知行统一 力行实践——《思想道德修养与法律基础》课程实效性研究

《思想道德修养与法律基础》课是对大学生进行德育教育的课程,实效性是思想政治理论课的生命线。立足课堂教学,延伸教学视野。提高教学实效性,是思想政治理论课教师在教学中需要深入探索的一个重要课题。以知为基础,以行为归宿,坚持知行统一,力行实践,是我们在教学中的经验总结,对提高《思想道德修养与法律基础》实效性很有助益。     

Being in the users' shoes: Anticipating experience while designing online courses

While user‐centred design and user experience are given much attention in the e‐learning design field, no research has been found on how users are actually represented in the discussions during the design of online courses. In this paper we identify how and when end‐users' experience—be they students or tutors—emerges in designers' discussions during their meetings in well‐established open universities. More precisely, we observed 15 design meetings of two design teams during the development of specific online courses. Designers' discourse was analysed on the basis of six dimensions regarding relevant actors, contents and strategies (purposes) of user experience anticipation. Results show the emergence of a solution‐oriented anticipatory discourse in form of scenarios regarding how learners and tutors will react to the course and the proposed activities. Moreover, this discourse is related to an emergent type of users‐based expertise, translated as the capacity of some designers to empathise with the end‐users more than other designers do. The participation of designers with this type of expertise in e‐learning design teams emerges as relevant for the decisions related to the course activities, interface or overall experience. Further research is invited towards this direction. Further discussion on this article can be found in “Being in the users' shoes: Is there maybe another way?” (DOI: 10.1111/bjet.12104 ).     

“You're going to want to find out which and prove it”: collective argumentation in a mathematics classroom

One of the proposals of the North American educational reform movement is that teachers should stress scientific argumentation more than the manipulation of symbols and algorithms in their mathematics instruction. The aim of this article is to apply some theoretical concepts, drawn from the fields of sociolinguistics and rhetoric, to the analysis of argumentation in a lesson conducted in an urban middle school classroom. Our analysis focuses on the implementation of the classroom teacher's instructional goals during a lesson on area measurement. As a result of our analyses, we found that she achieved her instructional goals of being nondirective in her teaching and getting students actively involved in arguing about mathematical concepts. The teacher was able to orchestrate discussion by recruiting attention and participation from her class, aligning students with argumentative positions through reported speech, highlighting positions through repetition, and pointing out important aspects of their arguments through expansion. In addition, we also found that her students differed in the way they framed the mathematical content of the lesson in terms of the facts or grounds, algorithms or warrants, premises or backings, as well as solutions or claims. Their arguments also varied in terms of explicitness and ability to integrate their classmates' arguments. In conclusion, we feel that discourse analysis, based on sociolinguistic and rhetorical theoretical frameworks, can be a valuable tool for the evaluation of educational reform in mathematics.     

Reorienting teaching standards: learning from lesson study

Teaching standards are regularly described as a mechanism for improving the status of the teaching profession and as a means to develop high-quality teachers. Less attention has been paid to the difficulties of fostering professional learning when externally produced standards are imposed on teachers. This paper outlines how lesson study can inform the use of teaching standards to shift the focus to centre on learning rather than teaching to richly inform national and international views on the use of teaching standards. More specifically, it explores how lesson study was a powerful process that developed a lived understanding of teaching standards and fostered two significant discursive shifts in teacher understanding of standards: from individual to collegial activity; and secondly from statements of teaching to centring the focus on processes of learning.     

Adapting ‘lesson study’ to investigate classroom pedagogy in initial teacher education: what student-teachers think

This paper reports findings from a project that explored the use of a modified form of ‘lesson study’ in a one-year programme of secondary school initial teacher education (ITE). Twelve mentors and student-teachers worked in pairs to design and teach two ‘research lessons’ in the course of two eight-week teaching practice placements as part of a university–school partnership for the preparation of new teachers. Participating student-teachers reported that engagement in this form of lesson study with a mentor was an effective way to help them grow individual teaching skills, knowledge and confidence in teaching placements. In addition, in most cases, it enabled active and creative participation in a community of teacher learners. However, engagement in lesson study not only supported student-teachers to meet ‘qualifying to teach’ standards, but also offered opportunities for holistic study of teaching and learning, leading to growth in what we characterise as ‘pedagogic literacy’.     

Telematics-Supported Education for Traditional Universities in Europe

Telematics is the combination of information technology and communication technology. Telematics applications to support educational delivery and participation in traditional European universities are rapidly becoming part of the educational setting. Sometimes they are used specifically to increase distance flexibility in participation, but this is not their only value. Telematics applications are also associated with other forms of flexibility, as well as with heightened efficiency and enrichment of the learning process, both for those in full-time traditional attendance and those participating in increasingly variable ways. In this paper, we first give an overview of the pressures for change in traditional universities in Europe and then define the change domain as involving much more than distance. Then, an overview of a variety of ways that telematics applications are being used in traditional universities in Europe will be given, including categories relating to various aspects of the course-participation experience in the individual course (such as aspects relating to lectures, self-study, and project-type group work). This will be followed by examples of new forms of course organization involving one or more institutions and also of new forms of activities in which traditional universities are becoming involved outside of their core business of mainstream course delivery. The impact on a particular institution, the University of Twente in The Netherlands, will be discussed in more detail. Issues demanding serious attention include staff and student engagement and support and technical decisions relating to the infrastructure and interface of the technology needed to make the new flexibilities possible. These are described and illustrated with examples. The difficulties in supporting this evolution in traditional universities with cost-effectiveness analysis are also noted. Finally, a reflection is made on the changing state of the division between traditional universities and universities organized around distance and open delivery. In some ways, this division is rapidly loosing meaningfulness, but certain differences that are more profound than “distance” still remain.     

教师集体课程决策的特征与局限

我国教师集体课程研究制度由来已久,目前主要的集体课程决策形式可以总结为:整体解读式、流程约定式、课例研究式、问题解决式、课程开发式、反馈调整式。教师合作的质量影响教师集体课程决策的效果,教师集体课程决策具有对象上的层次性,教师集体课程决策具有个体需求上的差异性,教师集体课程决策与个体课程决策相互延伸。教师集体课程决策对教师专业发展具有意义,但必须注意克服课程约定中对个性发挥的局限,集体课程决策方式的局限,以及沟通中信息流动均衡性的局限。     

“行为导向”教学法与管理专业教学实践

“行为导向”教学法的中心思想就是让学生参与，并有机会让其体现“个体存在”的价值，形成真正意义上“教学相长”的氛围。在管理专业的教学实践中，通过具体方法的实践将进一步探索能力培养的有效途径。     

浅谈体育教师的教学艺术

讲究教学艺术,是体育教师完成体育课教学任务的重要保证,体育教学要注重培养自己的教学风格,巧妙灵活运用正确的示范进行教学,善于组织教学,在教学中多采用师生互动型教学方法,寓教于乐,获得较好的教学效果。     

过程控制在大学课程考核中的新探索

传统的大学课程考核总是在课程结束后采取"一考定终身"的方式,存在着许多弊端,而过程控制能充分考虑学生在课程学习过程中的表现,能更真实地反映学生的学习效果,从而成为当前课程考核的主流。结合土木工程的专业课程,探讨在课堂、课后和实验、实践等教学环节,通过对学生的出勤、提问、测验、课后作业、论文专题和实验、实践等方面实施过程控制的探索,在此基础上给出平时成绩,并结合课程的特点按照一定的权重将平时成绩与期终考核成绩结合起来,以综合评定学生的课程成绩,从而起到更加真实、全面反映学生学习效果的目的。     

Preventing Student Disengagement and Keeping Students on the Graduation Path in Urban Middle-Grades Schools: Early Identification and Effective Interventions

This article considers the practical, conceptual, and empirical foundations of an early identification and intervention system for middle-grades schools to combat student disengagement and increase graduation rates in our nation's cities. Many students in urban schools become disengaged at the start of the middle grades, which greatly reduces the odds that they will eventually graduate. We use longitudinal analyses—following almost 13,000 students from 1996 until 2004—to demonstrate how four predictive indicators reflecting poor attendance, misbehavior, and course failures in sixth grade can be used to identify 60% of the students who will not graduate from high school. Fortunately, by combining effective whole-school reforms with attendance, behavioral, and extra-help interventions, graduation rates can be substantially increased.     

社会民主进程与公民参与

本文首先分析了公民参与所具有的价值,即公民参与蕴含个人利益与公共利益的统一,为追求个人利益提供了一个有效的途径;公民参与蕴含对公平正义的追求,有利于达成共识、促进社会和谐与稳定。进而揭示了社会民主进程与公民参与的本质联系,即公民参与有助于提高公民的民主意识、权利意识和责任意识;公民参与是实现公民权利的基本途径;公民参与可以使公共政策更加科学;公民参与可以有效防止公共权力的滥用。同时,社会民主进程能够激发公民参与的热情;社会民主进程能够提高公民参与的能力。最后,提出了培养公民参与精神的三个主要途径:教育灌输,舆论引导,实践养成。     

The Relationship between Pre-service Mathematics Teachers’ Focus on Student Thinking in Lesson Analysis and Lesson Planning Tasks

This study explored whether pre-service teachers’ (PSTs’) lesson analysis skills during a teacher education course in the country of Turkey were related to their skills of lesson planning. PSTs’ lesson analysis skills during fieldwork were assessed by their attention to and interpretation of student thinking and learning, and how it is influenced by the teachers’ instructional decisions. The PSTs’ lesson analysis scores were significantly and positively correlated with scores in lesson planning task focusing on student thinking. The findings contribute to the literature on whether PSTs’ lesson analysis skills may be transferred to one of the core activities of teaching.     

Meaningful interaction: toward a new theoretical approach to online instruction

ABSTRACT

Taking full advantage of the educative benefits of interaction in digital learning environments will require the development of new theoretical frameworks that can contribute to a richer understanding of interaction. Literary theory provides an excellent place to develop such a framework and advanced understanding. Literary theory enables us to reconceptualise online courses as ‘texts’, thereby equipping us with more sophisticated modes of analysis for the teaching and learning process. By rethinking online courses as texts, and better yet as what Roland Barthes has described as ‘writerly’ texts, we can improve interaction in the online classroom. More importantly, we can move toward a more meaningful form of interaction, where learners interact with course content at the level of meaning and meaning making, where interaction becomes a full participation in the production of a lesson’s meaning. Indeed, this aim of co-producing meaning should be the primary objective of all learning.     

ONE TEACHER, TWO LESSONS: THE LESSON STUDY PROCESS

In this paper, we analyze 2 lessons by 1 teacher that took place during a lesson study (LS) cycle for a team of elementary mathematics teachers. We analyze the data on 2 levels: macro-level analysis, dealing with lesson structure and setting; and micro-level analysis, zooming in on mathematical tasks and the quality of whole-class discussion. We analyze teacher participation in LS to identify the main mechanisms leading to changes in teaching observed between the 2 lessons. We argue that collaborative noticing, collaborative awareness, and brainstorming are the core mechanisms of teacher change in the course of LS.     

Lesson Study with preservice teachers: Lessons from lessons

This article examines a 2-year process of integrating Lesson Study—a form of teacher-led professional development—into an introductory course on the principles of teaching for students majoring in early childhood education. The course is taught in conjunction with beginning practicum work in area schools. We describe obstacles, modifications, and outcomes as we adapted the Lesson-Study process to help preservice teachers pay closer attention to instructional strategies (such as questioning techniques, anticipating student responses, and how lesson flow affects student understanding), and become more comfortable with constructive criticism by focusing on the lesson plan rather than the teacher.     

美国照护社会救助制度及对我国的启示

在老年人的生活质量被日益关注的今天,处在社会最底层的贫困失能老人更应该得到社会的重视,应该对他们优先提供照护社会救助。通过对美国的照护社会救助制度进行介绍和分析,梳理美国在照护社会救助标准的设定、救助服务的提供、救助制度的支出等方面的成功经验,可对我国照护社会救助制度的建立提供启示。     

教师区域网络协同备课中的社会网络分析

社会网络分析法在网络教研、CSCL中日趋受到重视,文献调研发现,以往研究主要集中在社会网络的1-模网络分析。首先综合应用1-模网络和2-模网络分析,对来自安徽省肥西县10所不同学校的33位二年级语文教师在学习元上开展的协同备课数据进行社会网络分析,对其网络结构图、中心性、凝聚子群、"核心-边缘"与"分派"展开分析,立体化展示了协同备课过程中教师群体和个人层次的参与特点,并重点从教师个体角度,分析其参与度、协作知识建构阶段和关注主题的分布情况及特征。最后基于分析结果,提出了后续网络备课和区域教研中应注意的问题。     

略论语文课的创新教学

语文课的创新教学,应运用现代教育理念,变传统的"教教材"为"用教材";设计活泼多样的学习形式;注重培养学生的创新精神;沟通课内外,培养学生素质.这样,语文教学效率才能提高,学生学习的积极性也会得到提升.     

智能化环境中基于学习分析的学习行为优化研究

学习环境的智能化已成为主流趋势,如何合理运用学习分析技术挖掘并分析其中的学生学习行为数据,优化学生学习行为、激发其学习主动性,是在线教育领域值得关注的课题。为此,基于对学习行为文献的分析,从数据采集与存储、行为分析、反馈与提醒、智能化行为优化、智能引擎等五个方面,构建了学习行为优化模型,并将模型运用于湖南S大学《信息技术与课程整合》课程的智慧教学实践中,依托智慧教学平台获取并分析学生学习行为数据,再针对具体情景采取合理的学习行为优化措施。研究结果表明,经过这一优化,不仅有效提升了学生认知维度的学习成绩、强化了互动维度的学习互动;而且提高了时效维度的学习任务完成率、强化了参与维度的学习积极性和参与性。