How Partner Gender Influences Female Students’ Problem Solving in Physics Education

Research has shown that female students cannot profit as much as male students can from cooperative learning in physics, especially in mixed-gender dyads. This study has explored the influence of partner gender on female students’ learning achievement, interaction and the problem-solving process during cooperative learning. In Shanghai, a total of 50 students (26 females and 24 males), drawn from two classes of a high school, took part in the study. Students were randomly paired, and there were three research groups: mixed-gender dyads (MG), female–female dyads (FF) and male–male dyads (MM). Analysis of students’ pre- and post-test performances revealed that female students in the single-gender condition solved physics problems more effectively than did those in the mixed-gender condition, while the same was not the case for male students. We further explored the differences between female and male communication styles, and content among the three research groups. It showed that the females’ interaction content and problem-solving processes were more sensitive to partner gender than were those for males. This might explain why mixed-gender cooperation in physics disadvantages females in high schools.     

Creative Computer Problem Solving

No abstract available for this article.     

Computer Programming and General Problem Solving by Secondary Students

No abstract available for this article.     

教师的专业成长组织:教师协作学习共同体

教师专业化是教师教育发展的方向,教师的专业发展需要在教育实践中进行,学校是教师专业成长与发展的场所,“合作”“共享”是教师专业发展的关键,教师协作学习共同体在教师专业成长中起着激发教师主体生长性,提升教师的实践性智慧,提高教师的合作意识和能力的作用。其运作方式包括:课题活动方式、同行交流方式、结伴合作方式、专家引领方式、教育教学问题研讨方式。     

初中数学课堂合作学习有效性的研究和实践

通过课堂观察和调查发现,合作学习被泛用的现象并不少见。在初中数学课堂教学中开展合作学习的具体策略有：分析学生差异,建立科学合理的合作学习小组;合理选择时机,引导学生合作学习;精心设计教学过程,有效开展合作学习。最后,分析了合作学习需要注意的一些问题。     

Inservice Teacher Development in Mathematical Problem Solving

A humanistic perspective provided the basis for a problem-solving oriented teacher inservice program. The program was designed to provide opportunities that allowed elementary teachers to focus on personal experience as a way of achieving self-understanding and a way of reconstructing their personal meanings about problem solving and problem-solving instruction. Impact of the program was studied through interviews with the six participants and observations of their teaching. The results indicated that the program had a positive effect on the participants' beliefs about and teaching of problem solving. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

合作学习方法在课堂教学中的有效应用

合作学习能形成和改变学习的学习态度，增进合作学习技能，并创立紧密结合与整合学习为一体的学习方式，从而发展学习批判性思维、推理及解决问题的能力。     

学业自我概念在英语教育中的意义及其对英语教师的要求

学业自我概念与学业成绩之间存在密切关系,自我概念具有重要的教育意义。探讨自我概念的特点及其在英语学习中的作用,对提高学生英语学习的积极性,促进英语教学效果,有重要作用。     

国外创造性问题解决模型研究

创造性问题解决(CPS)模型是一种有效培养学生的创造力的学习与教学模式。CPS强调在问题解决过程中的发散思维和聚合思维的结合与交替应用,也就是强调问题解决者在选择或执行解决问题方法前需尽可能地想出多样化方法,再从中进行选择或实施。国外创造性问题解决模式的起源、内涵与特点、模型的发展,对于我国当前中小学课程设计和培养学生的创造力具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Responsibilities of a Teacher in a Harmonic Cycle of Problem Solving and Problem Posing

Early math experiences can be challenging for young children. Although it seems that planning a lesson on solving and posing a problem for a young child is a daunting task, it is actually simple if a harmonic cycle is exercised. This harmonic cycle, in fact, embeds within in it a variety of teacher’s responsibilities that can expand our understanding of what a teacher needs to attend to when it comes to planning, teaching, and evaluating a child’s progress. This article will present responsibilities that a teacher has in a harmonic cycle, which is reflected through an interaction between a teacher and a child on problem posing and problem solving.     

远程开放教育中的小组协作学习模式探究

学习小组是开放教育所提倡的合作学习的主要表现形式之一。学员通过参加学习小组活动,可以消除因个别化学习带来的孤独感,同时为培养组员的团结合作精神和提升组织领导能力提供良好的平台。2009秋开放学习小组在指导教师的带领下,按照不同的学习习惯和工作需求订制学习计划和职业生涯规划,明确奋斗目标,在学习的过程中享受快乐,共同成长。     

Problem Solving and Software Design

No abstract available for this article.     

合作学习增强大学生自主学习意识的研究

自主学习不仅仅依赖于个体,而且更依赖于群体,学习者只有通过与他人合作才能很好地获取自主学习的能力。通过小组讨论式合作学习的试验教学表明,动机、自信、集体意识带来的群体压力、自我效能感、学习主体地位是形成自主学习意识的重要因素,小组讨论式合作学习为培养自主学习意识的相关因素提供了平台。     

The Myths of Competency-Based Teacher Education

As the lead Advanced Placement (AP) English teacher at Suncoast High School, a magnet school, the author started a pilot program teaching the lowest quartile group of African American students the AP English Literature and Composition course their senior year. Their educational background was limited, and several were not able to write a complete sentence. The ambience of taking AP made them proud and made them feel special. The school system had finally given them a solid course with a qualified teacher. The class used practice AP tests and read many novels and plays by African American authors. The class showed success because nearly all students went to college.     

Learning Through Reflection in Mathematics Teacher Education

This article is written from our perspective as both researchers and mathematics teacher educators, and describes how our knowledge has grown as we engage concurrently in both teaching and research. Reflection-on-action is a means for us of approaching the relationship between theory and practice that comes out of the development of our work as researchers and mathematics teacher educators. The article presents the different steps we have identified in the relationship between theory and practice during our professional development. In the discussion, we examine the whole sequence of steps showing what we have learnt. Afterwards, we use the sequence of activity of the reflective process as a framework in which we can operate and reflect about our own development.     

Metacognition in Mathematical Problem Solving

Metacognition is considered by most educationists as an element necessary for many cognitive tasks. In problem solving, it has been said that possessing knowledge alone is insufficient and problem solvers need to exhibit high level cognitive skills like “self-regulation skills” (also known as metacognitive strategies) for successful problem solving.

A study on students' metacognitive strategies was carried out with over a thousand secondary and pre-university students from 12 schools. A questionnaire adapted from Biggs (1987) was administered to students at various levels (Secondary 2, Secondary 4, Pre-University 1), from different academic tracks (General, Science, Arts) and academic streams (Special, Express, and Normal). They were required to self-report on their metacognitive beliefs; their use of metacognitive strategies in mental tasks involving memory, problem solving and comprehension; and their attitudes towards the learning of various academic subjects. 20 items from the questionnaire which were related to problem solving were categorized into four stages, namely, orientation, organisation, execution and verification and data from these items were analysed.

Some findings that emerged were:

• (a) Normal stream students exhibited a lower usage of metacognitive strategies as compared to students from the Express and Special streams.

• (b) Metacognitive strategies used by Normal stream students tended to be of the “surface” type.

• (c) There was no significant difference in the frequency of usage of metacognitive strategies between students from different academic tracks.

• (d) During the problem solving process, students spent most time on evaluation of answers rather than on monitoring their understanding.

• (e) Students from different levels (Secondary 2, Secondary 4 and Pre-University) exhibited similar frequency of usage of metacognitive strategies in problem solving.

• The implications of these findings on future research and development projects as well as the teaching of metacognitive strategies are discussed in the paper.

     

合作学习对转化小学"学差生"的实验研究

为探讨在我国小学课堂教学中以合作学习来转化学差生的可行性,本研究采用不等组实验组控制组前测后测实验设计,通过为期12周的教学干预,以《同伴关系问卷》、《自尊量表》和《儿童社交焦虑量表》为测量工具,考查合作学习对提高学差生学业成绩,改善他们的同伴关系、自尊和社交焦虑等社会性因素的影响。结果显示:与对照班相比,进行合作学习的学差生的学业成绩有较大提高,其中,数学成绩达到显著水平,同伴关系得到改善,自尊水平显著提高,社交焦虑水平显著降低。由此表明合作学习是转化小学“学差生”的一种可行的有效的方法。     

促进合作学习的有效分组方式研究

介绍了一个基于社会关系学理论小组活动分组方式,通过该分组方式在一次小组合作任务中的应用,试图证明该分组方式对合作学习有效性的影响。通过抽取实验班和对照班的学生反思日记进行分析与归类,以及对合作任务的成功归因,证明了该分组方式对合作任务的成功起积极促进作用。还就该次活动的成绩对控制组与实验组进行了统计学上的对比,数据显示实验组成绩在统计意义上显著高于控制组,这也证明了该分组方式能间接提高学生学业成绩。最后讨论了研究结果对合作学习教与学的启示与意义。     

教育变革中的教师发展问题

在当前我国的基础教育变革中,教师发展应作为变革的基本目的而不仅仅是手段.教师发展需要理论滋养,但理论必须是在实践变革中生成的,被理论浸润的日常化教育实践应成为教师发展的基本路径.