世界跳高运动发展特点及前景展望

一、前言跳高运动经过百余年的演变和发展,已达到很高的水平。尤其是60年代末期背越式技术的出现,使跳高运动水平有了新的突破。当今世界跳高运动已发展到一个新的阶段,目前跳高运动总体水平正处于稳定发展时期。在这种形势下,我们对当代世界跳高运动发展特点进行了研究,并就此对未来跳高运动发展前景作出展望,以利于准确把握跳高运动发展脉搏,制定跳高长远发展规划,进一步提高跳高成绩提供思路,以推动跳高运动水平的更快发展。二、当代跳高运动的发展特点卜档代跳高运动员年龄特点当代世界优秀男女跳高运动员年龄变化有两个显著特…     

摆动动作在跳高起跳中的作用

跳高是国际上发展较快的田径项目之一,我国的跳高运动技术和运动成绩都处于较高水平,但是与世界跳高水平较高的国家相比,还有一定的差距,本文重点论述跳高中常被忽视的重要的技术动作——跳高起跳中的摆动动作,希望能对各级教练员在教学和训练中有一定的参考价值。随着跳高技术     

提高青少年跳高运动员身体素质的训练方法

背越式跳高是田径运动技术较复杂的项目之一,要想提高运动成绩,必须掌握跳高运动技术和不断提高各项身体素质。在跳高训练中如何紧密结合跳高技术来发展速度素质、弹跳素质、力量素质、柔韧素质,在训练中科学合理地安排训练内容是教练员、运动员必须了解和掌握的。     

浅谈中学生跳高运动员普遍存在的问题

<正>背越式跳高技术的出现,使跳高运动水平有了新的突破,目前跳高运动整体水平正处于稳定发展时期。笔者在多年的中学生跳高教学中,积累了一些经验,对中学生跳高选材     

跳高史话

在跳高运动一百多年的历史发展进程中,跳高的技术和运动成绩都发生了巨大的变化,到目前为止,男、女跳高优胜者分别征服了2.43米和2.09米的高度。 回顾跳高的历史,随着时间的流逝,跳高技术发生了一系列演变。相传在中世纪的时候,有一位日耳曼王公吞吐波德曾经一跃跳过六匹骏马,这是跳马运动始祖,     

对我国跳高项目 普遍存在的问题之己见

跳高运动经过百余年的演变和发展,尤其是背越式技术的出现,使跳高运动水平有了新的突破,目前跳高运动整体水平正处于稳定发展时期。笔者在多年的运动实践中,积累了一些经验,对我国跳高训练方面的问题,提出自己的看法。     

浅析中小学课余跳高训练中的常见问题

当前中小学课余跳高训练中,背越式跳高技术的运用已经非常普遍,但由于受训练时间、训练条件的限制,运动员的运动能力、运动技术不够完善等因素的影响,中小学运动员在跳高练习中往往很难达到最佳练习效果。     

优秀女子跳高运动员的竞技能力模型及其主导因素特征的分析

跳高运动经过百余年的演变和发展,已经达到了非常高的水平。尤其是20世纪60年代末背越式跳高技术的出现,使跳高的水平有了新的突破。当今世界跳高运动已发展到一个新的阶段,目前跳高运动总体水平正处于一个稳定发展时期。在这种情形下,研究当前跳高项目的竞技能力特征及其主导因素,对于更新我们的观念,准确把握跳高运动项目发展脉搏,制定跳高运动项目发展规划,实施训练重点以及促进跳高水平的快速提高将具有重要意义。     

男子跳高基础训练

一、背越式跳高发展 趋势及特点 跳高,就是应跳得尽可能最高,背越式的出现是跳高运动发展过程中的一次技术革命,对开发人体运动能力前进了一大步。目前跳高运动总体水平正处于稳定发展时期,从当前背越式跳高发展现状来看,其技术特点主要有以下三个方面:一是以速度为核心技术阶段,进一步开发人体潜在运动能力;二是采用和完善折叠式摆腿技术,动作更加简化;三是尽量减小“H3”的数值,使其变为正值,并把素质水平充分运用到动作中去。 二、培养敢跑敢跳意识为主,形成技术风格 (一)速度型迎合现代运动 技术发展趋势 “速度型”是当代背越式跳高     

当今世界跳高运动发展特点及趋势

根据世界跳高运动的现状并对有关资料进行分析，揭示了当今世界优秀跳高运动员的年龄、技术及训练特点，并对未来世界跳高运动的实力格局、人体潜能及训练趋势等方面作出展望。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

对欧洲足球技战术发展趋势的思考

结合欧洲足球技战术的发展特点,就鲁能泰山足球队的体能训练、技术训练、防守阵型、进攻方式、定位球、职业态度、球星培养等诸方面所存在的不足进行了分析,提出相应的改进意见。