内隐成就动机研究现状

从内隐动机和外显动机的区别,内隐动机的成就唤醒效应和提高成就动机三各方面对近年来内隐成就动机的研究进行了介绍和概括,并在此基础上它的研究趋势做了四点展望。     

Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals

This article takes a critical look at three pervasive urban legends in education about the nature of learners, learning, and teaching and looks at what educational and psychological research has to say about them. The three legends can be seen as variations on one central theme, namely, that it is the learner who knows best and that she or he should be the controlling force in her or his learning. The first legend is one of learners as digital natives who form a generation of students knowing by nature how to learn from new media, and for whom “old” media and methods used in teaching/learning no longer work. The second legend is the widespread belief that learners have specific learning styles and that education should be individualized to the extent that the pedagogy of teaching/learning is matched to the preferred style of the learner. The final legend is that learners ought to be seen as self-educators who should be given maximum control over what they are learning and their learning trajectory. It concludes with a possible reason why these legends have taken hold, are so pervasive, and are so difficult to eradicate.     

师范类女大学生成就动机的调查研究

该研究以师范类女大学生作为研究对象,采用叶仁敏和Hegtvet,K.A.合作译制的中文版本成就动机量表(AMS),对236名在校女大学生进行问卷调查。结果表明:大学生成就动机没有显著的学科差异和年级差异。进而针对研究结果进行分析,阐明了作者对出现这一结果的原因的看法。在此基础上,提出培养和提高师范大学女大学生成就动机的建议,分别从帮助师范大学女大学生树立正确目标和形成正确的自我认识等多个维度来提高师范大学女大学生成就动机水平,以期能够寻求一条适合师范大学女大学生提升成就动机水平的途径,为其以后的发展创造有利的条件。     

体育专业学生成就动机的研究

文章采用问卷调查法、数理统计法,对体育专业学生的成就动机进行调查研究.结果表明:体育专业学生的成就动机水平较高,其中追求成功的动机高于避免失败的动机;不同性别的体育专业学生在成就动机水平上存在显著差异,女生高于男生;体育专业学生中独生子女与非独生子女在成就动机水平上不存在显著差异,非独生子女高于独生子女;不同生源的体育专业学生的成就动机水平不存在显著差异,农村高于城镇.     

Academic underachievement: Relationship with cognitive motivation,achievement motivation,and conscientiousness

In this study, the role of need for cognition, achievement motivation, and conscientiousness on academic underachievement was investigated. Forty‐seven male and 46 female students in Grades 7 to 10 participated in the study. Student attributes were assessed by self‐report measures, school performance by academic grades, and intellectual abilities by a standardized structure of intelligence test. A regression analytic model (prediction of grade point average by general intelligence) was used to operationally define underachievement. A categorical cutoff definition as well as a continuous definition was investigated. All relationships between underachievement scores and need for cognition, achievement motivation scales, and conscientiousness showed linearity. This warranted the use of a continuous definition of underachievement. Results revealed that need for cognition as well as facilitating anxiety contributed the most to the explanation of underachievement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 401–411, 2006.     

英语专业学生自我效能和成就动机的相关性研究

采用定量研究中的问卷调查方法对学生自我效能的含义、特征及其在学习环境中的作用和意义进行探讨,对大学英语专业学生的自我效能感与他们的成就动机之间的关系进行实证研究,结果表明学生的自我效能和成就动机存在显著相关,因此有必要制定出提高英语专业学生自我效能和维持成就动机的策略。     

Expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation: A developmental perspective

I consider Eccles et al.'s (1983) expectancy-value model of achievement performance and choice from a developmental perspective, by examining how recent research on the development of young children's competence beliefs, expectancies for success, subjective task values, and achievement goals can be incorporated into the model. The kinds of change in children's achievement beliefs considered include change in the factor structure of children's competence beliefs and values; change across age in the mean level of those constructs; and change in children's conceptions of ability beliefs and subjective values. I also discuss how achievement goals are conceptualized in this model, and how goals are conceived by other current motivation researchers. Changes in the nature of relations among competence beliefs, subjective task values, achievement goals, and achievement behaviors also are considered.     

大学生就业压力与主观幸福感: 双向中介效应

采用成就动机量表、上行比较量表、大学生就业压力问卷对799名大学毕业生进行调查, 探讨追求成功的动机对大学生就业压力的影响及其作用机制。结果发现：第一,追求成功的动机负向预测大学生的就业压力; 第二,上行比较在大学生追求成功的动机和就业压力之间存在中介效应,并存在遮掩效应,即上行比较减缓了追求成功的动机对就业压力的负向预测作用; 第三,性别调节了追求成功的动机通过上行比较影响大学生就业压力的中介过程的前半路径。相较于女性大学生,上行比较在男性大学生群体中对追求成功的动机与就业压力关系的遮掩效应更为显著。     

An investigation of perfectionism,mental health,achievement, and achievement motivation in adolescents

This study examined the relationship of perfectionism with measures of achievement and achievement motivation and mental health aspects of depression and self‐esteem in high school students. Participants were 123 tenth‐ through twelfth‐grade students. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that students' personal standards were significant predictors of academic achievement. Students' personal standards also significantly predicted achievement motivation. Analyses of the relationship between perfectionism and depression and self‐esteem found that as students' personal standards increased, their levels of depression decreased and self‐esteem increased. Furthermore, when students experienced a discrepancy between their personal standards and actual performance, their depression levels increased and self‐esteem decreased. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Informational reception apprehension,educational motivation,and achievement

This study explored the relationship among informational reception apprehension (IRA) factors, student motivation, and student achievement. Based on Wheeless, Preiss, and Gayle's (1997) recently developed construct, the authors hypothesized that IRA scores for listening and inflexibility would predict educational motivation scores and measures of achievement. Furthermore, this study extended existing research on student motivation and the effects of antecedent conditions, such as trait‐like IRA. Results indicated that informational reception apprehension can be taken into consideration in order to account more adequately for student motivation and achievement.     

The importance of motivation as a predictor of school achievement

The present study examined to which extent different motivational concepts contribute to the prediction of school achievement among adolescent students independently from intelligence. A sample of 342 11th and 12th graders (age M = 16.94; SD = .71) was investigated. Students gave self-reports on domain-specific values, ability self-perceptions, goals, and achievement motives. Hierarchical regression and relative weights analyses were performed with grades in math and German as dependent variables and intelligence as well as motivational measures as independent variables. Beyond intelligence, different motivational constructs incrementally contributed to the prediction of school achievement. Domain-specific ability self-perceptions and values showed the highest increments whereas achievement motives and goal orientations explained less additional variance. Even when prior achievement was controlled, some motivational concepts still proved to contribute to the prediction of subsequent performance. In the light of these findings, we discuss the importance of motivation in educational contexts.     

Cooperative development of locally oriented achievement tests in chemistry

The authors describe a cooperative effort to produce reliable tests with high content validity for the schools involved.     

Introducing the DYNAMICS framework of moment-to-moment development in achievement motivation

This article introduces a new theoretical and psychometric framework describing moment-to-moment development and inter-dependencies of achievement motivation in terms of the situated expectancy-value theory, by introducing dynamical systems concepts into this line of research. As a first empirical example of a study using this framework, we examined whether task values, costs, and success expectancies measured in a learning situation (time point t) predicted themselves and each other at the next situation (t + 1; 27 min later) within a weekly university lecture.Situational task values, expectancies, and costs were assessed using the experience sampling method in 155 university teacher training students during weekly lectures for one semester, with three surveys during each weekly lesson. Data were analyzed with multilevel cross-lagged structural equation models.There were significant auto-regressions from one learning situation to the next in success expectancies and effort costs, but not in intrinsic, utility, or attainment value nor emotional or opportunity costs. There were no significant cross-lagged effects from one situation to the next in any of the measured situated expectancy-value components.As a framework to integrate dynamical systems concepts into the research on situated learning motivation, we expect the proposed DYNAMICS framework to have a substantial impact on further theory development.     

The interaction between social goals and self-construal on achievement motivation

The motivational effects of mastery goals and performance goals have been widely documented in previous research on achievement motivation. However, recent studies have increasingly indicated a need to include social goals so as to gain a more comprehensive understanding of achievement motivation. The purpose of the present research was to examine how social goals predicted achievement motivation among students with different self-construals (independent versus interdependent). In Study 1, 134 Chinese 8th graders completed a questionnaire on self-construal, social goals, and avoidance behaviors. In Study 2, the causal effect of self-construal and social goals on students’ willingness to take a course for improvement after failure was examined with experimental manipulation. Participants were 121 Chinese 7th graders. Results demonstrated that social goals yielded higher report of avoidance behaviors (Study 1) and lower willingness to improve after failure (Study 2) for students with independent self-construal, but lower report of avoidance behaviors (Study 1) and higher willingness to improve after failure (Study 2) for those with interdependent self-construal. The research sheds light on the theoretical framework of achievement motivation that goes beyond mastery and performance goals.     

Research on perfectionism and achievement motivation: implications for gifted students

Perfectionism has been associated with a rigid adherence to impossibly high standards, an irrational importance on the attainment of these standards, and a tendency to overgeneralize failures. Researchers have primarily focused on how perfectionism predicts psychological adjustment; yet, recent research also indicates that perfectionism impacts students' achievement motivation. In this article, research on the relationship between perfectionism and achievement motivation in non‐gifted students is reviewed. Conclusions about perfectionism and achievement motivation in non‐gifted students will highlight directions for future research and implications for enhancing the achievement motivation of gifted students with perfectionism. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Anxiety and motivation in achievement settings: towards a systems-theoretical approach

This paper presents a literature review and a theoretical model on the interrelations of anxiety and motivation in achievement settings. The results of a review of definitions and a computer-based search for evidence demonstrate that there is no clarity on such relationships either on a conceptual or on an empirical level. As a contribution to an alleviation of this state of affairs, the conceptual overlaps and boundaries between general and education-specific concepts of emotion and anxiety, on the one hand, and motivation, on the other hand, are analyzed. On this basis a theoretical model of the interconnections between anxiety and motivation is developed. Starting with simple and mostly empirically founded one-way functional assumptions, this model uses a systems-theoretical framework to represent the complexity of feedforward and feedback loops between anxiety, motivation and achievement.     

Learning environment,motivation, and achievement in high school science

In a study of the relationship between high school students' perceptions of their science learning environments and their motivation, learning strategies, and achievement, 377 students in 22 introductory science classrooms completed surveys in the fall and spring of their ninth‐grade year. Hierarchical linear regression was used to model the effects of variables at both the classroom and individual level simultaneously. High intraclass agreement (indicated by high parameter reliability) on all classroom environment measures indicated that students shared perceptions of the classroom learning environment. Controlling for other factors, shared perceptions that only the most able could succeed in science classrooms and that instruction was fast‐paced and focused on correct answers negatively predicted science achievement, as measured on a districtwide curriculum‐linked test. Shared perceptions that classrooms focused on understanding and independent thinking positively predicted students' self‐reported satisfaction with learning. Implications of these results for both teaching and research into classroom environments are discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 40: 347–368, 2003     

Mastery motivation,parenting, and school achievement among Hungarian adolescents

European Journal of Psychology of Education - Children’s motivation to master challenging tasks is an important predictor of school success, and yet, such motivation declines during...