White or Black?

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Black African parents’ experiences of an Educational Psychology Service

The evidence base that explores Black African parents’ experiences of an Educational Psychology Service (EPS) is limited. This article describes an exploratory mixed methods research study undertaken during 2009–2011, that explored Black African parents’ engagement with a UK EPS. Quantitative data were gathered from the EPS preschool database and parents completed the Family Support Scale which explored the social support they accessed outside of the EPS, such as relatives. Semi-structured interviews were used to explore five parents’ experiences of the preschool EPS. The interview data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The findings highlighted key themes pertinent to educational psychology practice and are applicable to all families regardless of ethnic background. Psychological theories and frameworks are discussed alongside the implications for educational psychology practice.     

Are Environmental Professors Unbalanced? Evidence From the Field

Most outcomes assessment in higher education has focused on content knowledge or skills development; however, attitudinal change is also a legitimate focus of assessment. We use the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) to test whether courses designed to meet the same university environmental literacy requirement changed student environmental attitudes, and whether these changes resulted from instructor and/or course-content effects. We found student environmental attitudes did change significantly but in different directions depending upon who taught the course. The ability to measure such changes adds to the discussion in the environmental education community on the desired nature of attitudinal change and of the responsibilities of higher education instructors.     

Education or Service? Remarks on teaching and learning in the entrepreneurial university

German universities come under fire: in contemporary political discourse they are considered to be antiquated, inefficient and unfit for international competition. Accordingly, the German government implemented an extensive program of reforms. Following the so‐called ‘Sorbonne Declaration’, the universities shall become part of an European higher education system with comparable and compatible structures. With the focus on the field of academic teaching and learning, this essay discusses the way of defining these activities in a new, entrepreneurial way, and the implications of this process within the university. The reflections lead to the thesis that the actual reforms ask for new forms of critique, because the neoliberal offer of marketable ways to teach and to learn makes the enduring asymmetry of power relations within the educational field invisible, endangers the democratic character of the university and trivializes education.     

On Presenting Grammar——Inductive or Deductive?

1. How to teach grammar — deductive or inductive Everyone who has ever learned English must have heard and talked about the word “grammar” hundreds of hundreds of times. It plays such an important role in our everyday teaching or learning that no one c…     

Oral Insulin—Fact or Fiction?

Insulin is a major protein hormone secreted by the β-cells of the pancreas and is important for the control of diabetes. Insulin is usually administered to diabetic patients through subcutaneous injection. This mode of therapy has certain inherent disadvantages such as local pain, itching and insulin lipodystrophy around the injection site. Hence, pharmaceutical scientists have been trying to design an oral delivery system for insulin. Many challenges are associated with the oral delivery of insulin, relating to the physical and chemical stability of the hormone, and its absorption and metabolism in the human body. Here we discuss various strategies for the oral delivery of insulin that are being tried out, as well as methods used to improve the absorption of orally consumed insulin and to reduce its degradation by digestive enzymes. K Gowthamarajan is on the faculty of the Department of Pharmaceutics in JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund. His research interests are in the area of designing drug delivery systems for peptides and proteins. He is currently involved in research on pharmaceutical applications of plant polysaccharides. Giriraj T Kulkarni is on the faculty of the Department of Pharmaceutics in JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund. Currently, he is involved in research on pharmaceutical and biotechnological applications of plant polysaccharides. He has authored a book ‘Biotechnology and its Applications in Pharmacy’ for undergraduate and postgraduate students of pharmacy.     

Higher-Education Planning 1990 — Problem or Opportunity?

Are the decreasing student enrollments after 1990 a problem or an opportunity for planning in higher education? At present we have the highest admission figures our university system has ever seen, and the number of students is expected to increase even more. Therefore, no one today can really imagine what will happen when the figures for first enrollments fall to below 50 percent of the current figure.     

AMIS — Applied Mathematics Internet Service

In this paper we discuss an ongoing project to produce teaching materials for first-year university mechanics on the Internet. The material produced so far, has been Web-based. The aim of the project is to broaden the scope of present-day courses in mechanics. Experience gained in the project can then be used to develop material in other branches of physics.     

Just Who is Black and Middle Class?

The increased stratification of the black population in the United States necessitates revisions in the measurement of social class for that community. The author proposes abandoning the old methods which focused on prestige and status differences within the black community for a system which attends to relationships to the means of production. Comparative research would be improved by the use of one uniform system for stratifying both the black and white community. In addition to presenting a modified system, based on the work of Braverman, the author calls for increased attention to structural issues in the study of the black middle class. The author highlights issues related to changing educational and employment opportunities. The increased integration of the black middle class into mainstream institutions leads to new dilemmas for the participants. Access to integrated settings can provide them with first hand knowledge of workings of institutionalized racism. Furthermore, this knowledge can motivate those who are middle class and black to continue to be concerned with issues shared by the entire black community.     

Liberation or Oppression?—Western TESOL Pedagogies in China

In this article, we examine power relations in College English teaching in China, focusing on the symbolic capital of English as a global language. Framing our discussion with Bourdieu's concept of symbolic capital and a review of literature, we problematize the importation of pedagogies from Western countries to China and argue that seemingly liberating pedagogies, such as the communicative language teaching approach, can be turned into a form of oppression of both the instructors and the students. Drawing on Freire's critical pedagogy, we propose that a truly liberating pedagogy should be based on a dialogical relationship between policy-makers, teachers, and students in consideration of the specific economic, social, and cultural backgrounds of the students and teachers.     

Fifteen Years of Higher-Education Reform — Gain or Loss?

Fifteen years ago, in February 1964, Georg Picht published his series of articles entitled "Die Deutsche Bildungskatastrophe" [The German Educational Catastrophe] in the journal Christ und Welt. He prophesied, for the next ten to fifteen years, a disturbing shortage of academics in all areas of public life; foresaw a rapid end of our economic boom, owing to a dearth of qualified (which for him meant academic) new generations of manpower; said that all higher-education graduates would have to become teachers if our schools were to be adequately supplied; and felt that it was inconceivable that the tremendous expansion of colleges and universities over the next fifteen years would succeed, though it would still be necessary even if we wanted only to train secondary-school instructors.     

Cope,Conform, or Resist? Functions of a Black American Identity at a Predominantly White University

This study organized five black American undergraduate students into a participatory action research (PAR) team to examine Cross and Strauss’ (1998) and Cross, Smith, and Payne's (2002) functions of blackness theory (i.e., bonding, code switching, and individualism) within a sample of black American students, frontline staff (i.e., janitors), and faculty at a predominantly white institution (PWI) or university. The racial-ethnic lived experiences of black Americans at a PWI can reveal outcomes in terms of employee performance and student academic and social experience. Data were collected from four student focus groups (i.e., general student body, students in Greek organizations, student athletes, and student leaders), one frontline staff focus group, five individual faculty interviews, and one individual interview with a female student athlete. Each participant completed a demographic survey. Also, extensive field observations were taken of participants at this particular PWI. Findings revealed how black Americans use bonding, code switching and individualism as functions of a racial identity when navigating a PWI as a mainstream environment. Data suggest very little bonding took place across the three subsamples (i.e., students, frontline staff, and faculty) and bonding practiced by black Americans at this PWI was found to exist most often within subpopulations, specifically within students and frontline staff. Participants, overall, were comfortable with code switching between a professional identity and a more racial, black American and/or social identity. Also, a number of participants understood their individuality to be more salient than a racial or black American identity. Implications for PAR projects with black American college students are also discussed within this article.     

True or False?

When I was a middle school student, I studied very hard. But a lot of myclassmates did very little work. Some did just e______ to pass exams. Othersdidn't e______ do that much. Fred Johnson was one of them. He spent more     

Dearer or Cheaper?

Tom’sfatherboughthimasmallshop ,andTom　 1　milk ,butter,cheese,eggsandotherthingsinit.Hisshopwasinasmalltown ,andit　 2　onTuesday ,Wednesday ,Thursday ,Friday ,SaturdayandonSundaymorning ,butitwas　 3　onSundayafternoonandonMonday .TomwenttosomefarmsonMondayandboughttheirbestbutterandcheeseandeggsfromthe　 4　 ,butheboughthis　 5　inthetown .Atruckbroughtthemtohisshopinthemorning.Tomandhiswifeworkedintheshop ,andtheysoldalotoftheirfood　 6　itwasgoodandclean .Onceafatwomancameintothesh…