众所珍视的生活、自然以及文化,来培养孩子的感性、知识、技术和技能,从而开拓出能够培养孩子自主学习能力的教育体系。协会每年都会举行全国范围的研究会,通过教师的实践、居民的尝试以及研究者的成果来进行研究讨论,积累研究经验。     

The influence of students' values and educational attitudes on their evaluation of faculty

The study determined the influence of students' values and educational attitudes on their evaluation of faculty. Sixty-five graduate students completed an evaluation form, a value survey, and an attitude scale at the end of an adult learning theory course. Multiple regression and path analysis showed that (a) educational attitudes and selected values accounted for 27% of the variance in student evaluation of faculty, (b) educational attitudes were responsible for 8% of the variance in student evaluation of faculty, and (c) values per se were not significantly related to student evaluation of faculty. A path model suggested that values influenced student evaluation of faculty through educational attitudes. The findings suggested that students' values and attitudes play a major role in their evaluation of faculty and should be recognized by teachers when interpreting the results of such ratings.     

Investigating grit variables and their relations with practice and skill groups in developing sport experts

Grit, the tendency to work hard toward long-term goals, maintaining effort and interest over years despite failure and adversity, has predicted several achievement outcomes. However, minimal work has examined grit within a sport expertise development framework, and specifically its association with deliberate practice (DP) in sport. Participants, 250 athletes (109 female; M_age = 23.40, SD = 10.14), completed the 12-item Grit Scale, practice measures, and reported their skill level (local to international). Factor analyses confirmed a 10-item two-factor model for use in our sport sample: consistency of interests (CI; 6 items; α = .81) and perseverance of effort (PE; 4 items; α = .75). A full latent variable model controlling for age showed PE significantly predicted weekly amounts of DP and engagement in mandatory and optional practice contexts; CI was inversely associated with threats to athletes’ sport commitment. Among senior athletes, both Expert and Advanced skill groups had higher PE levels than a Basic/Intermediate group, ps < .05. The tendency to work hard toward long-term goals seemingly enables athletes to persist with practice activities that are pivotal to expert sport development.