水稻节水栽培技术的应用和研究

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物之一,但常规的水稻栽培耗水大,且对稻株的生长有一定的弊端,因此,进行水稻节水栽培势在必行。本文从选种、育秧、栽培及田间管理等方面对水稻的节水栽培技术进行了综述。     

农杆菌介导的水稻基因转化技术的研究进展

通过植物基因工程进行水稻育种,实现在优质的基础上提高水稻产量成为重要趋势.介绍了农杆菌介导转化水稻取得的重大进展,从组织培养体系对转化频率的影响和农杆菌侵染体系对遗传转化的影响两方面探讨了影响农杆菌介导的水稻遗传转化的主要因素,并对前景进行了展望.     

水稻高产栽培技术思考

水稻是我国的第一大粮食作物,尤其是在南方地区,水稻生产对保障我国粮食安全有着重要意义,因此,水稻的栽培也越来越引起重视。本文从多个方面对南方地区水稻高产栽培技术进行了分析和思考,从而为南方地区水稻高产栽培提供参考。     

光温敏核不育水稻的研究进展

水稻光温敏核不育系是两系杂交水稻研究的基础,它的研究对水稻杂种优势的利用与揭示水稻发育过程中形态建成的光温调控机理都具有重要的意义。从水稻光温敏不育系的类型及其育性转换,以及近年来研究者对其调控机理和不育基因定位等方面研究现状进行了综述,并对目前研究中存在的问题和发展前景进行了分析和讨论,以期有助于育种工作者了解水稻光温敏核不育系研究的发展历程和最新研究动态。     

水稻育秧与施肥管理的探讨

水稻是我国农业产品中的重要组成部分,对我国农业发展、农村经济发展有着重要的影响.在水稻播种前的育秧过程中,育秧管理效果与施肥的合理性将直接影响水稻的产量.针对这样的情况,笔者对水稻育秧与施肥管理等问题进行了简要论述.     

我国浙江大学科学家发明控制转基因水稻“逃逸”的转基因技术

据2008年4月4日《新民晚报》消息,日前,浙江大学农学院沈志成教授领衔的课题组发明了一种转基因技术,解决了进行田间试验的转基因水稻“逃逸”难题。他们在进行水稻转基因操作时,在向水稻基因组转入抗虫、纤维素酶或人乳铁蛋白基因的同时,利用RNA干扰技术抑制了水稻本身具有的对除草剂苯达松的“解毒酶”,     

凯里市水稻害虫天敌昆虫资源调查

2017年5月到2022年10月在水稻生长期,通过田间扫网、灯诱和饲养的方法对凯里市水稻害虫的天敌昆虫资源进行了调查,并对天敌昆虫进行了分类学鉴定.通过调查共发现凯里市水稻害虫寄生性天敌昆虫2目11科28种,捕食性天敌昆虫5目16科30种.该研究为凯里市开展水稻害虫生物防治打下基础,在保障凯里市生态环境安全和粮食安全方面具有重要意义.     

内江市水稻产量影响因素的主成分分析

水稻是内江市主要的粮食作物之一,其产量对推动内江市经济社会发展具有重要意义．为此,利用主成分分析方法,选择对水稻产量可能影响的20个因子作为评价指标,对内江市1999～2009年的水稻产量数据进行分析．研究结果表明：有效灌溉面积、稻谷播种面积、农用施肥用量、乡村办水电站个数、乡村办水电站装机容量是影响内江市水稻产量的最主要的5个因子,以此为提高内江市水稻产量提出了相应的建议．     

水稻的演化与现代育种技术研究

本文以水稻为研究对象,分别介绍了稻的自然进化、驯化以及诱变育种、杂交育种、转基因育种等现代水稻育种技术.在分析比较具体的技术路线基础之上,力求厘清水稻从自然进化到现代育种的演化脉络,同时对相关评价的客观性进行了讨论.     

不同药剂防治水稻胡麻斑病试验简报

为筛选新型高效防治水稻胡麻斑病的药剂,特进行了不同药剂防治水稻胡麻斑病的药效试验。结果表明,每667m2用30%爱苗EC（苯醚甲环唑·丙环唑）15mL,加水30kg,在水稻抽穗前7d左右（大部分剑叶叶枕始露出）和齐穗期各喷施1次,对水稻胡麻斑病有显著防效,控制时间长,对水稻生产安全,建议在生产上推广使用。     

化学农药对稻田昆虫群落组成及其动态的影响

本文对不同用药水平处理下的稻田昆虫群落及其动态的变化情况进行了研究。 1、稻田昆虫群落物种丰富度,在时间序列变化中,天敌种类数多于害虫类;在用药处理田,害虫和天敌种类数低于未用药田。经存在度分析,稻田共有27种以上的常见种,其中害虫10种,捕食性天敌昆虫5种,寄生性天敌昆虫6种。稻田蜘蛛6种。 2、优势度在用药处理下均趋降低,但降低水平不一致,害虫类优势度降低值比天敌类降低值高,而在叶面活动的天敌优势度降低明显。     

中国稻作文化的保护与开发利用

中国是最早发明水稻人工种植的国家,有着丰富的稻作文化,留下众多珍贵的文化遗产.如以水稻种植为中心的生产结构;由稻作农耕而形成的文物古迹;与水稻种植密切相关的民风民俗;相应的民族语言和文学艺术等.在全球化的今天,如何对稻作文化和遗产进行有效的保护和开发,是我们面临的严重挑战.     

不同品种早稻米中铬含量及其分布

分析了安徽省12种主要早稻糙米及早稻精米中铬的含量及分布情况.结果表明:不同品种、不同产地早稻糙米及精米中铬的含量有差异;铬在早稻米中的分布规律为:胚层＞糙米＞精米.     

水稻育秧方法对秧苗素质及育秧成本的影响

本文报道了湿润育秧、塑料软盘育秧、旱育秧三种育秧方法培育的秧苗素质及育秧成本的差异.结果表明:旱育秧培育的秧苗素质最好,而育秧成本最低.     

近代福建大米进口贸易影响因素探析

近代福建洋米进口呈现了起伏不定的波浪形发展趋势,但整体来看,甲午战后较战前,进口量大大增长。福建洋米进口的消长变化,是生产之影响、环境之影响、交通之影响、制度之影响等多方面原因共同作用的结果。从大米进口可以看出,供求的变化是支撑福建洋米消长变迁的逻辑支点。     

Optimal waveband identification for estimation of leaf area index of paddy rice

The objectives of the study were to select suitable wavebands for rice leaf area index (LAI) estimation using the data acquired over a whole growing season, and to test the efficiency of the selected wavebands by comparing them with feature positions of rice canopy spectra. In this study, the field experiment in 2002 growing season was conducted at the experimental farm of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. Measurements of hyperspectral reflectance (350-2500 nm) and corresponding LAI were made for a paddy rice canopy throughout the growing season. And three methods were employed to identify the optimal wavebands for paddy rice LAI estimation: correlation coefficient-based method, vegetation index-based method, and stepwise regression method. This research selected 15 wavebands in the region of 350-2500 nm, which appeared to be the optimal wavebands for the paddy rice LAI estimation. Of the selected wavebands, the most frequently occurring wavebands were centered around 554, 675, 723, and 1633 nm. They were followed by 444, 524, 576, 594, 804, 849, 974, 1074, 1219, 1510, and 2194 nm. Most of them made physical sense and had their counterparts in spectral known feature positions, which indicates the promising potential of the 15 selected wavebands for the retrieval of paddy rice LAI.     

我国瓯江彩鲤的研究现状

瓯江彩鲤具有色彩艳丽、营养丰富、易养殖、生长快、病害少等优点,现广泛推广于浙南的山塘（池塘）、小水库、沟渠、网箱、流水养殖以及休闲渔业的垂钓和观赏,已成为永嘉、青田、龙泉等地自古稻田养鱼的当家品种。根据国内瓯江彩鲤的研究情况,对瓯江彩鲤的基础生物学、人工繁养殖、营养评价、遗传育种及遗传多样性等方面进行了综述和展望,以期为瓯江彩鲤的进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

Multi-year monitoring of paddy rice planting area in Northeast China using MODIS time series data

The objective of this study was to investigate the tempo-spatial distribution of paddy rice in Northeast China using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) data.We developed an algorithm for detection and estimation of the transplanting and flooding periods of paddy rice with a combination of enhanced vegetation index(EVI) and land surface water index with a central wavelength at 2130 nm(LSWI2130).In two intensive sites in Northeast China,fine resolution satellite imagery was used to validate the performance of the algorithm at pixel and 3×3 pixel window levels,respectively.The commission and omission errors in both of the intensive sites were approximately less than 20%.Based on the algorithm,annual distribution of paddy rice in Northeast China from 2001 to 2009 was mapped and analyzed.The results demonstrated that the MODIS-derived area was highly correlated with published agricultural statistical data with a coefficient of determination(R2) value of 0.847.It also revealed a sharp decline in 2003,especially in the Sanjiang Plain located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province,due to the oversupply and price decline of rice in 2002.These results suggest that the approaches are available for accurate and reliable monitoring of rice cultivated areas and variation on a large scale.     

Mapping paddy rice with multi-date moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data in China

The objective of this study was to obtain spatial distribution maps of paddy rice fields using multi-date moderateresolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS） data in China. Paddy rice fields were extracted by identifying the unique characteristic of high soil moisture in the flooding and transplanting period with improved algorithms based on rice growth calendar regionalization. The characteristic could be reflected by the enhanced vegetation index （EVI） and the land surface water index （LSWI） derived from MODIS sensor data. Algorithms for single, early, and late rice identification were obtained from selected typical test sites. The algorithms could not only separate early rice and late rice planted in the same fields, but also reduce the uncertainties. The areal accuracy of the MODIS-derived results was validated by comparison with agricultural statistics, and the spatial matching was examined by ETM＋ （enhanced thematic mapper plus） images in a test region. Major factors that might cause errors, such as the coarse spatial resolution and noises in the MODIS data, were discussed. Although not suitable for monitoring the inter-annual variations due to some inevitable factors, the MODIS-derived results were useful for obtaining spatial distribution maps of paddy rice on a large scale, and they might provide reference for further studies.