“互联网+”背景下高等教育发展探讨

在新时代背景下,我国经济水平逐步提高,高校教育得到了人们普遍的关注。当前信息技术已经在多个领域之中得到了有效渗透,使得发展模式出现了巨大变化。为此,相关教师应对此提高重视程度,及时改变教育方式,以此满足学生的个人需求。该文主要描述“互联网+”对高等教育造成的影响,探讨高等教育发展存在的缺陷,并对于发展模式创新方面发表一些个人的观点和看法。     

中国高中生对留学海外高校质量信息的重视程度及其影响因素研究

20世纪80年代以来,随着高等教育的全球化和中国经济的发展,越来越多的中国学生留学海外接受高等教育。学生能否做出高回报的海外高等教育决策,与他们对海外高校质量信息的了解有着密切联系。本研究利用香港中文大学教育学院2007年对全国东中西7个城市12961名高三学生所做的“留学海外高等教育的看法和意愿”问卷调查数据,分析了我国高中生对海外高校质量信息的重视程度,以及可能影响这种重视程度的因素。研究发现,学生普遍重视海外高校的质量信息。同时,在各种因素中,不同留学付费方式、留学国家和专业选择偏好,以及学生个人特征（如家庭居住地特点、学业自评水平）因素,对学生对质量信息的重视程度都有着显著的影响力。     

Methodological issues in economic evaluation of early intervention programs

The application of various techniques of economic evaluation to early intervention has attracted considerable attention from policy makers, practitioners, and researchers interested in programs that seek to improve the development of infant and young children. Economic evaluation has made some outstanding contributions to our knowledge of early intervention. However, there is also some confusion regarding the goals, limitations, and methods of economic evaluation, resulting in errors in the conduct and interpretation of economic studies. This paper seeks to reduce this confusion by providing an overview of economic evaluation and reviewing three of the best-known examples. It is hoped that researchers will use the information presented here to improve economic evaluations through review and criticism and to design research on early intervention practice and efficacy that will improve the basic data on which economic evaluations rely.     

University Experiences,the Student-College Relationship,and Alumni Support

ABSTRACT

University administrators have begun to more aggressively adopt many of the techniques associated with relationship marketing. This would seem like a perfect strategy for a university as loyal alumni can do such things as offer personal recommendations to help build enrollments, participate in alumni functions, purchase university-branded products, and enroll in professional education courses. However, there are many unexamined questions regarding the nature and impact of alumni relationships with the university. This paper explores the impacts of the alumni-university relationship and alumni assessments of their college experiences on important expressions of loyalty. A sample of alumni who had graduated three to eight years prior to the study completed a telephone survey. The results provide support for the impact of these variables on current behavior and behavioral intentions. Implications of these findings for university marketers are discussed.     

Perceived Level of Personal Control Over the Work Environment and Employee Satisfaction and Work Performance

The purpose of this article is to provide a review of background information regarding perceived level of personal control over the physical features of the work environment and its impact on individual satisfaction and outcomes. In today's business with the fast growth of technology, e‐market development, and innovative methods of communication, the workplace will continue to change rapidly. To control and accommodate these fast changes while sustaining or enhancing outcomes, organizations have increasingly turned to a model of work teams; therefore, employees’ skills in working within team environments has been emphasized. To guarantee that the work environment itself supports these new approaches of working, flexible workplaces are often suggested. Open‐plan offices offer more flexibility when compared to completely closed and private ones and they are considered to have more capabilities and are, therefore, highly valued in today's industry. Apart from its advantages, open‐plan office design does create some problems due to lack of personal control over the work environment, which can negatively affect employees’ satisfaction and performance. It is, therefore, important to emphasize the significance of personal control over the physical work environment and the impact of that on employees’ satisfaction and outcome.     

Teacher participation in the decision‐making process: reality and repercussions in Indian higher education

The study reported here focused on comparing teachers’ actual and desired participation in different decision‐making situations and examined how participation in decision making differs in Indian higher educational institutions. The paper provides a comparison of findings with similar studies conducted in Western settings regarding the relationship of participative decision making (PDM) with some selected organizational variables: teachers’ job satisfaction, organizational goal commitment, role ambiguity, and role conflict. Data were gathered through a survey of 281 faculty members of Banaras Hindu University, India. Results indicate that in the Indian context, teachers’ actual and desired participation was highest in institutional decisions and lowest in technical decisions. Among the personal variables, age, designation, teaching experience and span of service in present institution were found to be significantly related with decisional participation of university teachers. It is recommended that administrators evolve a mechanism for inviting participation of teachers in different decisional domains, based on the findings of this study.     

大学生体育锻炼价值观的认知对终身体育观形成的影响

论文通过网络问卷和现场调查问卷调研的方式对江西省内高校750名高校大学生进行了调研,目的在于分析当前大学生对体育锻炼价值观的认识及其对终身体育观形成的影响。调研结果发现,不同年级、删别和专业类学生对体育锻炼价值观的认识存在明显差异,一方面由于性别因素引起的生理机制和心理因素的不乒,致使男女大学生进行体育锻炼的价值观认识有区别,另一方面理科专业学生较文科专业学生更加倾向于娱乐荇压和人际交往价值观取向,而非体育类艺术专业大学生偏向兴趣爱好、自我实现、塑造形体和经济导向价值观的认识,此外,低年级学生由于开设体育与健康课程的影响,对于体育锻炼的兴趣较高,但人际交往和塑造形制．方面的价值观认识低于高年级学生。     

Evaluating the individual and combined impact of national leadership programmes in England: perceptions and practices

The National College for School Leadership (NCSL) was launched in 2000 with a remit to supervise and further enhance educational leadership development initiatives in England and Wales. Its corporate plan for 2003–07 set out a series of key objectives, which include a commitment to demonstrate the impact of the NCSL on school leadership. Some empirical evidence is beginning to emerge regarding the efficacy and impact of programmes delivered under the aegis of the NCSL but systematic studies of the ways in which school effectiveness is enhanced in schools that have been subject to multiple interventions in leadership development are less visible in the literature. This article reports on a study that included both a questionnaire survey and case studies of 10 schools which required school leaders, at all levels from middle managers to headteachers, to reflect on the impact that national programmes, both individually and cumulatively, were having on their personal professional development and on their schools as a whole. Findings of the study suggest that there is evidence that national leadership programmes are impacting positively on leadership in schools although the level of impact appears to be variable across programmes. The paper is offered as one contribution to the International Study of the Preparation of Principals (ISPP) project based at the University of Calgary.     

Quality of education and economic growth

This paper assesses the impact of school quality on student outcomes, particularly job performance, and subsequently on economic growth. It begins by showing that ‘investment in human capital’ has evolved from being viewed as simply an investment of student time to including interactions between time and monetary resources which may serve to improve school quality. Evidence is provided from studies of both elementary/secondary schooling and post-secondary education, and from studies of developed and less developed nations. It appears that school quality has substantially greater impact on changes in students' cognitive and behavioral outcomes in less developed than advanced countries. Yet school quality seems to effect lifetime earnings of all students regardless of the level of development of their nations. The paper explains why. in some cases, more years and money spent for schooling may not necessarily appear to reflect higher earnings. Explanations are provided for differences in the impact of school quality on student changes. A major one is the fact that there are significantly diminishing returns to expenditures on schooling, along with the fact that expenditure levels are so much lower in the poorer countries. Reasons are provided as to why, if institutional differences do not account for changes in students in wealthier nations, these differences should still account for differences in earnings. Factors such as measurement problems and institutional arrangements come into play in this regard. The paper concludes that improvement in the quality of schooling provided in developing countries may be more important tor the future economic prospects of these nations in the long run than will expanded access to poor quality education.     

A Note on Measuring the Economic Impact of Institutions of Higher Education

Universities and other institutions of higher education are frequently asked to justify, in economic terms, the allocation of state monies toward their programs. These institutions have often responded by conducting economic impact studies. The traditional approach to economic impact views increases in expenditures by a university as a means to create new jobs within the state and to expand the state's economic base. Recent studies have employed a new approach that also accounts for increases in the state's skill base as part of the economic impact. Although the skill-base approach yields favorable results for higher education, recent applications of the technique fail to consider fully the effects of migration on a university's economic impact and, thus, substantially overestimate the impact. Researchers are well advised to avoid the skill-base approach and to utilize the traditional economic-base approach, which produces more reliable estimates of local economic impact. Moreover, states and universities are cautioned not to place the debate over education financing exclusively in the realm of economic impact, since there are other reasons to provide publicly funded higher education.     

Climate change education: quantitatively assessing the impact of a botanical garden as an informal learning environment

Although informal learning environments have been studied extensively, ours is one of the first studies to quantitatively assess the impact of learning in botanical gardens on students' cognitive achievement. We observed a group of 10th graders participating in a one-day educational intervention on climate change implemented in a botanical garden. The students completed multiple-choice questionnaires in a pre-post-retention test design. Comparing the test scores revealed a significant short-term knowledge gain as well as a long-term knowledge gain. Consequently, our results show the potentials of botanical gardens as effective learning environments, and for complementing formal school-based learning settings regarding climate change education.     

对课堂教学设计中教学目标阐明的思考

教学目标阐明在整个课堂教学设计中占据着很重要的地位。该文在概述教学目标阐明的已有研究后,反思了新的时代背景下教学目标阐明中存在的主要问题,并对此提出了个人的思考。     

个性特征变量对隐私关注影响的实证研究

信息隐私风险是阻碍网络用户自愿暴露信息的主要原因之一。为帮助政府和企业制定合理而有效的政策保护消费者个人隐私,减低隐私顾虑。文章在西方已有研究的基础上,对我国网络用户的隐私关注程度进行测度,并运用性别差异等理论,考察了个性特征变量对隐私关注的影响。实证研究结果显示,女性的信息控制权感知水平高于男性,受教育水平越高对信息被收集的担忧程度越高,网龄越长隐私关注程度、控制权感知和信息被收集的担忧程度反而越低。最后,总结了本研究的学术贡献并向实践者提供了指导性的建议。     

青岛市贷款余额与经济增长关系的实证研究

运用协整检验和格兰杰因果检验,选取2003年～2009年青岛市国内生产总值(GDP)和贷款余额的季度数据,分析青岛市贷款余额与经济增长之间的关系。研究结果表明:贷款余额是经济增长的格兰杰原因;贷款结构对经济增长有重要影响,短期贷款对经济增长推动作用要远大于长期贷款。从长期来看,应做好信贷资金的统筹规划,更好地促进青岛市经济的增长。     

Dealing with “induced migration” in university impact studies

The migration-inducing effect of an institution of higher education is often overlooked in university impact studies. This paper deals with estimating the local economic impacts of a university accounting for the fact that students and staff induced to the area by the presence of the university are unlikely to remain in its absence. It is argued that this is an important aspect of the correct identification of the counterfactual position and a vital component in accurate impact analysis. A case study is presented relating to the short-term impacts of the Northwestern University campus in the city of Evanston, Illinois. The tendency to overstate this impact through the incorrect treatment of induced migration is illustrated. It is also shown that the estimated income and output impacts attributed to the university are very sensitive to changes in the local consumption patterns of migrants.     

冲突性话语中的语用缓和研究概述

本文是有关冲突性话语中的语用缓和研究概述。首先讨论冲突性话语的回应类型,然后在回顾国内外学者相关研究的基础上,总结言谈中关于直接反对、批评、不同意的缓和性回应类型的研究比较少,存在一定研究空间,这也就是本文的研究意义所在。如何缓和言语交际、避免言语冲突对人与人之间的社会交往有着积极深远的影响,笔者希望这些语用缓和的研究概述能够引起更多的人对这方面的关注。     

Degrees of value: comparing the contextual complexities of UK transnational education in Malaysia and Hong Kong

This paper reveals the complex diversity that underpins ostensibly similar transnational education programmes (TNE), through a comparison of UK TNE in Malaysia and Hong Kong. It draws on data from two different yet cognate studies on the role of UK universities in delivering higher education in Asia. Some fine-grained and informative differences between the ways in which ‘value’ in TNE is constructed in different host contexts is revealed. The paper brings to light the ‘voices’ of TNE students and graduates, which are very seldom heard. The arguments adapt and extend the concepts of education as a positional good, and as cultural capital. For various instrumental, intrinsic and personal reasons the authors discuss in detail, UK TNE is more highly valued in Malaysia than in Hong Kong. The paper makes a wider contribution to knowledge on the changing landscape of international higher education and the impact on social and personal (dis)advantage.     

The effects of gender,personal trauma history and memory continuity on the believability of child sexual abuse disclosure among psychologists

Gender, a personal history of trauma and attitudes towards continuous vs recovered memories of abuse significantly impact the believability of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) disclosures in community samples. Yet, whether these variables influence the believability of CSA disclosure and subsequent clinical decisions made by practicing psychologists is underexplored. A vignette of trauma disclosure from a hypothetical adult client was presented via an online survey to 292 registered psychologists. Participants rated the believability of the disclosure, answered an open-ended item regarding treatment planning, and completed the Brief Betrayal Trauma Survey to measure personal trauma history. Results indicated that female psychologists believed disclosures significantly more than male psychologists and that disclosures comprised of continuous memories were believed more than recently recovered memories. A significant interaction between gender and personal trauma history was also revealed. Female psychologists believed disclosures regardless of their personal trauma history, while male psychologists with a personal history of trauma believed disclosures significantly more than male psychologists without personal trauma history. Reported believability of the disclosure, while unrelated to treatment planning, was associated with a reported intention to validate the client’s experience. The results support that, similar to community samples, gender and a personal trauma history impact psychologist believability of CSA disclosure. The research further supports that psychologist level of belief then translates into clinical implications.     

中美大学生就业状况的比较研究

本文利用2007年美国大学与雇主协会调查的美国毕业生就业状况数据和北京大学调查的中国毕业生就业状况数据,从求职结果、求职途径、求职意向和就业影响因素等方面对中美两国进行了比较研究,以期发现一些有价值的启示,从而提出有关就业的政策建议.     

营商环境视角下退役军人创业行为研究——基于温州市的调查分析

经济新常态下,做好退役军人创业就业工作是社会稳定、经济发展的重要保障。通过问卷调查和访谈调研以研究营商环境各因素对退役军人创业行为的影响。结果表明,当下的政策环境对退役军人的创业行为呈正向影响;经济环境对退役军人的创业行为呈负影响;文化环境和技术环境对退役军人的创业行为影响不明显。政府应创设更适宜的营商环境,切实为退役军人的创业活动提供便利,以吸引更多潜在的创业者投入创业队伍,从而促进就业与社会经济的发展。