软件质量保证的人员需求及其发展趋势

阐述了一名合格的软件质量保证工程师应具备的能力及软件质量保证（SQA）人员需求的现状,说明了一种基于Deming环的确定SQA人员的十步骤过程,并在这个基础上提出了一种有效实施SQA的人员需求趋势的模型。     

军用嵌入式系统软件过程与产品质量保证管理浅析

软件过程与产品质量保证是为了保证软件产品满足客户的需求,也是保证软件研制过程符合规定要求的重要管理技术。在软件全生命周期中进行有效的软件质量保证是必要。结合作者的质量监督工作经历,就军用嵌入式系统软件的质量保证做了一些总结和探讨。     

软件质量保证的实践与总结

本文首先介绍了软件质量及软件质量保证的基本概念，并基于笔者个人的实践，介绍和总结了软件质量保证所应做的主要工作。     

基于SOA架构的嵌入式软件测试平台

随着嵌入式软件的性能越来越复杂,软件的质量对嵌入式产品的最终质量起到了决定性的作用.嵌入式软件测试是保证软件质量及嵌入式系统质量的重要技术手段,而嵌入式软件测试平台正是为提高测试效率、降低测试费用而提供的操作平台.介绍了面向服务的体系结构(Service-oriented,简称SQA)的概念及结构模型,着重阐述了如何采用SQA对DSTE(Distributed Simulation Testing Environment)进行架构,并解决了测试中各部分之间信息的传递问题,较好适应了嵌入式软件的交叉测试过程和嵌入式系统资源有限的特点.     

一种提高软件质量的可靠性方法

软件可靠性是软件工程学与可靠性工程学结合产生的前沿学科。软件的可靠性是软件质量保证的重要一环。结合新的软件和旧的软件,从量化的角度进行研究,提出了保证新软件的质量可靠性的方法。     

浅谈我国IT行业中的软件测试

软件测试(Software testing)是软件生命周期(Software life cycle)中的一个重要阶段,是软件质量保证的关键步骤。目的是为了检验软件系统是否满足需求。     

如何实施软件质量保证的过程和产品审计

软件质量保证是CMMI模型中很重要的一个过程域,通过质量保证来客观评价过程和工作产品,使组织开发人员和管理者能客观了解过程和相关的工作产品,减少并纠正、预防实际的开发过程和结果与预期不符合。根据实践,对软件质量保证的过程和产品审计的实施经验进行了分析总结。     

项目管理在软件测试中的应用

近年来随着软件复杂度的不断增大,软件测试在软件质量保证中的作用也日趋明显,而软件质量标准定义不准确、任务边界模糊等原因导致软件测试在执行过程中常常无法得到有效的控制,如何提高软件测试效率已成为很多IT企业亟需解决的问题。从项目管理角度出发,结合ERP软件测试管理实践经验,总结了如何应用项目管理方法来保证软件测试质量。     

浅议施工招标策划阶段招标工作的质量控制

施工招标是建设工程项目实施中的一项重要工作内容,在实施施工招标之前应做好各项施工招标策划准备工作.施工招标策划阶段的招标工作质量影响项目投资、进度、质量控制目标的有效实现.文章认为运用过程方法系统地识别并管理招标策划阶段中招标工作中的各项工作过程,为实现预期项目目标,提供了质量保证.     

核电机组换料大修质量监督实践——以宁德核电厂一号机组为例

换料大修是核电厂生产运营活动中的一项重要工作。本文从大修质量保证监督组织的建立,大修准备、实施、完工各阶段质量保证监督活动的实施、监督发现缺陷的跟踪等方面介绍了宁德核电厂一号机组第二次换料大修质量保证监督实践,为其他核电厂机组换料大修期间实施质量保证监督提供参考。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

Low doses of a red wine ingredient figh diabetes in mice

Aresearch group led by Prof. ZHAI Qiwei from the Institute for Nutritional Sciences under the CAS Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences has discovered that even relatively low doses of resveratrol--a chemical found in the skins of red grapes and in red wine--can improve the sensitivity of mice to the hormone insulin, according to a report in the October,2007 issue of Cell Metabolism. As insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of Type 2 diabetes, the findings“provide a potential new therapeutic approach for preventing or treating” both conditions, the researchers said.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Molecular motor assembly of a biomimetic system

Active biological molecules and functional structures can be fabricated into a bio-mimetic system by using molecular assembly method. Such materials can be used for the drug delivery, disease diagnosis and therapy, and new nanodevice construction.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence