自主学习环境下形成性评价对英语学习策略的培养

本文从建构主义角度分析了自主学习和形成性评价的内在关系,探究在英语自主学习环境下,如何通过实施形成性评价来加强学生主动使用学习策略(元认知策略,认知策略和社会情境策略)的意识,逐步提高学生的英语自主学习能力。     

形成性评价在大学英语教学中的应用研究

形成性评价是相对于终结性评价而言的一种教学评价模式。它所建立的是一种多元化和多样性的教学评价体系,例如对学生在课堂、课外活动、作业、小组活动等方面的表现进行综合评价。该体系注重发挥学生“自我评价”的作用,注重教学的反馈作用,构建新型“教”与“学”之间的关系,将有效提高教学效果。     

The motivational paradox of feedback: teacher and student perceptions

The notion that future performance can be affected by information about previous performance is often expressed in terms of ‘closing the gap’. Feedback has long been recognised as a mechanism through which teaching and learning may be influenced. The current wave of support in the United Kingdom for assessment for learning echoes these sentiments. This paper examines the feedback strategies employed by two experienced literacy practitioners in England. Using data gathered from field observations, interviews and documentary sources, the paper presents evidence of espoused practice associated with feedback, demonstrating that whilst teachers may claim that they make effective use of some feedback strategies to support pupils’ learning and motivation, that this is not supported by empirical data. The paper also identifies that whilst some teachers aim to mark every piece of pupils’ written work for perceived motivational benefits; such a strategy can undermine pupils’ intrinsic motivation and lead to a culture of over-dependency, whereby the locus of control with regard to feedback lies solely with the teacher. The paper concludes by exploring some possible implications for practice with regard to the provision of written feedback in particular.     

Formative Assessment and English Learning Strategies——An experiment on teaching vocational college English

The study mainly focuses on the influence of formative assessment upon learning strategies. So as to testify the effectiveness of formative assessment application in the promotion of students’ learning strategy in vocational college, the author has conducted a 20-week study on 76 freshmen in Sichuan College of Architectural Technology. The result shows that the application of formative assessment is mostly effective in the students’ adoption of affective strategy.     

Teacher learning through participation in a negotiated assessment procedure

This article focuses on the impact of a specific formative assessment procedure, negotiated assessment, on teacher professional learning. Negotiations between the assessor and the teacher as assessee seem to be especially promising for this teacher learning. However, there is no empirical evidence yet that has confirmed this. We explored teachers’ opinions about the usefulness of the different elements in a negotiated assessment procedure for their professional learning and the learning benefits they reported as a result of being engaged in this procedure. Our findings show that teachers found the negotiated assessment procedure useful for their learning and reported different types of learning benefits in terms of change: change in their knowledge, beliefs and attitudes, change in their teaching practice and change in their students’ learning outcomes.     

Enhancing Teachers' Technological Knowledge and Assessment Practices to Enhance Student Learning in Technology: A Two-year Classroom Study

This paper reports on a two-year classroom investigation of primary school (Years 1–8) technology education. The first year of the project explored emerging classroom practices in technology. In the second year intervention strategies were developed to enhance teaching, learning and assessment practices. Findings from the first year revealed that assessment was often seen in terms of social and managerial aspects, such as teamwork, turn taking and co-operative skills, rather than procedural and conceptual technological aspects. Existing formative interactions with students distorted the learning away from the procedural and conceptual aspects of the subject. The second year explored the development of teachers' technological knowledge in order to enhance formative assessment practices in technology, to inform classroom practice in technology, and to enhance student learning. Intervention strategies were designed to enhance the development of procedural, conceptual, societal and technical aspects of technology for teachers and students. The results from this intervention were very positive. This paper highlights the importance of developing teacher expertise pertaining to broad concepts of technology, detailed concepts in different technological areas and general pedagogical knowledge. The findings from this research therefore have implications for thinking about teaching, learning and assessment in technology.     

大学英语教学中的形成性评价及策略研究

形成性评价注重对学生的学习过程进行评价，及时提供反馈，调整教学，满足学生需求。将形成性评价恰当地运用到大学英语课堂，能显著改善教学效果，有效弥补当前大学英语教学与测试的一些不足，并帮助学生成为自主高效的学习者。     

学生自主学习的课堂组织策略

课堂是体现学生自主学习的主阵地.在语文课堂教学中,要努力为学生创设良好的自主学习情境.让学生明确学习目标、自主选择学习内容、勇于质疑问难并力求解决、积极主动参与评价学习得失等是几种具体可行的操作策略.     

形成性评价对英语口语学习策略的影响

实验采用问卷调查、周记等为研究工具,对非英语专业大学生进行了为期一个学期的形成性评价教学与终结性评价教学对比研究,探讨形成性评价对学生口语学习策略的促进作用,对比形成性评价教学与终结性评价教学对学习成绩的影响。     

网络课程教学环节反馈系统的设计与实现

现今很多网络课程缺少教学环节信息的反馈设计,教师在师生交互中仍处于“被动”地位,这样很不利于进行形成性评价。本文把网络课程与数据挖掘技术相结合,提出了一个对网络课程的教学环节进行反馈的系统研究的解决方案,为教师提供学生学习效果的反馈信息。     

The assessment process in a Swedish year five classroom: ‘Reach page 52!’

This paper describes and analyses the assessment process in a Swedish year five classroom, involving pupils aged 11 to 12?years. The paper is based on classroom observations and interviews, which were analysed to explore the assessment process in daily classroom practice, and investigates how the assessment process was understood by pupils and the teacher. The results indicated that the assessment process embodied mainly oversimplified learning goals; teaching was organised as individual work with tasks according to a weekly plan; and assessment and feedback were directed to deconstructed, easily marked goals.     

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts: a large-scale study of students’ learning in response to different programme assessment patterns

Audits of 23 degree programmes in eight universities showed wide variations in assessment patterns and feedback. Scores from Assessment Experience Questionnaire returns revealed consistent relationships between characteristics of assessment and student learning responses, including a strong relationship between quantity and quality of feedback and a clear sense of goals and standards, and between both these scales and students’ overall satisfaction. Focus group data helped to explain students’ learning responses but also identified ambivalent responses to the use of formative-only assessment, particularly when it was optional. Frequently, students were unclear about goals and standards, and found feedback unhelpful when assessment demands differed across modules, and when marking standards and approaches varied widely, making it difficult for feedback to feed forwards. The methodology underpinning the Transforming the Experience of Students through Assessment study described here has been used in more than 20 universities worldwide and is helping teachers to redesign assessment regimes, so that teachers’ efforts support learning better.     

形成性评价中的教师角色与策略研究

形成性评价对学习的促进作用在我国各学段的教育教学中受到重视。在实际教学中,该评价方法引起教师角色的变化和具体的评价实施策略是实现形成性评价促学价值的关键。教师需要改变传统教学中知识传授者的角色,转变为教学与评价活动的设计者和组织者,学生表现的观察者和诊断者,以及提高学生学习的推动者。通过师生共设与分享学习目标和评价标准,全面收集和准确解读学生信息,做出学生乐于接受并据此调整学习的有效反馈等策略,提升学生学习效果和促进其终身学习能力的发展。     

Changes in primary boys' and girls' attitudes to school and science during a two-year science in-service programme

A pupils' attitude test was developed to monitor change over the two years of a primary science in-service programme. It explores pupils' views about school in general so that changes in science attitudes can be contextualized within the whole school experience; feelings towards science experiments; and perceptions of real-world science. The test was piloted with schools outside the in-service programme. Approximately 2000 pupils were tested in January 1999, September 1999 or January 2000. A random sample of children were retested in June 1999 and compared with a ‘control’ school. All the children in the project were tested again in July 2000. The results indicate a generally positive attitude towards coming to school, with particular preferences for work with computers and working together. As the pupils get older, their enthusiasm for science falls as they find it less difficult or demanding. This relationship appears to be broken by teacher in-service to some extent. Girls in particular also showed a greater enthusiasm for independent investigative science after the programme.     

Formative self-and peer assessment for improved student learning: the crucial factors of design,teacher participation and feedback

Self and peer-assessment are becoming central aspects of student-centred assessment processes in higher education. Despite increasing evidence that both forms of assessment are helpful for developing key capabilities in students, such as taking more responsibility for their own learning, developing a better understanding of the subject matter, assessment criteria and their own values and judgements, and developing critical reflection skills, both forms of assessment are still not the norm at universities. This paper provides the findings of a two-year study of formative self and peer-assessment at an Australian university. The study supports other research showing that students tend to regard formative self and peer-assessment as beneficial for gaining more insights about the assessment process and for improving their own work. We argue that self and peer-assessment requires careful design and implementation for it to be an effective tool for formative assessment processes; and that the development of students’ capacities for giving feedback, and the continuous and timely involvement of the teacher, are central aspects for successful self and peer-assessment. The move to self and peer-assessment is not simple for teachers and students but is worthwhile and necessary for twenty-first century higher education.     

Innovative Online Assessment Using Confidence Measurement

This research investigates and evaluates an innovative approach to a web based formative assessment system. This self assessment tool is based on the traditional Multiple Choice Questions with additional facilitation of registering the level of confidence of the student's response to each of the options available. The student's generated score is designed to reflect their understanding of the topic under review.A series of experiments involving 93 participating students and 8 instructors were conducted producing some interesting qualitative and quantitative data. Our results show that it appears that this tool has promise as a positive contributor to the instructor and student as they journey along their learning path. In addition this research recommends directions for further studies.     

大学英语网络自主学习有效评价机制探究

评价是大学英语教学的一个重要组成部分,科学的评价体系是实现大学英语教学目标的有利保障。目前,在培养学生英语自主学习能力这一大学英语教学改革的前提下,基于多媒体和网络的大学英语网络自主学习模式被广泛应用于大学英语教学中。基于此背景,该文重点研究了如何将结性评价与形成性评价有机结合,建立有效的大学英语网络自主学习评价体系,以消除自主学习过程中可能出现的消极因素,提高学生参与自主学习的积极性、稳定性及学习效率。     

形成性网络考试与大学英语自我调节学习——不同成绩报道形式对自我调节学习的影响

项目研究基于网络考试中的形成性评价与反馈机制,设计出一种新型大学英语网考成绩报道单,既告知考生总分,又提供各题型的分数和百分位,以及相应的自我调节策略反馈。新的成绩报道形式以结构方程模型分析得出的认知调节策略使用与各题型成绩间的关系为基础,辅之以定性访谈分析为补充。结果表明,新型网考成绩报道形式较之传统的总分报道形式能更有效地促进学生的英语自我调节学习。