探索激发大学生的英语学习兴趣

论述了大学英语教学中激发学生学习兴趣的意义和手段。动机是学生自主学习的原动力,要激发学习动机,必须首先培养学生的学习兴趣;在课堂教学、创设情境、教学评价、师生关系、课外活动及选修课方面具体探索了培养大学生英语学习兴趣的方法。     

浅谈英语教学评价激励方法

美国教育家布罗菲（1998）称学习动机为：发现学习活动有意义并值得,尽力从中取得预期学习利益的趋势。他将学习动机区别于内在动机,拥有内在动机的学生进行学习活动是因为他们深感愉悦。教师需要考虑培养和保持学生学习动机的方法,可以利用学生的内在兴趣使学习活动变得有趣。在日常教学实践过程中思考并尝试通过多种评价及激励的方式,激发学生的学习动机,使学生产生学习兴趣。经过多年的实践,我们从实际教学的角度的出发,提出了与日常教学相关并切实可行的一些方法,发现这些方法确实较为有效地达成了预期的目的,学生们在学习态度、策略上都有一定的改变,学习兴趣明显提高。’     

调动学生语文学习主动性的策略

<正>在教学中,学生的学习动机和学习兴趣都是很重要的心理因素,只有具有正确学习动机和浓厚学习兴趣的学生,才会有学习的主动性和积极性。而调动学生学习的主动性和积极性的关键,就在于教师的主导作用。一、以情感打动学生语文教学要让学生受到情感     

小学语文课堂教学中如何对学生进行激励性评价

新课程要求教师在教学中面向全体学生,突出学生的学习主体地位,倡导对学生进行发展性评价,以激发学生的积极性和提高自信心,“激励性评价”就体现了这一要求。所谓激励性评价是指在教学过中,教师通过语言、情感和恰当的教学方式,不失时机地从不同角度给不同层次的学生以充分的肯定、鼓励和赞扬,使学生在心理上获得自新、自信和成功的体验,激发学生学习动机,诱发其学习兴趣,进而使学生积极主动学习的一种策略。     

浅谈CAI在中学物理教学中调动学生非智力因素的应用

在物理教学中,利用计算机辅助教学（CAI）手段来调动学生的非智力因素,激发学生的学习动机,提高学生的学习兴趣,坚定学生学习意志,以提高学生的学习效率。     

物理教学中要重视激励教育

随着新课程标准的全面推行,激励教育的重要性在新课改教学过程中越来越显著。激励教育是指在物理教学过程中,教师通过语言、情感等方式,从不同角度给不同层次的学生鼓励和赞扬,使学生从心理上获得自信与成功,激发学习动机,培养学习兴趣的一种策略。     

浅谈心理学效应在生理学教学中的应用

笔者在生理学教学中,应用心理学的方法激发学生的学习兴趣和学习动机。应用“首因效应”拉近师生距离,运用“情感效应”激发学习兴趣,应用“反馈信息”强化学习动机,运用“碰撞效应”深化过程理解,提高学生的学习效率和教师的教学质量。     

基于项目的大学英语教学--以四川大学锦城学院为例

本文在项目驱动原则的指导下,以四川大学锦城学院的大学英语教学为例,通过项目学习在大学英语课堂教学中应用,探索了基于项目的教学对激发学习动机,促进学生自主学习能力及合作学习,提高大学英语课堂教学效率的意义。     

激发高职学生学习动机 提高数学学习效率研究——开展有效教学 激发学习动机

高职院校中,普遍存在着数学学习动机缺失的现象。因此激发学生的学习动机,培养学生学习兴趣,提高效率是值得教师思考的问题,笔者仅在开展有效教学方面,提出几点措施进行研究,旨在通过改善教学,激发学生学习动机,提高学习效率。     

浅谈如何提高学生对《电工学》的学习兴趣

电工学由于其知识的抽象性和专业性较强,学生在学习的过程中普遍反应听不懂,难理解,学不会,失去了学习兴趣,老师在教学的过程要运用科学的方法和策略,激发、调动起学生的学习动机,培养学生的学习兴趣.     

Unintended consequences of outcome based compensation – How CEO bonuses,stocks and stock options affect their firms' patent litigation

Enforcing a firm's patents is crucial for defending its competitive advantage. CEOs are central for making these strategic decisions but we know little about how their individual incentives shape their decision-making. We integrate theory from outcome-based CEO compensation designs into models explaining firms' decisions to become plaintiffs in patent litigation. Based on how compensation shapes time horizons and risk-taking of CEOs, we predict that CEO compensation tied to stock increases the firm's likelihood to enforce patents, while bonuses and stock options reduce it. Further, we reason that the tenacity of patent disputes in an industry creates a boundary condition for the effects of CEO compensation because they curtail the degree of agency that CEOs have for incorporating their personal incentives when making litigation decisions for the firm. We test these hypotheses for 2302 US firms with 4420 different CEOs and 3451 patent litigation cases between 1997 and 2015 and find support for all hypotheses with the exception of the boundary condition for stocks as CEO compensation. These findings advance existing theory on firms' decision-making on patent litigation by explicating how firm and CEO incentives can diverge with direct consequences for the likelihood of litigation to occur.     

Entrepreneurial and ethical adoption behaviour of cloud computing

In light of continuing use and media attention placed on cloud computing, the study of ethical behaviour in technology innovations remains an important area of research, which helps to understand the antecedents of a person's intention to adopt cloud computing based on their ethical orientation. The present study examines how ethics influences a person's decision to adopt cloud computing, and how in turn ethical behaviours affect technology innovations. Based on social cognitive theory, this paper proposes that a higher ethical and entrepreneurial orientation will lead to a person adopting cloud computing. Moreover, the marketing, learning and outcome expectancy a person has about cloud computing will positively affect their intention to adopt this technology. The predictions are tested through a survey, which indicates that ethics and marketing are important determinants of a person's behavioural intention towards technology innovations.     

Intellectual property rights,non-market considerations and foreign R&D investments

Prior research has focused on how firms use a variety of organizational mechanisms to protect their R&D investments from misappropriation risks in foreign countries. Little is known, however, about how firms can rely on non-market factors to induce preferential treatment by host government authorities, thereby protecting their intellectual property overseas. In this paper, we investigate two such non-market factors, one at the country level, the other at the firm level, that are likely to influence the choice of where firms locate their innovation activities: host country inclination towards the firm's home country and the firm's political capabilities, respectively. We thus examine how IPR policies and non-market factors interact in protecting firm innovation from misappropriation and in making countries more attractive for innovation-related activities. We find support for our predictions in a sample of 1,341 foreign R&D investments made by 163 firms from 14 home countries over the period 2003–2016.     

Passing the torch of knowledge: Star death,collaborative ties,and knowledge creation

Stars hold a large portion of organizational knowledge, and their sudden absence may have non-trivial consequences for firms. In this study, I investigate what happens to the knowledge of star inventors following their absence. In particular, I consider the composition of stars' ties with coinventors and examine how it affects the future use of stars' knowledge (i.e., patents). Using the death of star inventors as an exogenous cause for their absence in firms, I find that the use of a star's patents in a firm's subsequent inventive efforts declines following the star's death. The results also indicate that when star inventors frequently collaborate with coinventors, the negative effect of stars' absence on the future use of their knowledge is somewhat alleviated. Further, the presence of central inventors in stars' collaboration networks increases the relative use of stars' knowledge in future inventions. The findings inform managers about conditions that favor “passing the torch” of knowledge from stars to their peers.     

Iterative exploration,design and evaluation of support for query reformulation in interactive information retrieval

We report on the progressive investigation of techniques for supporting interactive query reformulation in the TREC Interactive Track. Two major issues were explored over four successive years: methods of term suggestion; and, interface design to support different system functionalities. Each year's results led to the following year's investigation, with respect to both of these issues. This paper presents first the general motivation for the entire series of studies; then an overview of each year's investigation, its results, and how they influenced the next year's investigation. We discuss what has been learned through this series of investigations about effective term suggestion, usable and useful interface design, and the relationships between these two in support of the TREC Interactive Track task. We conclude with comments about the general methodology employed over this series of studies, and its relevance to the development and evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems.     

Communication of post-release plans in crowdfunding development initiatives: A signaling perspective

Significant research explores how developers leverage crowdfunding to attract finance for releasing digital goods. However, researchers seldom study “post-release activities” that are crucial for maintaining and advancing those goods. This article elaborates on the challenging nature of post-release activities for crowdfunding initiatives, asking how developers communicate their post-release plans to effectively prepare backers for possible changes. Using a grounded approach that connects the longitudinal history of fundraising to development to post-release, I examine initiatives that achieved impressive fundraising and development results yet varied significantly in their post-release outcomes. While they consistently signaled post-release plans, the differences are the signals’ costs, backers' reactions, and the post-release activities and outcomes. I present theoretical propositions that (1) developers benefit in the long run by combining high-cost signaling with engaging backers in follow-up conversations about post-release issues and (2) prospective backers can utilize developers' communication to identify their post-release signals. Unlike dominant research findings about signals’ impacts on mobilizing resources during fundraising, the findings emphasize signals’ post-release consequences for stakeholders. While different signaling approaches can enhance short-term performance, they also seed contrasting longer-term outcomes for developers, backers, and the industry. These findings advance knowledge on effective strategies for engaging society to build sustainable digital goods.     

Digital transformation and European small and medium enterprises (SMEs): A comparative study using digital economy and society index data

Digital transformation is profoundly transforming SMEs' business activities, bringing about comparative advantages and associated risks. Previous studies on digital transformation and SMEs focus on technology adoption, innovation, new value creation, and dynamic capabilities. However, it is unclear how digital technology affects SMEs' specific business activities. We study SMEs' customer access, increasing competition, external funding or access to finance, rising input costs, skilled labor shortages, exogenous shocks, global crises, and regulatory issues. This study aims to fill the literature gap by exploring the impact of digital technology, using digital economy and society index (DESI) as proxies for the SME issues. We use DESI and SME data from a survey on European enterprises’ access to finance. We find that digital transformation strengthens SMEs' ability and flexibility to address main business issues. Furthermore, findings reveal that digitally transformed SMEs have fewer concerns about access to new and traditional customers, competition changes, access to finance, increasing input costs, external shocks, and regulatory changes. However, digital transformation also brings risks, such as the shortage of skilled labor and experienced managers and loss of inherent competitiveness. The novelty of our work lies in supplying quantitative knowledge on the link between digital transformation and European SMEs' critical business concerns. These findings substantially increase our understanding of the impact of digital change on European SMEs' business activities.     

探讨发现法在高中历史教学中的应用

探讨发现法作为帮助学生理解历史的一种教学策略,它有助于引导、启发学生的发散思维,培养学生的创新能力、协助学生理解知识障碍,提高学生解题和解决实际问题的能力。本文从课堂教学的三个阶段探讨如何实施该方法提高教学效果和学生思维能力,从而培养学生主动学习,提高高中历史课堂效率。     

论高校科技管理人员在校企合作中的桥梁纽带作用

简要阐述了高校科技管理人员在校企合作中的桥梁纽带作用的基本内涵及其具体体现,并对科技管理人员充分发挥自身桥梁纽带作用提出了几点建议,对科技管理人员自身素质的提高提出了几点要求。     

The subjective expected utility approach and a framework for defining project risk in terms of novelty and feasibility – A response to Franzoni and Stephan (2023), ‘uncertainty and risk-taking in science’

In their Discussion Paper, Franzoni and Stephan (F&S, 2023) discuss the shortcomings of existing peer review models in shaping the funding of risky science. Their discussion offers a conceptual framework for incorporating risk into peer review models of research proposals by leveraging the Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) approach to decouple reviewers' assessments of a project's potential value from its risk. In my Response, I build on F&S's discussion and attempt to shed light on three additional yet core considerations of risk in science: 1) how risk and reward in science are related to assessments of a project's novelty and feasibility; 2) how the sunk cost literature can help articulate why reviewers tend to perceive new research areas as riskier than continued investigation of existing lines of research; and 3) how drawing on different types of expert reviewers (i.e., based on domain and technical expertise) can result in alternative evaluation assessments to better inform resource allocation decisions. The spirit of my Response is to sharpen our understanding of risk in science and to offer insights on how future theoretical and empirical work—leveraging experiments— can test and validate the SEU approach for the purposes of funding more risky science that advances the knowledge frontier.