CIVIC GROUPS AND COMPENSATORY EDUCATION

Following is the stenographic record of testimony by five students, one mother, and one former teacher before the House Committee on Education and Labor hearings on amendments to the National School Lunch Act.     

THE EDUCATION MARKET,QUALIFICATIONS, AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

This article examines the relationship between the development of the education market and the demand for qualified personnel in the context of European integration. To begin with, a model portraying the relationships between the education and the labour market is introduced, following which the old but still topical qualification discourse with its theses with regard to overqualification and underutilization, is discussed. Despite the modern European Communities’ educational ideology of technological progress and of the thesis of increasing qualifications, questions which are still worth asking are what kinds of demands actually exist in the labour market for increasingly highly trained labour and what kinds of educational policy the new United States of Europe should have.     

MULTINATIONAL INTEGRATION AND NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEMS: THE CASE OF AUSTRIA

This article examines the question of European integration from the vantage point of national education systems. Taking Austria and its education system as examples, it argues that even if Austria should join the European Community, it does not follow that its education system should be merged into a common education system. Just as the European Community is not the same thing as a united Europe, education systems are so closely linked to their individual countries that they should not be turned into supranational organizations, even if other national institutions lend themselves to this kind of integration.     

PREPARING PERSONNEL FOR INTEGRATION: NEEDS AND STRENGTHS OF EARLY INTERVENTION AND EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION PROFESSIONALS

Abstract

One early childhood teacher preparation program includes “Aesthetics As Learning,” a course which emphasizes that aesthetics is another way of knowing—another domain of development. The course has a reading, writing, discussion and experiential component—and all are integrated, but the experiential component (weekly arts activities) is showcased in this article.

One significant and innovative component of the experiential approach is that the students do not react to the use of the arts from a child's perspective but respond as an adult. This provides for an authentic experience with the arts. The college classroom uses a constructivist approach in which students construct their own meaning from their experiences and a feminist pedagogical approach that develops a classroom community of learners. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.     

THE EUROPEANIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION: INTEGRATION AND DIVERSITY AS VIEWED FROM EASTERN EUROPE

The question asked by the authors is how best to build the common Europe of the Universities in the context, on one hand, of the establishment of the single market of the European Community countries and, on the other hand, the end of Communism in eastern Europe. That the universities of Europe as a whole will increasingly come together is a certainty; however, the process will be long and sometimes complicated. East and West need information on each other's universities and higher education systems, this for the myriad necessities of comparability and recognition. The West, in particular, needs a clear picture of what happened to eastern European universities during a period in excess of forty years during which they were very isolated. The authors illustrate many of the peculiarities of universities under communism with reference to the Romanian situation. However, the reader is cautioned that eastern Europeans themselves perceive as many differences among the universities of their various countries as similarities. Cooperation agreements, exchanges of teachers and of students, and other kinds of East‐West links will be established, and the result will be the greater affirmation of academic unity in diversity.     

THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH,EDUCATION, AND PRACTICE IN GERONTOLOGY: SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND

This article focuses on the development of education relating to aging in a specific professional education program: social work at the University of Queensland. A brief outline of features of the aged population and services for the aged in Queensland, an Australian state, is given as a background for describing one approach to gerontology education with the University of Queensland social work faculty. The challenges and tasks of curriculum development in relation to gerontology in a generic undergraduate course are described. Specific training in gerontology at a theoretical and practical level is provided through field practicums in an institution for the aged and proposals to extend this to a community‐based practice research program for the aged are outlined. To give a combined approach to social work, current research programs relating to this program — social policy and aging — are described.     

高师物理专业电磁学和电动力学课程整合与教学创新

讨论了高师物理专业电磁学和电动力学课程整合的必要性和可行性,提出了改革现有课程体系、教学内容、教学方法和教学手段的一些具体设想。希望为促进教学内容与教学结构的深层次改革,实现传统教学模式的创新,改善教与学的效果,提高学生的研究性学习能力和创新能力提供有益的参考。     

EVALUATING COMPENSATORY EDUCATION: OVER WHAT PERIOD OF TIME SHOULD ACHIEVEMENT BE MEASURED?

An assumption fundamental to compensatory education is that greater achievement can change the academic future of disadvantaged students, which may in turn enhance their "life chances." Therefore, one of the goals of compensatory education is to increase the achievement of disadvantaged students. To change students' futures, this increase in achievement should be evident subsequent to participation in a compensatory-education program. At a minimum, an increase in achievement should persist over the summer following a school-year program. Evaluations of compensatory education in general, however, and of Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) in particular, have not included measures of sustained achievement. Instead, judgments of program success have been based on students' achievement during the school year: that is, on a spring posttest score adjusted in some way for the preceding fall pretest score.     

国家助学贷款与诚信教育一体化有效性研究

诚信教育与助学贷款分离、诚信教育诸多错位、助学贷款办理信用缺失等问题，影响了助学贷款政策的正确执行。必须在处理好集中与个别教育相结合、诚信教育延伸、银校和谐舍作等问题的基础上，推进国家助学贷款与诚信教育的一体化。认清国家助学贷款特点，抓住教育关键时期，广泛开展经常性的诚信教育和宣传，认真做好贷款资质审查，严格监督助学贷款资金使用、适时进行诚信再教育等措施，落实对贷款学生的自强教育、创业教育、激励教育、真情教育、心理调适教育，是实现国家助学贷款与诚信教育一体化有效性的关键所在。     

INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION INTO GENERAL UNIVERSITY TEACHING IN EUROPE

The recent awareness that humanity is the cause of an environmental crisis has given rise to a growing interest in two new academic disciplines: human ecology and environmental science. Environmental education requires specific techniques which result from its difficult objective: to understand and to teach the complex environmental issues in their entirety and to integrate the traditional monodisciplinary education into interdisciplinary training. Environmental education is well established in most biology and geography departments. An urgent need, however, exists for everyone of us to understand the environment and its governing principles. Therefore, great efforts should be made to further integrate environmental education into all faculties both at the undergraduate and at the postgraduate levels. Universities also have a certain responsibility for the preparation of appropriate numbers of experts to fulfil the needs of the labour market. They cannot be blind to the expertise demanded by society. Therefore, environmental curricula have to be prepared with the tasks of environmental professionals in mind. The environmental crisis cannot be solved by educating the population of the developed, industrialized world alone. To move towards a sustainable development of this planet requires that environmental education be an essential part of general development aid.     

CLASSROOM GROUPING AND INTEGRATION

African American students and former students from a predominantly white institution (PWI) were interviewed to understand their perceptions regarding the impact of their families on their academic achievement and persistence. The characteristics of families that students perceived to support and hinder their academic success at college are described along with implications for improving African American college student retention theory and practice.     

THE INSTITUTES OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION: PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION

Since achieving independence in 1991, the Republic of Latvia has taken radical measures to reform its system of science on a western model. The funding system has been overhauled, the Academy of Sciences, that used to be a kind of Ministry of Science, has become an academy of the classical type, and the advanced degrees of scientists inherited from the USSR‐era have been nostrificated. The big problem has been that of enacting the decision made to integrate the former institutes that were subordinated to the Latvian Academy of Sciences into the university system. The process has been resisted by university teachers who do not want to do research and by institute scientists who do not want to teach students, particularly undergraduate students. The article describes several measures that have been taken to deal with this problem which still remains unresolved.