青藏高原研究的信息环境建设

青藏高原研究涉及许多地球科学的前沿问题,目前开展的“青藏高原资源环境变化与区域可持续发展”和“青藏高原形成演化及其环境、资源效应”具有多学科综合研究的特点。面对汹涌澎湃的信息化浪潮,研究环境发生了很大的变化,青藏高原的科学研究需要充分利用信息科学技术建立(青藏高原;信息环境;基础设施;资源;政策     

The impact of core and infrastructure business activities on information systems planning and effectiveness

Core and infrastructure business activities are vital to the organization, and are growing more and more dependent on information systems. Theory suggests that more core and infrastructure business activities would inspire more strategic information systems planning which in turn would result in greater planning effectiveness. One hundred thirty chief information officers in manufacturing companies completed a questionnaire about the extent that their organization performed core and infrastructure business activities, and carried out technical, personnel, and procedures planning. The findings showed that infrastructure activities lead to all three types of planning whereas core activities lead only to procedures planning. Moreover, they showed that technical planning leads to planning effectiveness whereas personnel and procedures planning do not. The findings suggest that future researchers might try to uncover the reasons that core activities do not lead to more information systems planning. For practitioners, the findings suggest that managers reconsider how their organizations respond to core and infrastructure needs, and whether they should adjust their information systems planning.     

Social Contradictions in Informational Capitalism: The Case of Finnish Wage Earners and Their Labor Market Situation

Along with the diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICTs), work processes are becoming ever more knowledge intensive. In keeping with this trend, the number of informational (or knowledge) workers in Finland has more than tripled from 12% in 1988 to 39% in 2000. What makes the Finnish case unique and interesting is the exceptional speed with which the information sector of the economy has grown. A few years after facing the most severe economic recession in its history in the early 1990s, Finland is now considered to have an advanced information economy. However, our empirical analysis--based on survey data from 1988, 1994, and 2000--yields a somewhat more critical picture of the Finnish information society than what usually comes across in the mainstream media. The opportunities for social equality offered by the growth of informational work are far more limited than was the case with the transition from agricultural to industrial production.     

图书馆人力资源管理与信息资源建设

人力资源是重要的社会资源和经济资源,在人类组织活动中发挥着积极的能动作用,而随着时代的发展信息资源的争夺也越来越激烈,信息资源建设的成败已成为新时期国际竞争中取得胜利的重要武器。因此人力资源管理与信息资源建设已成为关系到图书馆发展的重要决定因素,论文详细介绍了图书馆人力资源管理与信息资源建设的内容,之后提出了图书馆人力资源管理的原则及信息资源建设的重要意义。     

Balancing the Local and the Global in Infrastructural Information Systems

A considerable body of literature has demonstrated-- empirically as well as analytically--that information systems need to be situated to the local context of use. Yet for infrastructural information systems that span numerous contexts spread out globally, this is literally prohibitive. For these systems to work, it is necessary to strike a balance between sensitiveness to local contexts and a need to standardize across contexts. We analyze a key element in this, namely, spelling out the (largely invisible) "costs" that the different actors pay to achieve working solutions. Empirically, we draw from an ongoing case study. We analyze the attempts of a maritime classification company with 5500 employees located in 300 sites in 100 countries to develop an infrastructural information system to support the surveying of ships globally. We elaborate design implications and concepts relevant to developing information infrastructures that also apply to the context of developing countries.     

水资源信息监控与管理

随着计算机和现代通信技术的高速发展,利用现代科技手段对水资源进行信息监控与管理,成了当今世界水资源管理的主要发展方向,文中根据国内外建设的水资源信息监控管理系统,分析了信息监测的种类和方式,提出了现行系统的不足,为进一步建设高自动化、高效率和高可靠性的信息监控与管理系统提供参考。     

调度自动化系统资源监视模块的设计与实现

智能电网中的调度自动化系统具有计算节点多、系统异构、运行状况与使用负载各不相同等特点。为保障系统自身的稳定运行,需要对各个计算节点的CPU、内存、硬盘等资源的使用情况进行监视,对不稳定因素发出告警。本文设计了一个完成监视和告警功能的资源监视模块,并详细介绍了资源监视信息的采集、分析、存储和展现等关键技术。这些技术已在调度自动化备调系统中应用,为自动化人员提供了实时可靠的监视工具,保障了系统的正常运行。     

Relationships between categories of relevance criteria and stage in task completion

The process of information seeking involves a varied set of tasks and interactions. Exactly how the information seeker judges the relevance of what is retrieved has been a renewed area of interest in information retrieval studies. Various studies have identified facets or categories of relevance which go beyond simple topical relevance, and there has been some recent research on how these multi-dimensional concepts of relevance relate to the information seeking process. This study extends research on the relationship between multi-dimensional user relevance assignments and stage in the process of completing a task. Our results concur with and add detail to previous studies and suggest that users consistently identify relevance criteria beyond topical relevance. Our results also find a statistically significant relationship between the users’ stage in the search process and relevance categories chosen using the convenience sample chosen for this study.     

Utopianism and National Competitiveness in Technology Rhetoric: The Case of Japan's Information Infrastructure

The ideologies of technological utopianism and national competitiveness are two common strands of twentieth century technology policy in developed nations. The former is the tendency to paint an unrealistic picture of schedule or benefits for a planned technological shift, while the latter is the use of a (real or imagined) advantage held by another nation as a justification for domestic policies. Both are techniques that can and have been used to sell technology policies to government, industry, and the public at large. This theoretical framework is used to analyze the emergence of the 'multimedia'/information infrastructure boomlet in Japan in the mid 1990s, and, in the context of the country's history and institutions, is used to explain the policy distortions that resulted.     

资源信息学的发展与展望

本文提出了资源信息是资源客体本质、特征和运动规律的属性的基本概念;阐述了系统论和信息论是资源信息学的理论基础,系统工程和信息方法是资源信息学研究的重要方法,计算机等信息技术是它的重要工具的观点;资源信息是资源信息学的研究对象;介绍了资源信息流从产生、传递、控制到应用等的每一个环节的理论、方法、技术等问题;提出了信息综合分析法、资源系统黑箱方法、系统整体优化法、描述方法和推断方法、定性和定量分析法、多维信息环境法等是资源信息学的研究方法;初步确定了资源信息学的学科体系为资源信息学的理论基础、资源信息学的方法论、资源信息学的技术体系、资源信息学的应用和资源信息学的工程体系;文章最后指出了资源信息产生的机理、信息融合、信息挖掘、专家系统、数据仓库、可视化、信息集成技术研究、资源环境模型研究以及资源环境虚拟科研环境构建等问题是当前资源信息学研究的热点问题等.由于资源信息学是一门尚未成熟的学科,有待进一步去探索,故文章中的观点仅供同等们研究时参考,不妥之处,欢迎批评指正.     

大科学装置与粤港澳大湾区发展的关系分析

建设粤港澳大湾区是中国特色社会主义进入新时代后的一次重大历史机遇，大科学装置的“高密度科技创新资源聚合体”功能，为粤港澳大湾区建设提供了有力抓手。目前，粤港澳大湾区内大科学装置布局过于分散，并且，中国大科学装置现有的管理模式和投资模式，与当前以“城市群”、“湾区经济”为主体的发展趋势不符。集中布局大科学装置，探索建立以中央政府为主导、湾区城市群合作的大科学装置投资和管理模式，基于大科学装置整合多项国家科技政策和战略规划资源，是粤港澳大湾区基于大科学装置构建创新引领发展模式的可选策略。     

国外医药产业网络信息资源及其开发利用研究

根据医药企业的信息需求,论述了医药产业的信息源、网络信息资源及其内容、类型,探讨了国外医药产业网络信息资源的分布、搜集途径、检索方法及其开发利用。     

中国资源消耗与经济增长动态关系的检验与分析

随着人口继续保持增长、城市化进程进一步加快、经济结构进入快速转型期,各省经济要保持平稳较快的发展,必然会对自然资源产生更大的需求、对生态环境造成更大的压力。因此,对各地区经济系统的资源投入与消耗进行分析,对认清各省经济发展过程中的资源利用现状、调整可持续发展政策方向具有很强的现实意义。本文基于物质流核算框架下的物质投入核算方法,选取1990年-2008年数据,利用面板协整与误差修正模型对中国省级层面资源消耗与经济增长之间的动态关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:资源消耗与经济增长之间存在长期双向因果关系;化石能源消耗与人均GDP之间存在长期双向因果关系;矿物质消耗与人均GDP之间短期无因果关系;生物质消耗对人均GDP存在长期单向因果关系。并提出建议:短期内可采取控制矿物质消耗的政策;长期应采取化石能源的保护政策,大力开发生物质能源。     

大数据时代学术期刊的内容优化与价值重构

【目的】大数据时代,从认知与挖掘学术期刊的数据视角,探究学术期刊的内容优化,传播价值重构的路径。【方法】 通过文献检索,分析学术期刊数字化以及网络传播现状;对比学术期刊数据化需求,从科研行为,学术传播,科研场域等维度分析学术传播从数字化向“数据化”转型策略。【结果】 盘活学术期刊的“数据”能延伸学术知识资源的价值链。【结论】 大数据时代,挖掘学术期刊的数据及其价值,可以促进学术期刊的“数据化”转型。     

广西南宁市实施全国文化信息资源共享工程存在的问题及对策

通过对南宁市“全国文化信息资源共享工程”的实施状况进行调查,得出南宁市“文化共享工程”的建设存在的问题,并为南宁市今后“文化共享工程”的继续实施提出相应的对策。     

The link between information processing capability and competitive advantage mediated through decision-making effectiveness

While research underpinned by the resource-based view (RBV) appears to suggest that IT-enabled capabilities are positively linked to competitive advantage, such a link is often seen as a black box as the processes through which competitive advantage can be gained appears unclear. In particular, research appears to suggest that information processing capability is linked to decision-making effectiveness and competitive advantage; however, little research appears to examine the interrelationship among them. This study, drawing on the RBV, develops a mediation model to examine the link between competitive advantage and the key tenets of value, rarity, inimitability and non-substitutability of information processing capability in the context of business analytics; and whether this link is mediated through decision-making effectiveness. Based on data collected from 633 UK companies, this study shows that there is a positive link between the value, rarity and inimitability characteristics of information processing capability and competitive advantage, which is partially mediated by decision-making effectiveness. The findings contribute to the theoretical development of the RBV by developing a mediation model that looks inside the black box. They also contribute to managers’ knowledge and understanding of the mechanism through which the strategic value of information processing capability can be maximized.     

交易成本视角下生物医药孵化器建设存在问题及对策

从交易成本理论视角来看,生物医药孵化器具有实现创新资源共享、降低市场交易成本等作用,在运营发展过程中也会产生比较高的信息成本、协调成本及监督成本.分入孵、在孵两个阶段,分析提出我国生物医药孵化器运营成本问题的成因,主要包括信息共享不足、运行机制不够健全以及监督体系有待完善等,结合对美国强生JLabs生物医药孵化器的案例分析,从交易成本视角为降低我国生物医药孵化器运营成本、提高孵化能力,提出加强信息共享建设、制定健全运行机制和构建完善监督体系等具体对策建议.     

Domesticating Computers and the Internet

The people who use computers and the ways they use them have changed substantially over the past 25 years. In the beginning highly educated people, mostly men, in technical professions used computers for work, but over time a much broader range of people are using computers for personal and domestic purposes. This trend is still continuing, and over a shorter time scale has been replicated with the use of the Internet. This paper uses data from four national surveys to document how personal computers and the Internet have become increasingly domesticated since 1995 and to explore the mechanisms for this shift. Now people log on more often from home than from places of employment and do so for pleasure and for personal purposes rather than for their jobs. Analyses comparing veteran Internet users to novices in 1998 and 2000 and analyses comparing the change in use within a single sample between 1995 and 1996 support two complementary explanations for how these technologies have become domesticated. Women, children, and less well-educated individuals are increasingly using computers and the Internet and have a more personal set of motives than well-educated men. In addition, the widespread diffusion of the PC and the Internet and the response of the computing industry to the diversity in consumers has led to a rich set of personal and domestic services.     

高技术企业研发效率与IT效率的关系*

探讨高科技企业信息技术（IT）投入效率与研发效率的相关性及其交互机理和协同障碍,以我国生物制药行业43家大型上市企业为实证研究对象,基于公开的企业年报数据开展相关分析,并以其他43家生物制药中小型上市企业相关数据作为补充验证。结果表明,我国大型生物制药上市企业的信息技术投入效率和研发效率均存在较大提升空间,其中,研发效率但信息技术效率偏低的企业应进一步提升信息技术投资效率和治理能力,而信息技术效率较高但研发效率较低的企业需要重视如何依托信息技术投入效率和治理能力优势进一步提高研发产出。     

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online.