基于任务驱动的岩石物理课程综合性实验教学设计——以岩石热物理参数测定为例

为了提升岩石物理课程的实验教学效果,基于科研成果的认识,在任务驱动教学模式下,将研究思维融入岩石物理课程综合性实验教学设计。让学生自主完成实验,引导学生对实验数据分析,发挥学生的学习能动性,培养学生分析解决问题的能力、实践能力、团队协作能力,从而激发学生的科研创新意识。根据教学条件,设计了岩石热物理参数测定的综合性实验,该实验内容涉及多方面,不仅检验了学生对前期实验项目掌握程度,也能加深学生对岩石热物理参数的认识,更能帮助学生深度理解岩石热物理参数与其他岩石物理参数间的变化规律。     

探究开放式化学实验教学培养大学生的能动性

开放实验是提高学生综合素质及创新能力的一种新型实验教学模式。开放式化学实验教学具有实验时间、实验内容、实验教学估价开放的特点。开放式化学实验在培养学生能动性方面有其独特的效用,就开放式化学实验在教学方法、手段及内容方面做相应的改革,使之更适合于培养大学生的能动性,以培养具有＂基础扎实、知识面广、能力强、素质高＂的优秀应用人才。     

虚拟仿真实验技术在物理实验教学中的应用探讨

在物理实验教学中,传统的教学模式是教师单纯进行口头讲解,然后完成一些基本的实验,导致学生不能彻底掌握实验的过程,无法有效提升学生的思维能力和动手能力。文章主要探讨虚拟仿真实验技术在物理实验教学中的应用,指出虚拟仿真实验技术不仅能够提高物理实验教学质量,而且能够提高学生的自主探究能力。     

‘Teach as you preach’: the effects of student‐centred versus lecture‐based teaching on student teachers’ approaches to teaching

This study investigates the effects of teaching and learning environments on student teachers’ approaches to teaching and compares a lecture‐based setting to a student‐activating teaching environment, in which self‐discovery learning by means of authentic tasks is central. Data collection (N = 852) was obtained by a pre‐test/post‐test design including the Approaches to Teaching Inventory. Though student teachers’ approaches changed significantly, the direction is only consistent with the assumption that the student‐activating experiences push students towards conceptual change/student‐focused approaches; however, not away from information transmission/teacher‐focused teaching. In fact, students’ approaches to teaching at the start of the experiment are important predictors of their scores after they followed the course on child development under both conditions. Moreover, student teachers’ changes in approaches to teaching tend to be affected by variables such as performance, academic self‐esteem, perceived workload and students’ changes in approaches to learning: variables that operate in distinct ways for diverse categories of approaches and work differently in both settings. In addition, the willingness of students to teach in the way they have been taught is not as straightforward as might be expected. Although several students became convinced of the use of the teaching methods in the experiment for their own practice, the majority of students demonstrate reflective practices, make critical judgements, formulate terms or suggest amendments to the teaching methods before simply adopting them for their own future pupils.     

How Do Chemistry Teachers Deal with Students' Incorrect/Undesired Responses to Oral Classroom Questions? Exploring Effective Feedback Practices

In this paper, chemistry teachers’ reactions/behavior or actions following students’ undesired, unexpected or incorrect responses/answers to the posed teacher oral questions are reported. This study which was carried out in Tanzania in Iringa Municipality involved three chemistry teachers teaching in three different secondary schools. Actual teaching situations of the three teachers were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interpretively. We also performed semi-structured interviews with these teachers to bring forth the teachers’ inherent perceptions about their practice in relation to what was observed of the teachers’ individual actual teaching situations. Up to eight different forms of teachers’ responses or reactions to students’ undesired responses or incorrect answers are discussed with respect to how each is perceived to either positively or negatively affect students’ progressive learning. From the study, productive questioning is affected by teachers’ inability to effectively use classroom powers to trigger students’ thinking, as well as not being able to use students’ varied views to achieve the set learning goals. Instead of using their power strategies to facilitate students’ engagement with the scientific matter, the teachers used their classroom powers to guard themselves against classroom insecurities during the teaching process, such as preventing students from questioning their subject knowledge competencies.

     

基于校园网的材料力学实验教学平台建设

针对材料力学实验教学的现状,提出基于校园网的实验教学平台建设思路和方案,通过平台的使用,能够有效提高教学质量和教学管理水平,对培养学生的实践能力和创新意识起到有力的促进作用。     

Preparing Students for Social Action in a Social Justice Education Course: What Works?

The purpose of this study was to explore students’ perceptions of how the curriculum and teaching strategies in a social justice education course prepared them for social action engagement. Past studies using a similar approach to teaching about social justice issues did not include student interviews. Students’ perspectives can shed light on how experiences in a social justice education course prepared them to challenge social oppression and work toward equity in their daily lives. Six students were interviewed one semester after they completed a social justice education course. Findings indicated teaching strategies (e.g., experiential activities) that included students’ lived experiences also increased their personal awareness, empathy, confidence, and knowledge about tools for social action. These teaching strategies were identified more often than content as key in preparing students to take action. Classroom implications are discussed.     

Historical Controversy as an Educational Tool: Evaluating elements of a teaching–learning sequence conducted with the text “Dialogue on the Ways that Vision Operates”

This paper describes the development, use, and analysis, of an educational tool inspired by the history of the optical mechanism of vision. We investigated 12‐year‐old students’ reasoning about vision. Most of them explain it as the result of something coming either from the object or from the eye. Moreover, some of them think that light penetrates the eye only when they are dazzled. Such ideas can be found in the ancient and medieval history of science. In particular, the Ancients disagreed about the direction of vision until Alhazen opened the way to a consensus, arguing in the 11th century that light could be a stimulus for the eye. Our tool, a short drama entitled “Dialogue on the Ways that Vision Operates”, refers to those historical elements, especially to the controversy over the direction of vision and Alhazen’s ideas about light. This text was integrated in a teaching–learning sequence and experimented with six pairs of students aged 12–13. The analysis of this teaching–learning sequence shows that the learning process can take advantage of the opportunity offered to the students to identify themselves with the scientists portrayed in the drama.     

基于轻型高电压实验系统的实验教学研究

高压技术是电气工程与自动化专业的必修课,高压实验教学是专业课的重要组成部分,对提高学生的实践能力和创新能力,培养学生的思维能力、分析问题和解决问题的能力,培养适应当前需要的人才起着非常重要的作用。基于轻型高电压实验系统,从实验平台建设、实验教学项目研究与实验教学模式改革三个方面进行研究,提出了新的教学内容和模式。     

多元智能理论新视角:从多元智能和学习风格相关性看英语教学

该研究旨在探索学习风格和多元智能之间的相关性。研究通过对广州美术学院205名学生的问卷调查,经SPSS分析,发现美术专业的学生在学习过程中所偏好的学习风格多为动手型,而所擅长的智能类型多为自我认识型和视觉/空间型,其学习风格和多元智能中多项呈正相关关系。研究希望能通过对这些美术专业学生的调查和分析,加深对他们特性的了解,从而得到外语教学上的启发,并应用更合理的教学策略,帮助他们在英语学习上取得更大的进步。     

基于语料库的大学英语专业词汇课堂教学模式及效果

文章论述了基于语料库的大学英语专业教学的价值,并提出了将其运用到大学英语专业词汇课堂教学的四个步骤。在分析此教学模式的四个步骤时,论文通过举实例展示了如何使用COCA语料库在课堂中进行大学英语专业词汇教学。为了验证此教学模式的效果,作者选取了一个对照班和一个实验班进行了一项教学实验。该实验表明：（1）基于语料库的大学英语专业词汇课堂教学对学生的总体词汇水平没有显著影响,但是对中等成绩学生的词汇水平提高有明显促进作用;（2）该教学模式对学生的总体英语综合水平和各个层次学生的英语综合水平都没有显著提高。研究结论表明教师还应该不断修正该教学模式以适用于不同层次学生的需求,以及应该坚持和深化语料库在大学英语专业词汇课堂教学中的运用,以对学生的综合英语水平产生一定的积极作用。     

Why Inquiry? Primary Teachers’ Objectives in Choosing Inquiry- and Context-Based Instructional Strategies to Stimulate Students’ Science Learning

Studies have shown that there is a need for pedagogical content knowledge among science teachers. This study investigates two primary teachers and their objectives in choosing inquiry- and context-based instructional strategies as well as the relation between the choice of instructional strategies and the teachers’ knowledge about of students’ understanding and intended learning outcomes. Content representations created by the teachers and students’ experiences of the enacted teaching served as foundations for the teachers’ reflections during interviews. Data from the interviews were analyzed in terms of the intended, enacted, and experienced purposes of the teaching and, finally, as the relation between intended, enacted, and experienced purposes. Students’ experiences of the teaching were captured through a questionnaire, which was analyzed inductively, using content analysis. The results show that the teachers’ intended teaching objectives were that students would learn about water. During the enacted teaching, it seemed as if the inquiry process was in focus and this was also how many of the students experienced the objectives of the activities. There was a gap between the intended and experienced objectives. Hardly any relation was found between the teachers’ choice of instructional strategies and their knowledge about students’ understanding, with the exception that the teacher who also added drama wanted to support her students’ understanding of the states of water.     

Creative pedagogy: a case for teachers’ creative learning being at the centre

While educators in many parts of the world grapple with what creativity means in practice, discussions about creative pedagogy usually include the elements of creative teaching, teaching for creativity and creative learning. This article stems from a research project that occurred at a Preparatory to Year 9 school in Australia where we worked with staff to explore their understandings of creativity and creative learning in the Arts. We found that while students’ creative learning is a fundamental element in a creative pedagogy framework, the notion of creative learning of teachers is largely overlooked in discourses of teachers’ professional learning. Given the important role teachers play in student learning, we argue that teachers need to be informed not only about how to teach creatively and for creativity, but also how to consider possibilities and understand things in new ways, thereby making a case that a teacher’s own creative learning is crucial.     

医学实验教学中创新能力培养的探索与实践

针对当前高校基础医学实验教学中存在的不足,以学生为中心,把提高本科教学质量作为一切工作的中心,着力培养学生的创新思维能力和实际动手能力,深入开展教学改革工程、教学质量工程和创新素质教育工程。通过以提高能力为目标、培养学生的医学创新素质为核心等方面建设创新实践教学新体系,为医学生实验教学中创新能力培养与发展提供了新思路。     

大学英语“4I”写作教学模式研究

本研究通过实验探讨适合新时期大学生学习特点及需求的新的写作教学模式。笔者提出了包含呈现、互动、归纳和诊断四个环节的大学英语“4I”写作教学模式,并进行了为期4个月的教学实验。实验结果表明大学英语“4I”写作教学模式中多样的任务模式符合新时期大学生的学习心理及学习需要,能有效激发学生写作兴趣,利于学生英语写作水平的提高。     

Narrative study of a high school English teacher’s beliefs about teaching students identified as having a disability

A qualitative study probing the connection between a high school English teacher’s lived experience and beliefs about teaching students identified as having a disability using interview story method was undertaken. Struggles with family quickly emerged as a dominant storyline in the participant’s discussion of her beliefs about teaching such students. The teacher’s value of diversity in students, regardless of disability/ability status, evolved from family relations. The narrative also illuminates the importance of persistence and compromise in preserving and developing relationships that extend to colleagues and students. Lessons learned from gathering the narrative are also discussed.     

多种形式的化学第二课堂实践推进大学生创新教育

在化学实验教学示范中心建设过程中,我们开展了多种形式的第二课堂实践活动,如开放式实验教学、成立实验兴趣小组、开展多种形式实验竞赛等。实践表明多种形式的第二课堂实践活动,大大激发了学生的学习兴趣,在提高大学生的综合能力和实践能力、培养学生的创新精神和团队协作意识、强化大学生化学基础理论与实践的结合等方面发挥了重要的作用。     

From ‘consulting pupils’ to ‘pupils as researchers’: a situated case narrative

Schools in England are now being encouraged to ‘personalise’ the curriculum and to consult students about teaching and learning. This article reports on an evaluation of one high school which is working hard to increase student subject choice, introduce integrated curriculum in the middle years and to improve teaching and learning while maintaining a commitment to inclusive and equitable comprehensive education. The authors worked with a small group of students as consultants to develop a ‘student's‐eye’ set of evaluative categories in a school‐wide student survey. They also conducted teacher, student and governor interviews, lesson and meeting observations, and student ‘mind‐mapping’ exercises. In this article, in the light of the findings, the authors discuss the processes they used to work jointly with the student research team, and how they moved from pupils‐as‐consultants to pupils‐as‐researchers, a potentially more transformative/disruptive practice. They query the notion of ‘authentic student voice’ and show it as discursive and heterogeneous: they thus suggest that both a standards and a rights framings of student voice must be regarded critically.     

Conflict within dyadic interactions as a stimulant for conceptual change in physics

Research suggests that conventional teaching techniques have proved largely ineffective for dealing with the problem of science students’ misconceptions or alternative frameworks. This paper reports an investigation whereby inter‐personal conflict within dyadic interactions is used as a strategy for promoting development towards correct scientific conceptions in specific areas of electrical circuits and mechanics amongst first‐year tertiary physics students. The data indicate that a large number of physics students at the tertiary level hold non‐scientific conceptions of these physical phenomena. The dyadic interaction strategy proved effective as a means of encouraging students to actively and closely consider their own thinking about basic physical concepts. Further, results highlight the importance of inter‐personal conflict in the process of conceptual change.     

基于科教融合的化学综合实验教学改革与设计

基于实验教学实践及科研课题,对化学综合实验进行了教学改革与实验教学项目的创新设计。该实验结合新型样品前处理技术——分散液液微萃取技术,用分光光度法测定了枸杞中β-胡萝卜素含量,优化了样品前处理的条件,包括操作模式、萃取剂与分散剂、样品的化学环境等。该实验项目手动操作步骤多、现象稳定、重现性好,达到化学综合实验教学的要求,将教师启发式教学和学生自主设计实验相结合,强化了学生基础化学实验操作和综合运用理论知识并提高综合实验技能的作用,该实验能激发学生参与实验教学的主动性和积极性,有助于学生创新能力的培养。