Teacher Preparedness in the use of Co‐teaching in Inclusive Classrooms

Co‐teaching is a widely used instructional approach to meet the needs of all students in inclusive classrooms across the globe. Despite the widespread implementation of the practice, little is known about how teachers are prepared to use it. This study examined the extent to which 77 teachers were prepared to use co‐teaching. Results indicated that a majority of the teachers are underprepared in its use. Recommendations and implications are discussed.     

Experiential Learning through Community Co‐design in Interior Design Pedagogy

The profit‐driven tendency of interior design trends and styles today has developed in line with the decrease of social awareness in design. The majority of interior design students also decide to pursue interior design education for its marketable and profitable purposes rather than seeing interior design as a field of opportunity to contribute to the social welfare of their communities. Hence, the objective of this research is to implement community service through co‐design in interior design pedagogy. The article describes the learning and design methods used based on human‐centred design approaches of co‐design and analyses the resulting benefits from this approach. Findings reveal that the process of collective creativity and collaborative development with the community enables a direct experience of learning and fosters a deeper connection and understanding of users. They also promote novel multidisciplinary design innovations, accommodate the community's potentials in the society and stimulate a reflexive impact, allowing students to reflect on their future role as interior designers in bringing positive changes to their community against the profit‐driven tendency of contemporary designers today.     

Co‐teaching in a mainstream post‐primary mathematics classroom: an evaluation of models of co‐teaching from the perspective of the teachers

This article examines the use of a range of co‐teaching models when teaching mathematics. The approaches suggested have potential for all students, but in this instance their importance as a pedagogical approach with students with special educational needs (SEN) in inclusive classrooms is considered. The study was based in the first‐year mathematics classroom of an Irish, urban, mainstream, post‐primary, girls’ school. This article highlights the findings from the teacher's perspective and presents their reflections on a range of co‐teaching approaches. The potential and challenges of these are considered in the context of schools generally.     

Creating Spaces for Collaboration in Community Co‐design

Urgent societal challenges have led to unease in our socio‐cultural interactions and the production systems that underpin our lives. To confront such challenges, collaboration stands out as an essential approach in accomplishing joint goals and producing new knowledge. It calls for interdisciplinary methodologies such as co‐design, an approach capable of bridging multiple expertise. The core activities of co‐design are based on the premise of collaboration and on developing creative social environments. Yet achieving collaboration through co‐design is challenging as people need to understand each other, and develop trust and rapport. We argue that ‘informal‐mutual learning’ is central to building mutual understanding. This article explores how we create spaces for collaboration through co‐design by examining the social environments supporting them. It examines the value of collaboration and its impact upon participants within an action research project conducted in Scotland. We identified Cultural‐Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) as a suitable theoretical framework. It offers support for holistic inquiry into participation and learning. Its strength was in the attention that it pays to multi‐dimensional human interactions within the social environment. This led to an understanding of the concepts of boundary‐crossing and boundary space examined through a CHAT lens. The findings shed light on four designerly conditions supporting informal‐mutual learning when engaged in collaboration during co‐design situations: choreography and orchestration, aesthetics, playfulness, and quality and quantity of participation. The findings enable us to elaborate on the theorisation of boundary space, a theoretical space for the assemblage of multiple levels of expertise to achieve collaboration.     

Productive Uncertainty: The Pedagogical Benefits of Co‐Creating Research in the Design Studio

Balancing the competing demands of research and teaching has long been lamented by academics. The challenges associated with Covid‐19 will make this increasingly difficult. An integrated approach to research and teaching, where students are directly engaged in the production of research, may provide a useful strategy to support ongoing research within the design disciplines whilst befitting student learning. The production of original research requires a willingness to engage in – and manage –uncertainty. Contemporary higher education acknowledges that global challenges are increasing in complexity and, thus, students require opportunities to learn to productively manage this complexity. Utilising teacher observations and student feedback, this article reflects critically on a studio model, iteratively refined over two semesters, with the deliberate intent of exacerbating the complexity already present within studio pedagogy for the production of new knowledge. It outlines a set of strategies for making manageable this uncertainty for students to ensure it is beneficial for their learning. It also identifies a number of challenges educators can face when assuming a duel role as teacher and research partner; and provides advice for negotiating these challenges.     

Teachers Conceptualizing Student Achievement

Although teachers vary widely in their perceptions of education, student achievement, and methods of assessment, more than psychometricians and other people they concentrate on student performance of tasks. To the teacher, grades are an indication of successful acquisition of particular knowledge and an increase in skill. Achievement is not thought of so much as enhancing a trait or increasing an ability, but as successfully completing the task. They visualize the experience, more so than the competence. When emphasis is given to standardizing curricula and testing, even though goals and standards can be expressed as task performance, the technology of testing and school reform devises indicators of success in terms of human ability. Ability is generalized; task performance is particularized, contextualized. When the success of teaching or schooling is interpreted in terms of test scores, the teacher is pressed to reconceptualize teaching and, directly or indirectly, to teach for the test.     

提高中职教师在职攻读硕士学位质量的思考

中等职业学校教师在职攻读硕士学位的工作从2000年开展以来,在取得成绩的同时,也存在着一些问题:生源差异给教学工作带来难度,论文指导工作不尽如人意和工学矛盾影响教学工作,并针对这些问题提出了相应的解决办法。     

New Research of English Teaching in Secondary Vocational School-Based on Postmethod Pedagogy

Postmethod pedagogy of B. Kumaravadivelu can bring a new hope for English teaching of secondary vocational schools. This new research has gained some inspiration for English teaching from the perspective of teachers, students, teacher educators and so on based on postmethod pedagogy.     

中职教师课堂教学诊断与改进的实践思考

MIAO Xiaoyan(Yangzhou Tourism Business School of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002)     

The Shared Agency of Photography in Gallery Education: Open Eye Gallery Discusses Its Rethinking of Gallery Education,through the Role of Photography as a Tool for Co‐Authorship and Co‐Production

This article describes a current project by Liverpool organisations Open Eye Gallery (Liverpool), Whitby High School (Ellesmere Port), recent partners Liverpool Hope University and Curious Minds. The school is in an area of high socio‐economic deprivation and low level of cultural engagement. The project seeks to support students’ photographic and digital skills, using co‐authored approaches to learning to raise young people’s overall aspiration levels. This article addresses conflicts / ethics of photography, social media and the digital in creative education today but ultimately seeks to champion photography as a tool for increased visual literacy when co‐authored between both school and cultural organisation.     

Teachers and Computers for Secondary Mathematics

In the first stage of a three-year study in which the effects of using computers for the teaching and learning of mathematics are being explored, a questionnaire was developed and administered to teachers of students in grades 7–10 in a representative sample of co-educational post-primary schools in Victoria, Australia. Using open and closed response formats, the information sought included data on the teachers' professional backgrounds, computer ownership and use, and their beliefs and practices in using computers for the teaching of mathematics. In this article, findings related to ownership, professional development, perceptions of technological skills, beliefs about the efficacy of computer use in mathematics, and data on how teachers are using computers for teaching secondary mathematics are presented and discussed.     

Secondary Teachers can Teach Reading

This article presents guiding principles governing the design, implementation, and management of a point system to promote discipline and academic rigor in a secondary classroom. Four considerations are discussed: (1) assigning appropriate point values to integral classroom behaviors and tasks; (2) determining the relationship among consequences, rewards, and corresponding point attainment thresholds for the purpose of reinforcing ideal behavior; (3) stressing equity and minimizing distractions during implementation; and (4) creating a recordkeeping system to ensure the efficient management of the point system. Equipped with this customizable framework, readers can then create a point system tailored to a multitude of classroom needs.     

中小学教师教学效能感的特点及提升策略

通过对沧州市中小学教师的调查研究发现：当前中小学教师的教学效能感属中等水平,个人教学效能感高于一般教学效能感;教学效能感在教龄、职称、学历、是否班主任、学校类型及学校层次等方面存在显著差异,而在性别方面不存在显著差异。教学效能感对教师的教学效果具有重要的影响,加强教师培训、建立有效的激励机制、开展校本教研、建立良好的人际关系、对新课程实施中的成败进行积极归因,是新课程改革中提高教师教学效能感的主要途径。     

Co‐Design Education Based on the Changing Designer's Role and Changing Creativity

The field of fashion design relies on the originality of fashion designers and information on design trends, and design education also focuses on the creative ideas of designers; in this field, design through co‐design is a very limited area. However, with the proliferation of participatory culture, the need to diversify fashion design education methods has also emerged. The purpose of this study is to present an educational framework and an instructional strategy for co‐design based on the changing role of the designer and to obtain educational insight through the implementation of an actual education prototype. To do this, we developed an educational prototype and implemented it with six undergraduate students. Through this study, the participants engaged in the process of design development with the consumer and analysed the instructional insight. As a result, this study redefines the roles and design methods of designers for co‐design and identifies creativity characteristics through the co‐design process. The results of this study can be used as basic data for co‐design education and can contribute to the expansion of fashion design educational methods.     

中小学教师教学自主性特点的实证研究

选取1222名中小学教师进行问卷调查,探讨其教学自主性的特点。研究发现：（1）教学自主性的教龄和学校类型主效应非常显著,两者之间有非常显著的交互作用。中学与小学教师教学自主性的显著差异主要体现在目的性、自发性和责任性三个维度上,小学教师显著高于中学教师。教师教学自主性各维度上均有显著教龄差异,教龄6—10年小学教师的教学自主性处于低谷期;（2）教学自主性的性别和学历主效应非常显著,两者之间交互作用非常显著。教学自主性各维度均表现为女教师显著高于男教师,本科教师显著高于专科教师;（3）小学教师教学自主性的职称主效应非常显著,而中学教师职称没有显著主效应。     

Teachers’ Beliefs That Matter in Secondary Mathematics Classrooms

This paper reports the findings of a study that sought to identify particular centrally held beliefs of secondary mathematics teachers that underpinned the establishment of classroom environments that were consistent with the principles of constructivism. The nine crucial beliefs identified were held by one or other of two teachers and emerged from teacher and student surveys, interviews with the teachers and classroom observations. As is the case with all beliefs, these beliefs were contextually bound but since the contexts in which they applied were broader than particular classrooms it is argued that they may be generalisable to other contexts and even predictive of teachers likely to create similar classroom environments.     

中职教师在职攻读硕士学位工作的回顾与思考

近年来,中职教师在职攻读硕士学位培养工作在取得成绩的同时,也面临一系列的问题与挑战.针对问题,应有组织地开展专题研究,提高各项工作的预见性;优化培养方案,深化课程改革;建立激励与约束机制相结合的质量保证体系;扩大国际交流与合作;创新培养制度,变"先选后培"为"先培后选"等.     

Teaching for Open‐Mindedness: A Justice‐Oriented Approach

This article explores the pedagogical virtue of open‐mindedness in practice and its relationship to epistemic justice through analysis of a fictional, narrative case. The case focuses on a young white woman who attempts to implement a pedagogy of open‐mindedness as she teaches a unit on the civil rights movement. After presenting the case scenario, Tadashi Dozono and Rebecca Taylor examine three tensions that arise for teachers as they seek to enact a pedagogy of open‐mindedness. First, what form of open‐mindedness should guide them? Second, how should they respond to limits in their own knowledge and understanding? And finally, how should teachers exercise authority within a pedagogy of open‐mindedness? Their analysis confronts the tension between the teacher's own open‐mindedness, on the one hand, and the teacher's subject position, on the other. Through this exploration of open‐mindedness, Dozono and Taylor argue that, in practice, teachers must counteract legacies of epistemic injustice as a necessary part of cultivating their own and their students' access to open‐mindedness.     

对中小学教师继续教育的思考

中小学教师继续教育工程已全面启动,但其体系尚不完善,效果并不明显。中小学教师继续教育要创新教育理念,统筹规划,完善各项教育制度,改革课程设置,重视校本培训,加强国际间的交流与合作。