Ethical Guidelines for Counseling Supervisors

The following Ethical Guidelines for Counseling Supervisors were adopted by the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) Governing Council in March of 1993. The guidelines were written by a subcommittee of the ACES Supervision Interest Group, which comprised the following members: Gordon Hart, Chair; L. DiAnne Borders; Don Nance; and Louis Paradise. The guidelines first appeared in ACES Spectrum, Volume 53, Number 4, Summer, 1993.     

A Triadic Method of Supervision in the Training of Counselors and Counseling Supervisors

The article describes a triadic method of supervision that can be adapted to several settings, including the training of students in both counseling and supervision, as well as mutual peer supervision in employment settings. The triadic method reduces the complexities of the supervision process to teachable elements. As students learn to function alternately in the three roles of supervisor, commentator, and facilitator, they refine their skills in the four following basic processes of supervision: (a) the presentation of their counseling work, (b) the art of critical commentary, (c) the engagement in meaningful dialogue, and (d) the deepening of the here-and-now process inherent in supervision.     

School Counselors as Supervisors: An Integrated Approach for Supervising School Counseling Interns

This article proposes an approach for supervising school counseling interns. The approach integrates supervisor roles, intern skills, and stages of the supervision process.     

Counseling Taiwan Chinese in America: Training Issues for Counselors

This article examines cultural influences on Taiwan Chinese in America who seek counseling. Typical counseling struggles, effective counseling strategies and theoretical approaches, and training implications are addressed.     

Marketing Counseling: Guidelines for Training and Practice

Counselors in all settings must understand marketing principles and be able to apply them ethically and effectively. Guidelines for counselor training and practice are suggested.     

Critical Incidents in Counseling: Simulated Video Experiences for Training Counselors

This article explains the rationale, development, and use of a simulation approach to training counselors in which videotaped vignettes of critical incidents that occur in the course of establishing and maintaining a helping relationship are presented to trainees as stimuli. Through the use of this approach, trainees can learn to identify and understand client communications, their own reactions and communications, and the bilateral nature of the counseling relationship.     

Helping Beginning Counselors Develop a Personal Theory of Counseling

Developing a personal theory of counseling is essential for beginning counselors. Current approaches de‐emphasize life experiences before graduate training and fail to incorporate counselor developmental stages. This article presents a framework for strengthening development of a personal theory of counseling by integrating life experiences and counselor developmental stages with theory building approaches.     

Curriculum Guide for Training Counseling Supervisors: Rationale,Development, and Implementation

A standardized curriculum that can be applied to a variety of supervisor training programs is presented. Suggestions for implementation and research are included.     

College Counseling Centers With Counselors in Private Practice: Guidelines to Negotiate Ethical Challenges

Several factors shape practices in counseling centers today, including an increased need for referral to external mental health services. Providing external referrals can lead to both practical and ethical implications when counseling center employees also operate private practices. Guidelines to negotiate the potential ethical dilemmas inherent in this scenario are provided.     

Cognitive Style in Counselor Education: A Comparison of Practicum Supervisors and Counselors in Training

The authors compared practicum supervisors and counseling students in training in terms of dominant cognitive style and related cognitive style of counselors in training to supervision process and outcome measures. A sample of 18 supervisors and 46 students completed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. After at least six supervision sessions, supervisors rated the counseling students on the Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale and the students rated the quality of the supervision relationship using the Barrett-Lennard Relationship Inventory. Supervisors had a stronger Thinking orientation and less variability on the Sensing-Intuiting orientation than did counselors in training. In contrast to previous research, a strong relationship between the cognitive style of counselors in training and supervision process and outcome measures was not detected in this study.     

Ethical Implications for Supervisors in Counseling of Trainees

In this article, the authors explore the ethical issues for counselors who are in a dual role of counseling and supervising the same individuals. The difficulties of this dual relationship are discussed, and a guide for distinguishing supervision from counseling is offered.     

Single Case Research: An Added Tool for Counselors and Supervisors

Single case research is proposed as a valuable means of involving counselors in the research process, providing feedback to the counselor and supervisor and gathering accountability data. Yet relatively little research of this type is conducted. One reason for this paucity of single case research is a lack of familiarity. If one is familiar with single case research, it is usually with case study methodologies and not with the intensive N of 1 designs. The purpose of this article is to familiarize the reader with the two major types of intensive N of 1 designs: experimental and association. Several different examples of each are presented in hopes of stimulating usage.     

In-Service Education of Counseling Supervisors

The literature indicates that little attention has been given to the in-service education of counseling supervisors. This article describes such a program carried out by the New York State Employment Service and the University of Rochester. Three small groups (total N = 25) met periodically during one year. The group leader helped the members deal with practical, existing problems. He also related these to the theoretical concepts presented in prior institutes. Initial evaluation indicated very positive reactions by the supervisors. Discussion points out the utlization of this model for various types of counseling supervisors.     

Factors for Personal Counseling Among Counseling Trainees

The present study explored the use of counseling among counselor trainees and the characteristics of consumers and nonconsumers. Approximately 61% of those surveyed (n = 85) reported that they had received counseling, with the majority being mental health counseling trainees. Nonconsumers (n = 54) indicated that they coped with problems in other ways but would consider counseling if they experienced trauma.     

Leadership in Guidance: A Survey of School Counseling Supervisors

The authors present the results of a survey of district-level school counseling supervisors in Virginia. The results indicate that few school divisions employ individuals with the title of guidance supervisor. In divisions where such positions exist, they are staffed most often by individuals with guidance training and experience. The supervisors surveyed indicated that they spend a substantial portion of their time providing direct consultative support and assistance to counselors, engage in few research activities, and have few consultative contacts with counselor educators. Recommendations regarding school counselor supervision are offered based on survey data.     

Effects of Group Counseling on Self-Reports and on Self-Recognition Abilities of Counselors in Training

This study attempted to demonstrate the effects of group counseling with prospective counselors. Two hypotheses were tested: (a) Group counseling is associated with changes in self-reports of counselors in training; and (b) Group counseling increases self-recognition abilities of counselors in training. To test hypothesis one, study and control group scores on the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule and the Motivation Analysis Test were compared using analysis of covariance. Hypothesis two was tested by applying selected criteria to the subjects' choices of personality sketches that were “most like me.” The first but not the second hypothesis was confirmed. Discussion relates the findings to previous research and notes the minimal nature of the differences between the study and control groups.     

University Counseling Center Clients' Expressed Preferences for Counselors

ABSTRACT

This archival study explored patterns of client preferences from a randomized sample of 881 clients at a Midwestern university counseling center. Information from client intake forms was collected for a four year time frame. Results showed that 61% of the clients did not express preferences for particular types of counselors when asked on intake forms. Thirty-nine percent of the clients did express a preference for a particular type of counselor. Chi-square analyses found that clients with preferences tended to have prior therapy experience and tended to prefer counselor gender over other traits. Women and people of color tended to be the most likely to express counselor preferences. It is suggested that future research clarify the meaning behind preferences, the lack of preferences, and clients' expectations for counseling.