论理工科硕士生协助导师的可持续发展——兼论大学青年教师的学术发展

硕士生协助导师一般是指工作不久、具有博士学位且无高级职称的青年教师,他们协助正式硕士生导师指导研究生。作为协助导师的青年教师虽然对研究生的培养具有多方面的积极促进作用,但其自身发展同样存在不少问题：“协助导师”身份使青年教师在硕士生导师的领导和支配下难以独立发展、“小导师”身份使青年教师难以得到研究生的足够认同和尊重、“非正式导师”身份使青年教师难以得到学校层面的政策支持和制度保障。因此,我们需要对这些现实问题高度重视并予以解决,积极采取各种有效策略来促进青年教师的可持续发展。     

导师个人魅力对高校青年教师培养的影响

论文从青年教师导师的人格魅力、职业魅力和情感魅力三个方面,阐述了导师对青年教师潜移默化的影响。导师具备较高个人魅力,将更有利于青年教师的成才成长,促使他们较早地站稳讲台,与学生进行良好的交流,顺利地开展科研工作。     

工科院校青年教师担任本科生导师的实践与思考

本文探讨了工科院校青年教师从事本科生导师工作的实践经验。首先分析了青年教师担任本科生导师的优势,进而论述了青年教师担任本科生导师的工作经验及面临的问题。     

基础医学院青年教师“传帮带”培养模式的优化研究

我院在总结前期工作经验、广泛征求了青年教师的意见和建议的基础上,对青年教师"传帮带"培养模式进行了优化并形成了制度。本文就我院实施优化后的"传帮带"导师工程在阶段培养、双导师制、青年教师和导师职责、量化考核和报酬等方面进行介绍,力求探索高校青年教师的培养方法。     

高校青年教师专业发展途径探析

针对当前高校青年教师专业发展在岗前培训、青年导师制、继续教育、教学反思等方面存在的问题,对高校青年教师专业发展途径进行探讨。     

科研导师在高职院校青年教师科研能力培养中的作用研究

在阐述高职院校科研导师的概念、科研导师的应具备的资格、选聘及职责的基础上,分析了常见的三种科研导师指导模式,剖析了当前高职院校青年教师的科研能力,进而提出科研导师在高职院校在培养青年教师科研能力方面的若干作用。     

青年教师参与学生工作的途径探讨

针对交通学院青年教师比例较高的特点,从强化班主任(导师)管理、引导本科生参与科研项目、指导本科生参加科技创新活动三方面,探讨了充分发挥青年教师作用,搞好交通学院学生工作的一些做法、存在问题和解决建议。     

中学青年教师专业化发展现状与对策研究

为全面了解中学青年教师专业化发展的现状与基本情况,探究青年教师专业化发展的途径,促进青年教师的成长,对某省级示范高中的青年教师专业发展情况进行了调查。通过统计与分析,发现了青年教师专业化发展中存在的一些问题,并针对这些问题提出了有效推进青年教师专业发展的对策和建议。     

农村青年教师专业发展中存在的问题及对策

在我国,农村青年教师的专业发展出现了一些不容忽视的问题。这些问题势必影响学校教育的质量和青少年的健康成长。因此,分析农村青年教师专业发展中存在的问题,并找出解决这些问题的对策,是有效提高中小学教育质量的关键所在。     

青年教师“一新四师”培养模式的实践与研究

针对职业院校青年教师队伍实际情况,"一新四师"青年教师培养计划创新了青年教师培养模式。为每一名新教师配备思想导师、专业导师、企业导师和班主任导师等四位导师,分别培养其人生观、教育教学、班级管理、专业技能等职业精神与职业能力。通过创新与实践,推进了现代职业教育高素质专业化师资队伍建设。     

Help requests in tutoring at 30 months: Adaptation to the social situation

This study lies at the crossroads between the study of tutoring interactions and the study of communicative skills in young children. Our goal was to show that in a tutor-novice problem solving situation, the frequency and the nature of the novice’s requests vary with the type of tutor. Three groups of twelve 30 months-old children (novices) were observed in interaction with a child tutor, their mother, and a female experimenter as they performed two assembly tasks. We examined the frequency, form, and content of the children’s requests for help, and their connection with some of the tutor’s actions. The main results showed that the children made more requests of adult tutors, and that direct forms were more frequent with the mother than with a child tutor. The results also indicated that these differences were not due to request-inducing or inhibiting actions on the part of the tutor. It is concluded that young novices are capable of adapting their help requests to the characteristics of their tutors.     

What do distance language tutors say about teacher motivation?

Research into motivation in education mainly centres on students’ learning motivation. This article reports on an interview study of teacher motivation with the aim of investigating the effects of student-related factors and tutors’ personal factors on the motivation of language tutors in the distance learning context. Findings from the study indicate that external sources of influence include students’ engagement in learning English, motivation to learn English, progress made, foundation in English and appreciation of tutors’ teaching, while tutors’ internal factors are their self-efficacy in teaching, reflection and self-initiated professional development, interest in the profession of teaching English as well as their sense of achievement. Analysis of the data also suggests that more concrete measures are needed to counteract the demotivating effects from these two dimensions. Implications and suggestions are discussed with regard to enhancing tutor motivation more effectively.     

A typology of approaches to peer tutoring. Unraveling peer tutors’ behavioural strategies

Peer tutors’ behaviour has been stated to have the power to create and increase learning opportunities within peer tutoring programs. However, previous studies have shown that peer tutors struggle to adopt facilitative and constructivist-oriented strategies, as they lean more towards directive and knowledge-telling strategies. This study aims to explore a typology of approaches to peer tutoring by unraveling peer tutors’ behavioural strategies and related approaches. Furthermore, it aims to grasp peer tutors’ behavioural repertoire in-depth by shedding light on the concerns and challenges they experience while tutoring. Results showed that peer tutors used a variety of strategies but were mainly inclined to adopt answering and directive actions. Their questioning behaviour remained relatively low level in terms of quality. Moreover, three types of peer tutors could be discerned, i.e. questioners, informers and motivational organisers. Finally, although all peer tutors reported diverse organisational, social and didactical concerns and challenges, results showed that different types of tutors struggled with different approach-specific issues and experienced tutoring in a slightly different manner. Taking these issues into account seems crucial for peer tutoring to reach its potential. Implications for peer tutoring programs and training of peer tutors are discussed.     

Perceptions of tutoring roles and psychological distance among instructors,tutors and students at a Korean university

This study explores issues related to the tutor’s role when initiating tutoring as an institutional strategy at a conventional university. Based on a pilot tutoring program implemented in four college courses, we investigated the perceptions of instructors, tutors and students regarding the role of tutoring and whether it affected the psychological distance between the different types of participants. The results indicated that instructors’ perceptions of the tutor’s primary role and the psychological distance from the students and the tutors differed from the perceptions of the tutors and the students, perhaps because the instructors perceived tutors as a source of instructor support rather than student support. Implications and suggestions are discussed.     

Tutors seen through the eyes of mentors assumptions for participation in third space in teacher education

The aim of this Norwegian study is to get a deeper understanding of the assumptions for building third spaces in teacher education. Learning in different contexts may open for development of new knowledge in the third space through intersubjectivity based on confidence, respectful disagreement and a common aim. This is the backdrop for the current study where a group of mentors with and without mentor education are interviewed focusing on tutors’ competences and responsibilities. Findings show that mentors have an unclear understanding of who the tutors are. Experiences from teaching are essential for mentors’ understanding of tutors as respectful collaborators. Educated mentors value theoretical knowledge and research higher than non-educated. The conclusion is that tutors and mentors should have knowledge about and respect for each-others’ competence and responsibilities and that mentor education is a promising assumption for building third spaces and developing a pedagogy for teacher education.     

Pastoral Care for Senior Students: An Analysis of a Voluntary Staff Counselling Scheme in a Sixth-form College

This article is written for new and experienced tutors to review the ways in which they are supporting their students’ learning. It considers the purposes of tutoring, drawing on the voices of students themselves. The article then considers the ways in which the tutor can support the learning of young people, including academic tutoring. It concludes with some guidance for the tutor to develop their own learning about tutoring.     

亲产业型本科生导师制及其应用探索

针对我国现有本科生导师制经验难以在各院校间形成示范模式的问题,考虑到以青年教师为主的导师群体在指导工作中的自我提高需求,从高等教育服务产业的目标出发,提出亲产业型本科生导师制概念,并对其应用模式进行试验探索。试验结果表明:亲产业型本科生导师制对于本科生学习能力、成绩、产业认知、职业信心和学涯规划等方面都具有显著的促进作用,同时有利于青年教师在指导本科生的同时获得锻炼和成长,是一种师生双方都能获益的人才培养制度。     

Self-monitoring and knowledge-building in learning by teaching

Prior research has established that learning by teaching depends upon peer tutors’ engagement in knowledge-building, in which tutors integrate their knowledge and generate new knowledge through reasoning. However, many tutors adopt a knowledge-telling bias defined by shallow summarizing of source materials and didactic lectures. Knowledge-telling contributes little to learning with deeper understanding. In this paper, we consider the self-monitoring hypothesis, which states that the knowledge-telling bias may arise due to tutors’ limited or inadequate evaluation of their own knowledge and understanding of the material. Tutors who fail to self-monitor may remain unaware of knowledge gaps or other confusions that could be repaired via knowledge-building. To test this hypothesis, sixty undergraduates were recruited to study and then teach a peer about a scientific topic. Data included tests of recall and comprehension, as well as extensive analyses of the explanations, questions, and self-monitoring that occurred during tutoring. Results show that tutors’ comprehension-monitoring and domain knowledge, along with pupils’ questions, were significant predictors of knowledge-building, which was in turn predictive of deeper understanding of the material. Moreover, tutorial interactions and questions appeared to naturally promote tutors’ self-monitoring. However, despite frequent comprehension-monitoring, many tutors still displayed a strong knowledge-telling bias. Thus, peer tutors appeared to experience more difficulty with self-regulatory aspects of knowledge-building (i.e., responding appropriately to perceived knowledge gaps and confusions) than with self-monitoring. Implications and alternative hypotheses for future research are discussed.     

I don’t need peer support: effective tutoring in blended learning environments for part-time,adult learners

ABSTRACT

Given the rise of social media engagement within society, there are challenges for tutors in blended and online contexts to provide opportunities for social constructivist learning experiences within their institutional learning environments. This article proposes a module approach to teaching, learning and assessment for learners undertaking part-time, vocationally related degrees. A mixed methods approach was adopted to conduct a detailed exploration of eight tutors’ practice with data gathered from three principal sources. Interviews with tutors explored their approaches to delivery and considered factors that impacted on quality; students’ perceptions of their learning experiences were assessed using an attitude survey; and an analysis of the content and communications in the virtual learning environment provided insight into tutors’ online practice. Analysis of modules suggested limited online peer-to-peer interaction, with tutors noting the difficulties of promoting engagement. The article argues for a constructivist approach in this context with a need for tutors to promote a simple module structure, focused around assessment, that creates space for learning. This structure appeared appropriate for these learners, enabling them to manage the influence of daily events, together with pressures and time constraints of work. The findings could aid tutors in designing and delivering courses for similar groups of learners.     

Student and tutor perceptions of effective tutoring in distance education

Questionnaire responses of 457 students and 602 tutors were used to investigate conceptions of a ‘good tutor.’ In each case, factor analysis identified scales that reflected key constructs; cluster analysis identified subgroups with different patterns of scale scores; and discriminant analysis determined the scales that contributed the most to differences among the clusters. Both sets of data yielded conceptions of tutoring that were described as task‐oriented and student‐oriented, respectively. The students’ data yielded an additional, career‐oriented conception. The tutors’ data yielded two additional conceptions that were described as knowledge‐oriented and impersonal, respectively. The distribution of the tutors’ conceptions (but not that of the students’ conceptions) varied across different faculties, suggesting that tutors from different disciplines have different beliefs about effective tutoring. The study suggests that both tutors and students would benefit from having a better appreciation of the importance of support in facilitating learning.