Last Tribute to Professor Zheng Chengsi, Renowned IP Law Scholar

On 10 September 2006, Professor Zheng Chengsi, the renowned Chinese IP law scholar, Chairman of the IP Law Society of the China Law Society, Vice-President of the Copyright Society of China, and member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, passed away in Beijing at the age of 62.     

科技工作者:科技社团成员研究

科技工作者是科技社团成立的基础。该文从建国初期科联、科普所采用的"科学工作者"和"科技工作者"的差别出发,梳理了科技工作者指代群体和标准的变化,理清了科技社团成员的变化情况,并明确了科协的工作对象是"科技工作者",它与科技社团成员之间的关系是包含关系。     

Research ethics: a safeguard for advanced technologies

With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world''s first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China. Weiwen DuanPhilosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Junjiu HuangLife scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China Renzong QiuBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China Qiang SunLife scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Yi ZengArtificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Xiaomei ZhaiBioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Mu-ming Poo (Chair)Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China     

Extreme weather and climate events in China under changing climate

In the summer of 2003, a heat wave swept Europe and caused more than 70 000 additional fatalities [J.-M. Robine et al., C. R. Biologies331 (2008)]. Global warming and climate change is no longer a prophecy to be fulfilled, as strong heat waves and typhoons, as well as severe rainfalls, are becoming more severe. Extreme weather and climate events in the world, especially over Europe and North America, are widely studied and frequently reported in the media. These events may be related to the ongoing climate change. In this NSR forum, active researchers specialized in this field gather to discuss the climate and weather changes in China. They present the current changes, identify knowledge gaps, discuss the research difficulties, and propose ways forward to better serve the society with climate science. Ying Sun Professor at the National Climate Center of the China Meteorological Administration, China Qiuhong Tang Professor at the Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Zhongwei Yan Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Jing Yang Professor at the Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, faculty of Geographic Science of Beijing Normal University, China Panmao Zhai Professor at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences of the China Meteorological Administration, and the current Co-Chair of the IPCC Working Group I, China Tianjun Zhou Professor at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Deliang Chen (Chair) Professor at the University of Gothenburg, NSR Editorial Board member, Sweden     

Mission and challenges of higher education: an interview with G.Q. Max Lu,the president of the University of Surrey

The University of Surrey (referred to as Surrey hereafter) is one of the renowned universities in the UK that was established on 9 September 1966 with the grant of its Royal Charter and its roots go back to Battersea Polytechnic Institute, founded in 1891. Surrey is the research hub of small satellites, mobile telecommunication and artificial intelligence in Europe. In 2016, Surrey was named as ‘University of the Year’ in the UK and, in February 2018, Surrey won the Queen''s Anniversary Prize for Higher and Further Education (Surrey''s fourth award)—the highest national award for the UK universities, in recognition of the outstanding contribution of Surrey to nutrition and health.The president and vice chancellor of Surrey, Professor Max Lu, took this position in 2016 and is also the first scholar of Chinese origin to be the leader of a British university. Before he joined Surrey, he was the provost and senior vice president at the University of Queensland in Australia. Professor Lu is not only a talented leader in education field, but also a distinguished scientist in materials chemistry and nanotechnology area. He has been honored with numerous awards, including the Orica Award, RK Murphy Medal, China International Science and Technology Award and Medal of the Order of Australia, etc. He has been also appointed to the Prime Minister''s Council for Science and Technology and the Board of UK Research and Innovation, etc. The rich experience and open-mindedness lead to his profound insights into higher education around the world. Lately elected as a fellow of Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng) and foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Lu shared his broad and deep perspectives on higher education with National Science Review during his travel in Beijing.     

科学语体篇章的分析理论研究

本文将介绍俄罗斯科学院语言研究所应用语言学研究室高级研究员,语言学副博士,语言心理学和应用语言学家А．И．Новиков的关于科学语体篇章的分析理论,以科学语体篇章为研究对象,用这些理论剖析科学语体篇章的结构,阐述其解码手段和方法。     

多布罗夫：苏联科学学基辅学派的创始人

 多布罗夫是苏联科学学的奠基人之一,他创建了科学学基辅流派。他发展了科学技术潜力及其评估方法的理论,提出科研人员优化的理念和科技预测的思想,在他的努力下,乌克兰科学院组建了“科技潜力与科学史研究中心”。     

中国科学院外籍院士群体特征研究

中科院外籍院士制度自1994年正式建立,迄今已走过20余年历程。文章以中科院外籍院士群体为研究对象,对其特征进行计量分析。在此基础上,从历史的视角探讨外籍院士对中国科技事业的贡献,并对如何进一步发挥外籍院士的作用,促进我国科技事业的发展提出政策建议。     

团队稳定性、学科多样性和团队绩效

不同于以往研究，从团队层面对科研团队稳定性进行测度，同时聚焦学科多样性在其中的调节作用。以2009年和2010年的69个美国国家科学院生物学领域院士科研团队为研究对象，在通过作者共现网络和聚类分析方法识别主要成员和团队的基础上，以团队生产力和团队影响力衡量团队绩效，运用负二项回归模型对团队稳定性与团队绩效的关系以及学科多样性的调节作用进行分析。研究发现：团队稳定性对团队绩效呈倒“U”型影响，表明团队并非越稳定越好，适当的团队成员流动更有利于团队绩效的提高；团队的学科多样性对团队稳定性和生产力关系有正向调节作用，因为学科多样性可以降低团队成员流动带来的学习成本和磨合时间成本，使成员流动对团队绩效的影响更显著；而学科多样性因容易造成团队的知识冲突以及团队资源分配分散等问题，导致对团队稳定性和影响力关系的调节作用不显著。为提高科研团队绩效，要关注团队成员的流动情况，优化团队进入和退出机制，同时开展更多的跨学科人才合作。     

推动跨境数据安全有序流动 引领数字经济全球化发展

作为连接全球经济的纽带和新秩序博弈的焦点,跨境数据流动在极大提升跨国协作效率的同时,也面临着数据主权、国家安全、利益冲突、隐私保护、数据监管等问题。文章首先从数据要素的经济影响出发,梳理跨境数据流动对经济全球化的作用;进而,分析全球范围内跨境数据流动的制约因素,总结我国数据生产总值的优势和不足;最后,结合我国数字经济发展实践,提出有为政府与有效市场更好结合、推动数字隐私技术研发应用、发挥自贸区和自港区先行先试作用、实行分类分级的差别化监管政策、发起多边协定为国际数据治理提出中国方案、坚持系统思维引领数字经济全球化的政策建议,以期推动跨境数据安全有序流动,使我国更好地把握数字经济全球化的战略机遇。     

Metaphysics for an enlightened public: The controversy over monads in Germany, 1746-1748

This essay analyzes the controversy that attended the prize essay question on monads proposed by the Berlin Academy of Sciences in 1746. The controversy was first touched off by an anonymous pamphlet published by the mathematician Leonhard Euler, the academy's most well known member, that attacked the doctrine of monads. It peaked with the awarding of the prize to Johann Heinrich Gottlob Justi, whose winning essay closely followed Euler's arguments. This essay discusses the controversy as one instance in a broader quarrel in the German academic community over the suitability of Christian Wolff's philosophy as the foundation for a broad range of academic disciplines, including natural philosophy. It also analyzes the controversy as displaying the central role of the periodical press in the emergent German public sphere.     

科研团队成员需求特征的实证研究 /FONT /P

本研究考虑到科研人员以团队开展工作的特点,对10项与团队和个人相关的需求因素的吸引力进行了调查。调查对象选取了中国科学院在京5个研究所的部分科研人员,并分不同性别、年龄段、职称分析了调查结果,得出了科研团队成员的需求特征,并提出了相应建议。     

科研机构和家评价方法研究

专家评价是管理学范畴的一个重要概念,已受到政府、企业的广泛关注。它表明在基础指标定量测评的时候可以引入“群体决策”进行专家评价。本文对科研机构的专家评价进行研究,以定性和多指标综合评价的方法对科研机构的专家评价进行分析,并在这些分析的基础上对科研机构的评价提出一些建设性政策建议。     

中国科学院行政管理局“科教帮扶”新模式的实践与探索——以内蒙古库伦旗和贵州水城县构建“一个纽带两个基地”教育扶贫实践为例

教育是阻断贫困代际传递的治本之策。内蒙古库伦旗和贵州水城县是中国科学院的定点帮扶国家级贫困县。中国科学院行政管理局主动发挥热心公益事业的优良传统，利用自身教育资源优势，从学前教育和基础教育两个方面，在库伦旗和水城县构建"一个纽带两个基地"，开展了以"科学"特色为核心的"科教帮扶"新模式的探索。截至目前，中国科学院行政管理局在库伦旗投入资金200万元用于改善教育环境，资助300余名优秀师生到中国科学院相关院所参与"走进中科院、走近科学家"活动；在水城县开展"科普阅读进校园""科学快车"等科普活动；在库伦旗和水城县培训各级教师7 521人次，有效提升了当地师生的科学素养。未来，中国科学院行政管理局还将对"科教帮扶"的模式和内容进行更深入的探索，构建精准结对的共同体，以期实现"科教帮扶"的长期化、稳定化、实时化。     

中国科学院地球科学领域学科分析与建议

学科建设是一切科学活动的基础,文章利用科技部、中科院、基金委公开发布的相关数据,对我国地球科学各二级学科的发展现状进行了系统分析,论述了中科院地球科学各二级学科的发展现状。并与后续二级学科的分类描述共同组成了中科院地球科学学科分析报告。     

变能力为优势——对中科院研究所综合配套改革的若干思考

文章围绕中科院研究所综合配套改革试点这一重要管理活动,较为详尽地分析了其必要性及本质,阐述了中科院目前的组织机构理论模型,提出了根本目标——变能力为优势,并阐述了有关工作思路和政策建议,最后还结合中科院实际现状对几个核心命题进行了思考。     

后勤保障:科研活动的重要组成部分——中国科学院科研行政后勤改革发展的回顾与思考

文章系统回顾了中科院30多年来科研行政后勤改革的历程,对新时期中科院科研行政后勤的现状与问题进行了研究与分析,面对中科院“创新2020”科研行政后勤的使命与任务．提出了新思路与新举措。     

中国科学院水污染研究现状与展望

水污染研究是我国控制水体污染和改善环境质量的重要保障。本文从基础理论、监测预警、治理修复三方面介绍了中科院水污染研究的现状,特别是近年来在湖泊富营养化控制、河流综合整治、城市水环境保护、饮用水保障技术等方面取得的研究进展,并对今后中科院水污染防治研究工作进行了分析和展望。     

“十二五”以来科学基金资助项目增长驱动分析

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所成立于1957年，是中央级公益性科学研究机构，以畜禽和牧草为主要研究对象，以资源研究和品种培育为基础，以生物技术为手段，以营养与饲养技术研究为保障，以生产优质安全畜禽产品为目标，开展动物遗传资源与育种、动物生物技术与繁殖、动物营养与饲料、草业科学、动物医学、畜产品质量安全等学科领域的应用基础和应用技术研究，着重解决国家全局性、关键性、方向性、基础性的重大科技问题。国家自然科学基金对于提升研究所承担国家科技任务的能力、增强基础研究自主创新能力、支撑产业发展、培养人才队伍、扩大国际学术影响等方面发挥着重要作用。 本文在总结分析“十二五”以来中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所申请国家自然科学基金项目数、获资助项目数、受资助率和学科领域分布等基本情况基础上，从国家宏观层面、研究所中观层面和科学基金精细化管理微观层面等三个层面入手，分析了中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所承担国家自然科学基金的总体发展态势，开展了中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所国家自然科学基金资助项目增长驱动分析；从宣传科学基金文化、建立科学基金申报动员机制、严格审核机制、学术把关机制等方面入手，总结了研究所国家自然科学基金精细化组织管理经验。同时，针对研究所承担科学基金存在的差距，提出了研究所战略布局顶层设计、学科发展构建、人才队伍建设等方面的设想，提出了挖掘科学基金申报潜力、拓宽申请类型、提高申报质量、提升项目档次等措施，以期进一步提高国家自然科学基金的管理和服务水平，努力把研究所的科学基金工作推向一个新的阶段，为创建世界一流农业科研院所、建设创新型国家提供强有力的科技支撑和智力支撑。     

“十二五”以来科学基金资助项目增长驱动分析

 Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences was established in 1957 and it is a national multi-discipline research organization in the field of animal sciences. The Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences sets up 5 research departments, namely: Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Animal Biotechnology and Reproduction, Animal Germplasm Resources and Production, Grassland Science and Veterinary Medicine as well as a central laboratory for chemical analysis. Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences carries out applied and fundamental research and technical development and research with swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats as main research objectives. The institute puts emphasis on the areas of germplasm resources, genetics and breeding, reproduction, feed science, nutrition and animal bio-technology, veterinary medicine, in order to solve the scientific and technical problems in animal production which are crucial, basic, commonly encountered or orientation-determining for the animal production. Moreover it is also engaged in organizing and coordinating key national research projects, extension of research achievements and advanced techniques, training of high-ranking scientists and technicians, promotion of domestic and international scientific exchange and collaboration.  The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) plays an important role in promoting the ability of undertaking national scientific and technical projects, enhancing the basic research and independent innovation, supporting the industrial development, training research teams and extending the international academic influence for the Institute of Animal Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.  Based on the summary and analysis of the number of applications and projects funded by NSFC, the funded rate and the distribution of disciplines and fields since the implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan from the Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we analyzed the overall development trend and the major driving factors of the growth on projects supported by NSFC from Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in three aspects. They are the macro level of the State, the medium level of the institute and the micro-level of NSFC′s delicacy management. Besides, we summarize the refined managerial experience of the institute′s projects funded by NSFC, propagate the culture of NSFC and build up the mechanism of mobilization and examination. Furthermore, based on the gap of the National Natural Science Foundation of China undertaken in our institute, we put forward some ideas about designing the strategic layout in top-level, constructing and developing the discipline and training the talent team. Meanwhile, we also take some measures to tap potential in the application of NSFC, widen application type and increase application quality. At last, we expect to further improve the management and service level of NSFC and move forward the work of NSFC into a new phase, which will provide strong scientific and intellectual support for establishing world-class agricultural research institution and innovation-oriented country.