世界级大学的代价和好处

大学要想进入世界级的行列,是要花很大代价的。对获取世界级地位的过分强调,也许会败坏一所大学甚至是整个学术体制。各国在制定高教发展规划中,应采取一种客观而现实的策略,即集中力量建设一些跟本国或本地区的经济社会密切相关的“国家级”或“地区级”的学术机构,而不是一味地追逐“世界级”。     

大学评价体系及其排行榜透视

尽管目前国内大学评价体系还不够完善,但因其排行榜所产生的社会影响关系到一所学校的知名度和美誉度,并且具有增进社会公众对大学的了解、引导学生选择报考学校和社会投资流向、促进社会公众及高校关注高等教育质量问题、推动大学之间展开合作与竞争等方面的作用,因此高校必须重视大学评价及其排行榜,研究和利用它来为学校发展服务。     

大学战略规划在英国高等教育管理中的作用

大学战略规划在英国高等教育管理中的作用和影响体现在四个方面:(1)在政府的高等教育宏观管理中发挥信息收集与政策导向功能;(2)确立大学发展方向和优先选择发展的领域;(3)转变大学内部管理的权力分配方式,尤其凸显了大学校长的领导作用;(4)转变大学内部管理文化;(5)促进高等教育的分层管理与定位。     

UNDP and educational development: An institutional policy analysis

The role of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in shaping educational development has been considerable. For more than half a century, the scale and reach of UNDP education projects have been significant, yet have not been adequately researched. For both UNDP and its precursors, the evolution of policies for development and for educational development is traced. UNDP's project priorities in education are considered, as is the role of UNESCO as a key implementing agency for UNDP. The rationale underlying UNDP's recent abandonment of education as a designated priority sector is also examined, as are its implications.     

The nature and implications of the growing importance of research grants to Canadian universities and academics

This paper analyzes a significant but virtually unexplored recent development within Canadian higher education, namely the growing importance of research grants to universities and academics. It addresses three main questions. First, the paper examines why and how research grants are becoming more important to Canadian universities and academics, focusing in particular on the role played by federal higher education policy. Next, it explores how the growing importance of research grants is transforming relations between and among the key players in Canadian higher education and academic research, including university administrators, academics, government, and the broader community. The paper’s final section takes up some of the actual and potential implications of these changes and raises concerns about detrimental effects on Canada’s universities and citizens. Prospects and possibilities for reform are also addressed.     

现代大学与院校研究(上)--美国院校研究发展述评

现代大学与 19世纪传统学院在组织与管理上有根本的不同。 19世纪传统学院规模较小 ,以联系紧密的学者学生共同体和经验管理为基础 ;现代大学规模较大 ,以科层制和专业化管理为基本特征。院校研究是在大学由传统学院向现代大学转变过程中作为现代大学管理的参谋而出现的。可以预见 ,在中国由精英经大众走向普及高等教育的过程中 ,中国大学也会发生类似的变化 ,也会需要院校研究。     

Anticipated developments: East Africa's private universities and privatisation of public universities in the global context

Abstract

The growth and development of private universities has been one of the most dramatic features of African higher education in the last two decades. Using the three East African countries of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda as a case in point, this analysis examines the extent to which developments in the region echo international trends, as well as how they illustrate contrasts. The analysis focuses on three key themes: (a) growth and historical antecedents; (b) institutional developments in terms of continuity and innovation; and (c) internationalism. While only relatively recent phenomena, private universities in East Africa and the increasing privatisation of public universities mirror developments in other parts of the world with a longer tradition of private university developments in terms of growth and historical antecedents, continuity and innovation in institutional development, as well as in internationalism. However, there are some situations in which the East African case is exceptional.     

尼日利亚私立大学的发展和困境

在非洲各国高等教育体制变革的历程中,鼓励和促进私立大学的发展是一个共同的趋势。尼日利亚私立大学的发展,使其高等教育规模迅速扩大,也对改变尼日利亚高等教育财政体制产生了积极的影响。但由于尼日利亚没有形成与高等教育私有化相适应的体制和机制,私立大学的扩展和高等教育发展之间还没有形成良性互动,出现了一系列值得关注的现象。     

美国联邦政府建设一流大学的政策分析

二战以来美国陆续涌现出一批世界一流大学,这并非完全是大学自然发展的结果,还有美国政府,特别是联邦政府,出于美国国家利益而采取的政策扶植与介入.美国建设一流大学的时间段主要集中于1941-1971的30年间,以1960年的<西博格报告>为标志,可划分为前后两个阶段,在两个阶段中,联邦政府均发挥重要作用.联邦政府首先通过科技政策间接地扶持了一流大学的出现,继而采取专项资助的方法帮助一批大学实现跨越式发展.美国政府长期稳定的高等教育发展战略,不同阶段具体政策的运作方式及其经验教训值得我们思考和借鉴.     

Power landscapes within Chinese universities: a three-dimensional discourse analysis of university statutes

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the power landscapes within Chinese universities, against the larger backdrop of China’s attempt to build modern university governance systems for developing world-class universities. Drawing upon Fairclough’s three-dimensional conceptions of discourse and informed by Pierre Bourdieu’s key conceptual notions of field and capital, the paper provides a critical discourse analysis of statutes of 10 top Chinese universities in terms of their texts, discursive practices and social practices and thus analyses existing power relations. The statute texts construct a hierarchical field of power by wording the ‘core’ stakeholder Party Committee as the leadership, using content sequence as a measure of power ranking, and including only limited stakeholders in the joint governance mechanism. Regarding discursive practices, faculty members’ participation in the formulation and distribution of university statutes is insufficient. The social practices identify with statute texts in terms of power relationships between Party Committee members, administrators and academics.     

Talking of students: Tensions and contradictions for the manager-academic and the university in contemporary higher education

The paper examines data on references tostudents made by manager-academics in 16 UKuniversities whilst giving accounts of theircareers and practices, and reflecting onaspects of the current roles and priorities ofhigher education institutions. The issuesraised are of wider interest than the UK, sincethe contradictory pressures of teaching andresearch and learning versus seeking newsources of funding are common to highereducation in many countries. The focus andmethodology of the Economic and Social ResearchCouncil funded project on which the paper isbased are outlined, before discussing how thetheoretical interests of the project relate tothe student, the ways in which the student is asignificant aspect of current higher educationpolicies, and the contested status and identityof the student in higher education discourseand research. The changing nature of thestudent population, the relationship betweenmanager-academics' concerns with the studentand their institutional context, their majorpreoccupations in their roles, and how thesepreoccupations relate to level of seniority inmanagement are also considered. We concludethat whilst current UK higher education policyemphasises the student, responses atinstitutional and individual levels focus onorganisational, resource and time implicationsof the student body, rather than the studenthim/herself. Furthermore, it is noted thatsenior manager-academics roles tend to removetheir incumbents from contact with students. It is suggested that manager-academics needboth more contact with students and moreunderstanding of their situation andconcerns.     

跨境远程高等教育的现状及发展趋势——访无国界高等教育观察组织首席执行官邓·奥尔科特博士

[编者按]跨境高等教育在21世纪的经济全球化背景下日益发展成熟,远程形式的跨境教育则是近年来国际高等教育领域的一种新兴力量.这种高等教育新形式的出现引起了世界各国教育部门、高等院校、研究人员和学习者的普遍关注.作为跨境高等教育传统输出国,欧美等西方发达国家在跨境远程高等教育的输出服务方面也发展迅速.本期我们有幸邀请到在英国的无国界高等教育观察组织(The Observatory of Borderless Higher Education,简称OBHE)首席执行官邓·奥尔科特博士,希望通过这次专访,借助他与无国界高等教育观察组织的专业视角,了解全球跨境远程高等教育的发展现状,探究目前这一领域所存在的种种问题,以及对于未来发展趋势作出的预判和分析,以期对中国等传统教育输入大国通过新兴教育服务模式,如何在全球跨境高等教育领域向输出国转型提供参考和借鉴.奥尔科特博士现任无国界高等教育观察组织首席执行官,2006-2007年曾担任美国远程教育协会主席,并新近卸任该协会董事会主席.他还是英国认证大学委员会(CVU)执委、伦敦大学远程学习中心指导委员会成员、皇家艺术学会会员.奥尔科特博士此前曾在美国西俄勒冈大学、亚利桑那大学虚拟校园公司、美国西部州际高等教育委员会(WICHE)担任高层管理职务.他还曾在俄勒冈州立大学、密苏里-哥伦比亚大学以及西华盛顿大学担任行政和教学职务.奥尔科特博士是<美国远程教育>、英国<开放学习>、美国<继续高等教育>、<印度开放大学电子学习>以及美国的<远程学习报告>等杂志的编委会成员.他在远程教育管理、教师专业发展、组织变革以及高等教育政策等领域著述颇丰,多次获得国内外有关奖项.奥尔科特博士还是一位国际知名的演讲者,已为美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国及欧洲诸多高等院校及公司提供咨询服务,分别于1993和2005年在哈佛大学终身学习管理学院和美国大学继续教育协会纽约大学领袖学院进修.奥尔科特博士在西华盛顿大学获得学士和硕士学位,并在俄勒冈州立大学获得高等教育领导专业博士学位.     

新时期高校国有资产监管体系构建初探

为了管理好、使用好高校国有资产,使其在学校各项事业的发展中发挥最大效益与作用,必须加强国有资产的监督和管理。国有资产的监督管理工作是目前高校国有资产管理工作中一个十分突出的问题,构建新时期高校国有资产监督管理体系必须要从健全体制、机制,完善制度,加强审计监督等诸多方面考虑。探求构建新时期高校国有资产监管体系的思路和途径是我们国有资产管理者义不容辞的责任和义务。     

高校形势与政策教育的有效方式与途径

形势与政策教育是高校学生思想政治教育的重要内容和途径,在大学生思想政治教育中担负着重要使命。通过梳理形势与政策课“四强四高”特点。探索形势与政策教育的有效方式与途径,提出“四个一”的建议。     

Education as a global public good: the applicability and implications of a framework

This paper addresses a growing literature on global public goods theory, in particular the use of this framework to promote the equitable provision of goods and social services, such as basic education, on an international scale. Due to a lack of research into this theory’s applicability to education, the author aims to discern how such a framework might be applied, and its possible policy implications, focusing on universal access initiatives and the debate on private provision of schooling. The paper further questions the appropriateness of using global public goods theory given certain critiques.     

公共政策视野下影响高等教育政策制定的基本因素

基于公共政策视角,在主要考虑国家、高等教育机构和公众三个变量的同时,参考社会、经济和技术三个主要的基本因素发现:由于多元化办学格局中高等教育政策更倾向于教育的经济功能或教育的社会、文化功能,而非基于教育本身的功能,严重影响高等教育政策的质量与执行。为了保证高校正确的办学方向和公益性,尊重人的价值、确保学术至高无上的地位、遵循高等教育自身的逻辑应该是我国高等教育发展和国家公共政策的核心,尤其是高等教育政策制定的基础。     

A Theory of Motivation and Ontological Enhancement: The role of disability policy in student empowerment and institutional change

As debate continues around the nature and values of education, it is important to ask the question of what factors motivate a student to engage with the ends of an educational institution. In this paper, a broad, holistic view of learner motivation, derived from Aristotelian ethics, is used to provide a model to drive institutional change.
Focussing on the approach of one Higher Education institution to the particular accommodations required for students with disabilities, the paper identifies three factors which motivate students, a failure to engage with the aims and ends of the educational project, a failure to see that a particular learning aim is worth attaining, and a simple lack of will-power to attain it. To each of these failures a social cause is identified, and a change in both the institutional culture and the individual learner's approach to their education is suggested.     

A Theory of Motivation and Ontological Enhancement: The role of disability policy in student empowerment and institutional change

As debate continues around the nature and values of education, it is important to ask the question of what factors motivate a student to engage with the ends of an educational institution. In this paper, a broad, holistic view of learner motivation, derived from Aristotelian ethics, is used to provide a model to drive institutional change.

Focussing on the approach of one Higher Education institution to the particular accommodations required for students with disabilities, the paper identifies three factors which motivate students, a failure to engage with the aims and ends of the educational project, a failure to see that a particular learning aim is worth attaining, and a simple lack of will‐power to attain it. To each of these failures a social cause is identified, and a change in both the institutional culture and the individual learner's approach to their education is suggested.     

研究型大学建设:拉美与亚洲国家高等教育政策取向

通过高等教育全面提高国家的综合国力和国际竞争力是目前许多发达国家和经济发展速度较快的发展中国家的既定国策。因此最近十几年来,建设研究型大学的热潮在世界范围内兴起。亚洲和拉美的许多国家也纷纷对本国的高等教育进行反思和改革,试图在新一轮的国际秩序整合中打破美国研究型大学在知识创新的主导地位。本文试图对韩国、日本、印度、阿根廷、巴西和墨西哥等国的研究型大学建设状况和改革思路进行分析,发现他们在建设研究型大学过程中遇到的问题,通过对比,发现他们在研究型大学建设中采取的策略与措施。     

变革中国高等教育“生产关系”:理性思考与战略选择

当前变革中国高等教育“生产关系”的目的,在于改变高等教育所有权代理者的管理方式,以及经营者开展经营活动所根据的结构和机制。变革的模式,应该是适度强制下的诱致性制度变迁。在宏观上,可以考虑实行“抓大放小,分层管理,政策调控”政策。在微观治理中,政府应坚持“五管”原则———管方向、管政策、管指导、管协调、管服务。对教师应实行“分期聘任制”。绩效评价必须考虑高等教育组织绩效周期长、无形态、难量化的特点。实行有差别的薪酬福利制度。