两种家兔急性肾功能衰竭模型复制的方法学比较

目的:探讨两种家兔急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)模型的方法学差异.方法:皮下注射1%HgCl2(1.5ml/kg.bw,H组)、肌肉注射50%甘油(5.6ml/kg.bw、8ml/kg.bw、10ml/kg.bw三种剂量,依次为G1组、G2组、G3组)复制家兔ARF模型,测定24h和48h血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cre)水平,观察比较各组模型复制的成功率、存活率及稳定性.结果:G1、G2两组不能成功复制ARF模型;G3组BUN、Cre较H组降低(P＜0.05).但G3组的存活率及稳定性均显著高于H组(P＜0.05).结论:两种模型复制方法各有优缺点,应根据不同研究目的选择相应的模型.     

两种家兔急性肾功能衰竭模型复制的方法学比较

目的:探讨两种家兔急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)模型的方法学差异.方法:皮下注射1%HgCl2(1.5ml/kg.bw,H组)、肌肉注射50%甘油(5.6ml/kg.bw、8ml/kg.bw、10ml/kg.bw三种剂量,依次为G1组、G2组、G3组)复制家兔ARF模型,测定24h和48h血清尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(Cre)水平,观察比较各组模型复制的成功率、存活率及稳定性.结果:G1、G2两组不能成功复制ARF模型;G3组BUN、Cre较H组降低(P＜0.05).但G3组的存活率及稳定性均显著高于H组(P＜0.05).结论:两种模型复制方法各有优缺点,应根据不同研究目的选择相应的模型.     

急性肾功能不全的治疗体会(附18例病例分析)

目的 :探讨如何降低急性肾功能不全 (ARF)死亡率。方法 :对我院收治的 18例ARF病例进行总结。结果 :经过积极治疗 ,死亡率占 33% ,经血液透析治疗的病人病死率占 15 % ,存活者化验指标均趋于正常。结论 :急性肾功能不全的病人只要治疗方法得当 ,不出现并发症 ,再加之分子及细胞生物学方面的治疗研究进展 ,ARF的死亡率将会大大减少。     

急性肾功能衰竭家兔血液流变学的变化

目的探讨急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)家兔血液流变学变化的临床意义.方法1%Hg-Cl2复制家兔ARF模型.通过LG-R-80型锥板式粘度计测定血液流变学各项指标的变化.结果ARF组血浆粘度显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),而全血粘度各指标无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论血液流变学的检测,对于ARF的诊断、治疗及转归有重要的临床意义.     

中西医结合治疗慢性肾功能不全的临床分析

慢性肾功能不全18例。分为中西药治疗组13例,每日早餐前服洛丁新10mg一次,肾灵胶囊2片,每日3次,速尿40mg,每日1次;中药用东昂降脂灵5片。每日口服3次;乐脉颗粒3克,每日口服3次。西药治疗组每日早餐前服洛丁新10mg。每日1次,潘生丁50mg每日3次,肾灵胶囊2片,每日3次,速尿40mg,每日1次,各组疗程均为8周。与服药前比较中西药治疗组BUN下降69.6％;cre下降50％,SG升高10.9％。尿蛋白全部转阴。CHO下降68％;IG下降61.9％;HDL升高34.6％,P均<0.001。西药治疗组BUN下降18.2％,cre下降14.33％;SG升高6％;GT下降3.7％;CHO下降2.7％;P均>0.05。两组相比各值均有非常显著的统计学差别P均<0.001。中西医治疗组疗程结束时无不良反应及副作用发生。本试验显示中西药治疗组有满意的疗效。     

急性肾功能衰竭家兔心肌损伤的体液机制

目的：观察急性肾功能衰竭（ARF）家兔心肌匀浆自由基、一氧化氮的变化，探讨心肌损伤的体液机制。方法：60只家兔均分为四组（n=15）。ARF模型1组：皮下注射1％HgCl2（1．3ml／kg．bw）；ARF模型2组：肌肉注射50％甘油（10ml／kg．bw）；以等量生理盐水代替HgCl2和甘油作为对照1、2组。24h后，所有动物颈总动脉放血备检，并选择固定位置。制备10％心肌匀浆。经Aeroset型全自动生化分析仪测定血清反映肾功能的生化指标。检测心肌匀浆丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、一氧化氮（NO）及其合酶（NOS）的变化。结果：与相应对照组比较，ARF模型1、2组心匀浆SOD活性下降、MDA含量升高（P〈0．05），ARF模型1、2组心匀浆NO含量增强、NOS及iNOS活性增强（P〈0．05～0．01）。结论：ARF家兔心肌损伤的机制与自由基损伤及NO升高有关。     

急性肾功能衰竭家兔NO及其合酶的变化

目的:观察急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)家兔血清一氧化氮(NO)及其合酶的变化,探讨NO在ARF发病机制中的作用.方法:家兔60只均分为四组(n=15).ARF模型Ⅰ组:皮下注射1%HgCl2(1.3ml/kg.bw);ARF模型Ⅱ组:肌肉注射50%甘油(10ml/kg.bw);以等量生理盐水代替HgCl2和甘油作为对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组.24h后,所有动物颈总动脉放血备检,制备肾匀浆.经Aeroset型全自动生化分析仪测定血清BUN、SCr水平,以硝酸还原酶法、化学显色法分别检测血清及肾组织匀浆NO含量及NOS、iNOS活性,肾组织匀浆总蛋白以双缩脲法定量.结果:ARF模型Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血清NO含量及NOS、iNOS活性分别高于相应对照Ⅰ、Ⅱ组(P＜0.05～0.01),肾匀浆NO含量显著高于相应对照组(P＜0.01).结论:NO在ARF发病过程中发挥保护及损伤的双重作用.     

二甲苯致家兔耳肿胀急性炎症模型的建立

以家禽市场采购的家兔为材料,用不同剂量的二甲苯均匀涂布于家兔左耳耳廓上下两面,30min后,测定不同剂量二甲苯处理家兔耳廓的重量变化,计算肿胀率,观察耳廓的形态学变化.实验结果表明,随着二甲苯剂量的增加,家兔耳廓的肿胀呈上升趋势,二甲苯致家兔耳肿胀率最高的剂量为30μL,超过该剂量,肿胀率则呈下降趋势.     

自由基损伤在甘油致家兔急性肾功能衰竭中的作用

目的:观察甘油致急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)家兔自由基的变化,探讨自由基损伤在ARF发生中的作用及其意义.方法:30只家兔随机分为两组:50%甘油(10ml/kg.bw)肌肉注射复制家兔ARF模型,等量生理盐水代替甘油作为对照组(n均=15).分别应用改良TBA微量法、黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定血清及肾脏组织匀浆的丙二醛(MDA)水平、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化.结果:ARF组血清及肾脏组织匀浆的MDA水平高于对照组(P＜0.01),SOD活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:自由基损伤在甘油致家兔ARF过程中具有重要作用.     

急性坏死性胰腺炎并发多器官功能不全综合症的临床观察

的 :总结急性坏死性胰腺炎并发多器官功能不全的临床特点 ,并探讨相关护理问题。方法 :回顾分析 7例急性坏死性胰腺炎并发多器官功能不全综合症的治疗护理情况。结果 :全组 7例病人死亡 2例 ,其余 5例均治愈出院。结论 :本病治疗困难 ,死亡率高。必须严格掌握病情进展程度 ,抓紧早期防治可望提高抢救成功率及治愈率。     

两种短期电力负荷预测模型的比较

负荷预测是电力系统规划、计划、用电、调度等部门的基础工作,电力负荷是影响电网寿命和可靠度的一个重要因素。结合某省电网近五年来总电力负荷数据,对电力负荷数据进行分析与预处理,分别运用ARIMA模型与灰色GM（1,1）模型针对该省的电力总负荷分别做未来3天和10天两种情况下的短期预测,重点比较了所用两种方法的优缺点和精准度,得到3天的预测精度上GM（1,1）模型效果高于ARIMA模型,10天的预测精度上ARIMA模型相对较好。     

广东省大学生创业成功率低下原因调查与对策研究

本课题立足于当代"广东省大学生创业率偏低"这一实际现状,2015年广东省大学生创业成功率平均为1%,远低于全国2%的平均水平,与美国大学生创业成功率40%更有整整十倍的差距。本文试图挖掘广东省大学生创业成功率低下现象背后的根源,对影响大学生创业的障碍因素作一番分析,并对大学生自由创业提出一些初步建议和对策。     

两种紫外分光光度计测定紫拟青霉色素的比较

采用两种紫外分光光度计(UV2450和755B型)对紫拟青霉色素溶液进行吸光度测定.通过比较分析两种紫外分光光度计的测定值,可知在吸光度值0.3-0.7范围内,普通教学用紫外分光光度计755B测定结果与UV2450无明显差异.     

求解单调变分不等式的两类近似邻近点算法比较

将Solodov和Svaiter于2000年发表的Error bounds for proximal point subproblems and associated inexact proximal point algorithms一文中提出的方法进行推广,得到2类近似邻近点算法．这2类算法都是预测校正方法,预测点满足相同的非精确准则,不同之处在于校正步的下降方向．为了使每次迭代产生的迭代点更加靠近解点,在校正步均采用了最优步长的技巧．在一定条件下,可以证明这2种邻近点算法是全局收敛的．并且,从理论上证明了采用算法2每一步所产生的下降量的下界大于算法1的,所以算法2比算法1能更快地收敛到解点．数值试验也表明了这一点．     

Modelling students' construction of energy models in physics

One of the main differences between novice and expert problem solving in physics is that novices mostly construct problem representations from objects and events in the experimental situation, whereas experts construct representations closer to theoretical terms and entities. A main difficulty in physics is in interrelating these two levels, i.e. in modelling. Relatively little research has been done on this problem, most work in AI, psychology and physics education having concentrated on how students use representations in problem solving, rather than on the complex process of how they construct them. We present a study that aims to explore how students construct models for energy storage, transformation and transfers in simple experimental situations involving electricity and mechanics. The study involved detailed analysis of problem solving dialogues produced by pairs of students, and AI modelling of these processes. We present successively more refined models that are capable of generating ideal solutions, solutions for individual students for a single task, then models for individuals across different tasks. The students' construction of energy models can be modelled in terms of the simplest process of modelling — establishing term to term relations between elements of the object/event world and the theory/model world, with underlying linear causal reasoning. Nevertheless, our model is unable to take into account more sophisticated modelling processes in students. In conclusion we therefore describe future work on the development of a new model that could take such processes into account.1. CHENE = CHaîne ENErgetique, or Energy Chain. (In French Chêne also means oak).2. Throughout the rest of the paper we use the following simple notation in order to avoid possible confusion between modelling as a process performed by the students, in the domain of physics, and AI modelling of the former modelling process: students' modelling in physics = modelling _SP ; AI modelling (of modelling _SP ) = modelling _AI .3. It has not been necessary to use more sophisticated strategies at the stage of our work reported here. The next system, modelCHENE, will directly address this issue.4. Note that what we refer to in this context as problem solving may in another context be viewed as construction of a qualitative representation for subsequent quantitative problem solving.5. The protocols indicate that students use this as a kind of anchor in their reasoning-some students returning to it in order to resolve impasses. As the current problem solver provides no mechanism for handling impasses we cannot model the reuse of information in any meaningful way.6. We are grateful to an anonymous reviewer for this example.7. This provides the minimum distinction for our initial needs.8. Though there is a difficult step in deciding that the moving object really is the last unassigned object-since that requires setting aside any need to assign roles to, for example, connecting strings etc.9. At the moment we have to provide psCHENE with slightly different rulesets: providing rules with priorities would be more convenient.     

建设工程两种计价模式的比较

在工程量清单计价处于理论研究与实践相结合的初步阶段,定额计价和工程量清单计价并存,两种计价模式下工程造价的编制依据容易混淆,本文在总结实践经验的基础上,运用实例,分析了二者的区别和联系,为合理确定工程造价提供了正确的途径。     

两类有限域加法的计算机实现

用计算机高级语言C语给出了两类典型有限域GF（2^n)（n∈N）和GF（p^2)(p为素数）加法的计算机实现，其中用到了C语言中的位运算和库函数。     

填埋场渗漏检测高压直流电法两种模型的比较

To solve the disability of conventional model used in electrical leak location when measurement electrodes were buried under the liner, a new model of high voltage DC leak detection is developed. For single-liner landfill, the waste material layer, the geomembrane liner and the soil under the liner are simulated with infinite horizontal layers. The leak is regarded as two parts, one being negative current source at the entrance, and the other positive current source of the same size at the exit. Comparisons between the new theoretical model and conventional model show that conventional model is efficient in locating leaks in geomembane liner associating the dipole scanning above the liner but is ineffective when the measurement electrodes were buried under the liner. The new theoretical model data are in excellent agreement with experimental data not only above the liner but also under the liner.     

两类非线性波动方程的形式变量分离法求解

利用形式变量分离法研究了两类非线性波动方程的精确解，给出了其它方法不能给出的孤波解．